Phosphorus fractions in preferential flow pathways and soil matrix in hillslope soils in the Thuringian Forest (Central Germany)

2017 ◽  
Vol 180 (3) ◽  
pp. 407-417 ◽  
Author(s):  
Dorit Julich ◽  
Stefan Julich ◽  
Karl-Heinz Feger
Keyword(s):  
Preferential Flow ◽  
Phosphorus Fractions ◽  
Soil Matrix ◽  
Central Germany ◽  
Flow Pathways ◽  
Preferential Flow Pathways

scholarly journals Model-based estimation of pesticides and transformation products and their export pathways in a headwater catchment

2013 ◽  
Vol 17 (12) ◽  
pp. 5213-5228 ◽  
Author(s):  
M. Gassmann ◽  
C. Stamm ◽  
O. Olsson ◽  
J. Lange ◽  
K. Kümmerer ◽  
...  
Keyword(s):  
Preferential Flow ◽  
Transformation Products ◽  
Distributed Hydrological Model ◽  
Runoff Generation ◽  
Soil Matrix ◽  
Successful Model ◽  
Tile Drains ◽  
Flow Pathways ◽  
Preferential Flow Pathways ◽  
Headwater Catchment

Abstract. Pesticides applied onto agricultural fields are frequently found in adjacent rivers. To what extent and along which pathways they are transported is influenced by intrinsic pesticide properties such as sorption and degradation. In the environment, incomplete degradation of pesticides leads to the formation of transformation products (TPs), which may differ from the parent compounds regarding their intrinsic fate characteristics. Thus, the export processes of TPs in catchments and streams may also be different. In order to test this hypothesis, we extended a distributed hydrological model by the fate and behaviour of pesticides and transformation products and applied it to a small, well-monitored headwater catchment in Switzerland. The successful model evaluation of three pesticides and their TPs at three sampling locations in the catchment enabled us to estimate the quantity of contributing processes for pollutant export. Since all TPs were more mobile than their parent compounds (PCs), they exhibited larger fractions of export via subsurface pathways. However, besides freshly applied pesticides, subsurface export was found to be influenced by residues of former applications. Export along preferential flow pathways was less dependent on substance fate characteristics than soil matrix export, but total soil water flow to tile drains increased more due to preferential flow for stronger sorbing substances. Our results indicate that runoff generation by matrix flow to tile drains gained importance towards the end of the modelling period whereas the contributions from fast surface runoff and preferential flow decreased. Accordingly, TPs were to a large extent exported under different hydrological conditions than their PCs, due to their delayed formation and longer half-lives. Thus, not only their different intrinsic characteristics but also their delayed formation could be responsible for the fact that TPs generally took different pathways than their PCs. We suggest that these results should be considered in risk assessment for the export of agricultural chemicals to adjacent rivers and that models should be extended to include both PCs and TPs.

scholarly journals Quantifying the Importance of Preferential Flow in a Riparian Buffer

2021 ◽  
Vol 64 (3) ◽  
pp. 937-947
Author(s):  
Lucie Guertault ◽  
Garey A. Fox ◽  
Todd Halihan ◽  
Rafael Muñoz-Carpena
Keyword(s):  
Preferential Flow ◽  
Riparian Buffers ◽  
Riparian Buffer ◽  
Design Tools ◽  
Soil Matrix ◽  
Innovative Method ◽  
Matrix Flow ◽  
Buffer Design ◽  
Flow Pathways ◽  
Preferential Flow Pathways

HighlightsRiparian buffers and vegetative filter strips are uniquely susceptible to preferential flow.An innovative method is proposed to partition infiltration into matrix and macropore domains.Riparian buffer matrix and plot-scale infiltration experiments were simulated with HYDRUS-1D and VFSMOD.Preferential flow accounted for 32% to 47% of infiltration depending on hydrologic conditions.Preferential flow mechanisms should be incorporated into riparian buffer design tools and models.Abstract. Riparian buffers are uniquely susceptible to preferential flow due to the abundance of root channels, biological activity, and frequent wetting and drying cycles. Previous research has indicated such susceptibility and even measured the connectivity of preferential flow pathways with adjacent streams and rivers. However, limited research has attempted to partition the riparian buffer infiltration between matrix and preferential flow domains. The objectives of this research were to develop an innovative method to quantify soil matrix infiltration at the plot scale, develop a method to partition infiltration into matrix and macropore infiltration at the plot scale, and then use these methods to quantify the significance of macropore infiltration at a riparian buffer site. This research further demonstrated the importance of considering preferential flow processes in design tools and models to evaluate riparian buffer effectiveness. Sprinkler and runon field experiments were conducted at an established riparian buffer site with sandy loam soil. Trenches were installed and instrumented with soil moisture sensors along the width of the riparian buffer (i.e., along the flow path toward the stream) for detecting non-uniform flow patterns due to preferential flow. Riparian buffer parameters, including soil hydraulic parameters, were estimated using HYDRUS-1D for the sprinkler experiments and VFSMOD for the runon experiments. This research partitioned the infiltration into matrix and preferential flow domains by assuming negligible exchange of water between the soil matrix and preferential flow pathways in comparison to the magnitude of soil matrix flow. For these experimental conditions with 0.20 to 0.48 L s-1 of runon and initial soil water contents of 0.29 to 0.32 cm3 cm-3, preferential flow accounted for at least 27% to 32% of the total runon water entering the riparian buffer. This corresponded to approximately 32% to 47% of the total infiltration. While increasing the riparian buffer plot soil hydraulic conductivity in single-porosity models can adequately predict the total infiltration and therefore the surface outflow from the buffer, design tools and models should specifically consider preferential flow processes to improve predictive power regarding the actual infiltration processes and correspondingly the non-equilibrium flow and solute transport mechanisms. Keywords: Flow partitioning, HYDRUS, Matrix flow, Preferential flow, Riparian buffer, VFSMOD.

scholarly journals Field method for separating the contribution of surface-connected preferential flow pathways from flow through the soil matrix

2012 ◽  
Vol 48 (4) ◽  
Author(s):  
Emily C. Sanders ◽  
Majdi R. Abou Najm ◽  
Rabi H. Mohtar ◽  
Eileen Kladivko ◽  
Darrell Schulze
Keyword(s):  
Preferential Flow ◽  
Field Method ◽  
Soil Matrix ◽  
Flow Through ◽  
Flow Pathways ◽  
Preferential Flow Pathways

scholarly journals Model-based estimation of pesticides and transformation products and their export pathways in a headwater catchment

2013 ◽  
Vol 10 (7) ◽  
pp. 9847-9888 ◽  
Author(s):  
M. Gassmann ◽  
C. Stamm ◽  
O. Olsson ◽  
J. Lange ◽  
K. Kümmerer ◽  
...  
Keyword(s):  
Preferential Flow ◽  
Transformation Products ◽  
Distributed Hydrological Model ◽  
Runoff Generation ◽  
Soil Matrix ◽  
Successful Model ◽  
Tile Drains ◽  
Flow Pathways ◽  
Preferential Flow Pathways ◽  
Headwater Catchment

Abstract. Pesticides applied onto agricultural fields are frequently found in adjacent rivers. To what extent and along which pathways they are transported is influenced by intrinsic pesticide properties such as sorption and degradation. In the environment, incomplete degradation of pesticides leads to the formation of transformation products (TPs), which may differ from the parent compounds regarding their intrinsic fate characteristics. Thus, the export processes of TPs in catchments and streams may also be different. In order to test this hypothesis, we extended a distributed hydrological model by the fate and behaviour of pesticides and transformation products and applied it to a small, well-monitored headwater catchment in Switzerland. The successful model evaluation of three pesticides and their TPs at three sampling locations in the catchment enabled us to estimate the quantity of contributing processes for pollutant export. Since all TPs were more mobile than their parent compounds (PCs), they exhibited larger fractions of export via subsurface pathways. However, besides freshly applied pesticides, subsurface export was found to be influenced by residues of former applications. Export along preferential flow pathways was less dependent on substance fate characteristics than soil matrix export, but total soil water flow to tile drains increased more due to preferential flow for stronger sorbing substances. Our results indicate that runoff generation by matrix flow to tile drains gained importance towards the end of the modelling period whereas the contributions from fast surface runoff and preferential flow decreased. Accordingly, TPs were to a large extent exported under different hydrological conditions than their PCs, due to their delayed formation and longer half-lives. Thus, not only their different intrinsic characteristics but also their delayed formation could be responsible for the fact that TPs generally took different pathways than their PCs. We suggest that these results should be considered in risk assessment for the export of agricultural chemicals to adjacent rivers and that models should be extended to include both PCs and TPs.

scholarly journals Detecting infiltrated water and preferential flow pathways through time-lapse ground-penetrating radar surveys

2020 ◽  
Vol 726 ◽  
pp. 138511 ◽  
Author(s):  
Simone Di Prima ◽  
Thierry Winiarski ◽  
Rafael Angulo-Jaramillo ◽  
Ryan D. Stewart ◽  
Mirko Castellini ◽  
...  
Keyword(s):  
Ground Penetrating Radar ◽  
Preferential Flow ◽  
Time Lapse ◽  
Flow Pathways ◽  
Preferential Flow Pathways ◽  
Ground Penetrating

scholarly journals Phosphorus in Preferential Flow Pathways of Forest Soils in Germany

Forests ◽  
2016 ◽  
Vol 8 (1) ◽  
pp. 19 ◽  
Author(s):  
Dorit Julich ◽  
Stefan Julich ◽  
Karl-Heinz Feger
Keyword(s):  
Forest Soils ◽  
Preferential Flow ◽  
Flow Pathways ◽  
Preferential Flow Pathways
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