Mobility of Water in Human Stratum Corneum

2003 ◽  
Vol 92 (11) ◽  
pp. 2326-2340 ◽  
Author(s):  
Gerald B. Kasting ◽  
Namrata D. Barai ◽  
Tsuo‐Feng Wang ◽  
Johannes M. Nitsche
Keyword(s):  
Stratum Corneum ◽  
Human Stratum Corneum

Thermal Behaviour of Human Stratum Corneum

2006 ◽  
Vol 19 (3) ◽  
pp. 132-139 ◽  
Author(s):  
C.L. Silva ◽  
S.C.C. Nunes ◽  
M.E.S. Eusébio ◽  
A.A.C.C. Pais ◽  
J.J.S. Sousa
Keyword(s):  
Stratum Corneum ◽  
Thermal Behaviour ◽  
Human Stratum Corneum

Human Skin Binding and Absorption of Contaminants from Ground and Surface Water During Swimming and Bathing

1989 ◽  
Vol 8 (5) ◽  
pp. 853-859 ◽  
Author(s):  
Ronald C. Wester ◽  
Howard I. Maibach
Keyword(s):  
Surface Water ◽  
Stratum Corneum ◽  
Human Skin ◽  
The Body ◽  
Water Soluble ◽  
Exposure Effect ◽  
Human Stratum Corneum ◽  
Water Dilution

Contaminants exist in ground and surface water. Human skin has the capacity to bind and then absorb these contaminants into the body during swimming and bathing. Powdered human stratum corneum will bind both lipid-soluble (alachlor, polychlorinated biphenyls [PCBs], benzene) and water-soluble (nitroaniline) chemicals. In vitro (human skin) and in vivo (Rhesus monkey) studies show that these chemicals readily distribute into skin, and then some of the chemical is absorbed into the body. Linearity in binding and absorption exists for nitroaniline over a 10-fold concentration range. Multiple exposure to benzene is at least cumulative. Binding and absorption can be significant for exposures as short as 30 min, and will increase with time. Absorption with water dilution increased for alachlor, but not for dinoseb. Soap reversed the partitioning of alachlor between human stratum corneum and water. The PCBs could be removed from skin by soap and water (70% efficiency) for up to 3 h and then decontamination potential decreased, due to continuing skin absorption. The model in vitro and in vivo systems used should permit easy estimation of this area of extensive human exposure effect on risk assessment.

Chemical Partitioning into Powdered Human Stratum Corneum

2007 ◽  
pp. 87-94
Author(s):  
Ronald Wester ◽  
Hongbo Zhai ◽  
Xiaoying Hui ◽  
Anne Cashmore ◽  
Howard Maibach ◽  
...  
Keyword(s):  
Stratum Corneum ◽  
Chemical Partitioning ◽  
Human Stratum Corneum
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