Consequences of sodium exclusion for the osmotic potential in the rhizosphere– Comparison of two maize cultivars differing in Na+ uptake

2004 ◽  
Vol 167 (3) ◽  
pp. 337-344 ◽  
Author(s):  
Doris Vetterlein ◽  
Katharina Kuhn ◽  
Sven Schubert ◽  
Reinhold Jahn
Keyword(s):  
Osmotic Potential ◽  
Maize Cultivars ◽  
Sodium Exclusion ◽  
Na Uptake

Sodium exclusion mechanisms at the root surface of two maize cultivars

1990 ◽  
Vol 123 (2) ◽  
pp. 205-209 ◽  
Author(s):  
Sven Schubert ◽  
Andr� L�uchli
Keyword(s):  
Root Surface ◽  
Maize Cultivars ◽  
Sodium Exclusion

Genetic control of sodium exclusion in durum wheat

2003 ◽  
Vol 54 (7) ◽  
pp. 627 ◽  
Author(s):  
Rana Munns ◽  
Gregory J. Rebetzke ◽  
Shazia Husain ◽  
Richard A. James ◽  
Ray A. Hare
Keyword(s):  
Durum Wheat ◽  
Genetic Control ◽  
Genotypic Variation ◽  
Genetic Effect ◽  
Progeny Testing ◽  
High Accumulation ◽  
Wheat Landrace ◽  
F2 Generation ◽  
Sodium Exclusion ◽  
Na Uptake

Salt tolerance in the genus Triticum is associated with low accumulation of Na+ in leaves. Durum and other tetraploid wheats generally have high accumulation of Na+ relative to bread wheat, and are salt sensitive, but a durum wheat landrace, Line 149, was found to have unusually low leaf Na+ accumulation. Populations were developed from crosses between 149 and the high Na+ accumulation variety Tamaroi, as well as between 149 and a durum wheat landrace with very high Na+ accumulation, Line 141. The third leaf of parental lines, F1, F2, and low- and high-selected F2:3 progeny was assayed for Na+ uptake when grown in 150 mM NaCl. Sodium concentrations were significantly (P < 0.01) lower in the low Na+ uptake Line 149 compared with high Na+ uptake Tamaroi (5-fold greater Na+ accumulation) and Line 141 (7-fold greater Na+ accumulation). There was no evidence of any maternal genetic effect on Na+ accumulation. The F1 progeny mean was intermediate to the mid- and low-parent means, suggesting incomplete dominance gene action. Progeny in the F2 generation of both populations segregated for Na+ accumulation in a 15 (low Na+) : 1 (high Na+) ratio (χ215:1 = 0.27 and 0.46, P > 0.50n.s. for 149/Tamaroi and 149/141, respectively), indicating duplicate dominance epistasis arising from segregation of 2 interacting dominant genes. Small yet significant (P < 0.01) genotypic variation was also observed for minor genes affecting Na+ accumulation. Realised heritabilities were moderate to high (h2R = 0.43–0.90) across populations, indicating good response to selection for low Na+ accumulation in the F2 generation. The simple genetic control of Na+ accumulation suggests relative ease of selection of lines with low Na+ accumulation. However, presence of dominance will require selection to be delayed until after 1 or 2 generations of inbreeding, or after progeny-testing of selected low Na+ accumulation families.

Silicon-mediated improvement in the salt resistance of wheat (Triticum aestivum) results from increased sodium exclusion and resistance to oxidative stress

2008 ◽  
Vol 35 (7) ◽  
pp. 633 ◽  
Author(s):  
Muhammad Saqib ◽  
Christian Zörb ◽  
Sven Schubert
Keyword(s):  
Oxidative Stress ◽  
Triticum Aestivum ◽  
Cell Wall ◽  
Shoot Growth ◽  
Triticum Aestivum L ◽  
Salt Resistance ◽  
Fresh Weight ◽  
Wheat Genotype ◽  
Sodium Exclusion ◽  
Na Uptake

Silicon (Si) is reported to reduce the effect of salinity on wheat (Triticum aestivum L.) and other crops. In the present study, Si decreased plant Na+ uptake and shoot : root Na+ distribution of a salt-resistant as well as a salt-sensitive wheat genotype. Reduced shoot Na+ concentration and increased shoot K+ : Na+ ratio led to improved plant growth. Silicon increased cell-wall Na+ binding from 49% in SARC-1 and 37% in 7-Cerros under salinity to 87% in SARC-1 and 79% in 7-Cerros under salinity + silicon. It may also have resulted in decreased potentially toxic leaf sap Na+ concentration. The concentration of glutathione, an important antioxidant in plants, was increased due to the addition of Si under saline conditions. The salt-resistant wheat genotype SARC-1 was less Si-responsive in terms of shoot fresh weight, having a 39% increase compared with a 49% increase in 7-Cerros, as well as root fresh weight, having a 12% increase compared with a 22% in 7-Cerros. It is concluded that Si may have improved shoot growth of the salt-resistant as well as the salt-sensitive wheat genotype by decreasing plant Na+ uptake and shoot : root Na+ distribution as well as by increasing glutathione concentration. Silicon may have also improved in-plant Na+ detoxification by increasing cell-wall Na+ binding.

Osmotic Potential of Winter Wheat Crowns for Comparing Cultivars Varying in Winterhardiness

1989 ◽  
Vol 81 (2) ◽  
pp. 159-163 ◽  
Author(s):  
J. T. DeNoma ◽  
G. A. Taylor ◽  
H. Ferguson
Keyword(s):  
Winter Wheat ◽  
Osmotic Potential

scholarly journals HANDY: a device for assessing resistance to mechanical crushing of maize kernel

Plant Methods ◽  
2021 ◽  
Vol 17 (1) ◽  
Author(s):  
Yuan Su ◽  
Yang Xu ◽  
Tao Cui ◽  
Xiaojun Gao ◽  
Guoyi Xia ◽  
...  
Keyword(s):  
Moisture Content ◽  
Goodness Of Fit ◽  
Function Analysis ◽  
Physical Damage ◽  
Maize Kernel ◽  
Rotating Speed ◽  
Maize Cultivars ◽  
Maize Varieties ◽  
New Perspective ◽  
Mechanical Crushing

Abstract Background How to control the physical damage during maize kernel harvesting is a major problem for both mechanical designers and plant breeders. A limitation of addressing this problem is lacking a reliable method for assessing the relation between kernel damage susceptibility and threshing quality. The design, construction, and testing of a portable tool called “HANDY”, which can assess the resistance to mechanical crushing in maize kernel. HANDY can impact the kernel with a special accelerator at a given rotating speed and then cause measurable damage to the kernel. These factors are varied to determine the ideal parameters for operating the HANDY. Results Breakage index (BI, target index of HANDY), decreased as the moisture content of kernel increased or the rotating speed decreased within the tested range. Furthermore, the HANDY exhibited a greater sensitivity in testing kernels at higher moisture level influence on the susceptibility of damage kernel than that in Breakage Susceptibility tests, particularly when the centrifugation speed is about 1800 r/min and the centrifugal disc type is curved. Considering that the mechanical properties of kernels vary greatly as the moisture content changes, a subsection linear (average goodness of fit is 0.9) to predict the threshing quality is built by piecewise function analysis, which is divided by kernel moisture. Specifically, threshing quality is regarded as a function of the measured result of the HANDY. Five maize cultivars are identified with higher damage resistance among 21 tested candidate varieties. Conclusions The HANDY provides a quantitative assessment of the mechanical crushing resistance of maize kernel. The BI is demonstrated to be a more robust index than breakage susceptibility (BS) when evaluating threshing quality in harvesting in terms of both reliability and accuracy. This study also offers a new perspective for evaluating the mechanical crushing resistance of grains and provides technical support for breeding and screening maize varieties that are suitable for mechanical harvesting.

The Effect of Temperature on Sodium Movements in Rat Uteri and a Model for Control of their Ion Content

1971 ◽  
Vol 49 (3) ◽  
pp. 240-262 ◽  
Author(s):  
E. E. Daniel ◽  
Kathleen Robinson
Keyword(s):  
Atp Depletion ◽  
Rate Coefficients ◽  
Effect Of Temperature ◽  
Ion Content ◽  
Substantial Fraction ◽  
Cellular Fraction ◽  
Diffusion Controlled ◽  
Na Efflux ◽  
Pinocytotic Vesicles ◽  
Na Uptake

The uptake and efflux of 22Na was studied in isolated rat uterine horns (both fresh and Na-rich) at 5, 15, 25, and 37 °C. Reduction of temperature from 37 °C to 25 or to 15 °C reduced 22Na uptake into, and efflux from, both the extracellular space and cells to the degree expected of a diffusion-controlled process (Q10 < 2). Reduction of the temperature to 5 °C during uptake into Na-rich horns revealed that a substantial fraction of cellular sodium became less exchangeable. At 5 °C, 22Na efflux was also markedly reduced, more than from ouabain or ATP depletion. Analysis of this change by curve-peeling and by reducing the temperature at various stages of efflux suggested that the main cause was a shift of 22Na from the larger, faster cellular fraction (No. 2) to the slower cellular fraction (No. 3). Bound 22Na was also markedly increased. The rate coefficients from curve-peeling for both cellular fractions were decreased. Radioactivity still in fraction 2 at 5 °C emerged at a rate of about half that at 15 °C. However, an overall coefficient for efflux of 22Na which would have emerged in fraction 2 at 15 or 25 °C showed that the Q10 for 22Na efflux between 5 and 15 °C was about 15. Tissues did not swell when they gained sodium at 5 °C. The effects of ouabain to increase 22Na influx and 42K efflux were eliminated at 5 °C. The effects of ATP depletion by iodoacetate and dinitrophenol to decrease 22Na efflux and to increase 22Na uptake, K loss, and swelling were reduced at 5 °C. Prior ATP depletion altered but did not prevent the marked reduction of efflux by cooling to 5 °C. Efflux of lithium, but not of potassium, was markedly slowed at 5 °C. K-free solutions still increased 22Na uptake at 5 °C. A model involving pinocytotic vesicles to explain these and earlier results was postulated.

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