scholarly journals Comparison of ex vivo and in vivo micro-computed tomography of rat tibia at different scanning settings

2016 ◽  
Vol 35 (8) ◽  
pp. 1690-1698 ◽  
Author(s):  
Amanda B. Longo ◽  
Phil L. Salmon ◽  
Wendy E. Ward
Keyword(s):  
Computed Tomography ◽  
Ex Vivo ◽  
Micro Computed Tomography ◽  
Rat Tibia

scholarly journals Correlation of Micro-Computed Tomography Assessment of Valvular Mineralisation with Histopathological and Immunohistochemical Features of Calcific Aortic Valve Disease

2019 ◽  
Vol 9 (1) ◽  
pp. 29
Author(s):  
Guillermo Solache-Berrocal ◽  
Ana María Barral-Varela ◽  
Sheila Areces-Rodríguez ◽  
Alejandro Junco-Vicente ◽  
Aitana Vallina-Álvarez ◽  
...  
Keyword(s):  
Computed Tomography ◽  
Aortic Valve ◽  
Molecular Mechanisms ◽  
Soft Tissues ◽  
Ex Vivo ◽  
Developed Countries ◽  
Macrophage Infiltration ◽  
Micro Computed Tomography ◽  
Calcific Aortic Valve Disease ◽  
Calcium Deposits

Aortic valve stenosis is a serious disease with increasing prevalence in developed countries. Research aimed at uncovering the molecular mechanisms behind its main cause, aortic valve calcification, is thus crucial for the development of future therapies. It is frequently difficult to measure the extent of mineralisation in soft tissues and some methods require the destruction of the sample. Micro-computed tomography (µCT), a non-destructive technique, was used to quantify the density and volume of calcium deposits on cusps from 57 explanted aortic valves. Conventional and immunostaining techniques were used to characterise valve tissue degeneration and the inflammatory and osteogenic stage with several markers. Although most of the analysed cusps came from severe stenosis patients, the µCT parameter bone volume/tissue volume ratio distinguished several degrees of mineralisation that correlated with the degree of structural change in the tissue and the amount of macrophage infiltration as determined by CD68 immunohistochemistry. Interestingly, exosomal markers CD63 and Alix co-localised with macrophage infiltration surrounding calcium deposits, suggesting that those vesicles could be produced at least in part by these immune cells. In conclusion, we have shown that the ex vivo assessment of aortic valve mineralisation with µCT reflects the molecular and cellular changes in pathological valves during progression towards stenosis. Thus, our results give additional validity to quantitative μCT as a convenient laboratory tool for basic research on this type of cardiovascular calcification.

Demineralized bone matrix-based microcarrier scaffold favors vascularized large bone regeneration in vivo in a rat model

2018 ◽  
Vol 33 (2) ◽  
pp. 182-195 ◽  
Author(s):  
Qiannan Li ◽  
Wenjie Zhang ◽  
Guangdong Zhou ◽  
Yilin Cao ◽  
Wei Liu ◽  
...  
Keyword(s):  
Computed Tomography ◽  
Stem Cells ◽  
Bone Marrow ◽  
Bone Regeneration ◽  
Demineralized Bone Matrix ◽  
Bone Matrix ◽  
Matrix Group ◽  
Micro Computed Tomography ◽  
Demineralized Bone

Insufficient neo-vascularization of in vivo implanted cell-seeded scaffold remains a major bottleneck for clinical translation of engineered bone formation. Demineralized bone matrix is an ideal bone scaffold for bone engineering due to its structural and biochemical components similar to those of native bone. We hypothesized that the microcarrier form of demineralized bone matrix favors ingrowth of vessels and bone regeneration upon in vivo implantation. In this study, a rat model of femoral vessel pedicle-based bone engineering was employed by filling the demineralized bone matrix scaffolds inside a silicone chamber that surrounded the vessel pedicles, and to compare the efficiency of vascularized bone regeneration between microcarrier demineralized bone matrix and block demineralized bone matrix. The results showed that bone marrow stem cells better adhered to microcarrier demineralized bone matrix and produced more extracellular matrices during in vitro culture. After in vivo implantation, microcarrier demineralized bone matrix seeded with bone marrow stem cells formed relatively more bone tissue than block demineralized bone matrix counterpart at three months upon histological examination. Furthermore, micro-computed tomography three-dimensional reconstruction showed that microcarrier demineralized bone matrix group regenerate significantly better and more bone tissues than block demineralized bone matrix both qualitatively and quantitatively (p < 0.05). Moreover, micro-computed tomography reconstructed angiographic images also demonstrated significantly enhanced tissue vascularization in microcarrier demineralized bone matrix group than in block demineralized bone matrix group both qualitatively and quantitatively (p < 0.05). Anti-CD31 immunohistochemical staining of (micro-) vessels and semi-quantitative analysis also evidenced enhanced vascularization of regenerated bone in microcarrier demineralized bone matrix group than in block demineralized bone matrix group (p < 0.05). In conclusion, the microcarrier form of demineralized bone matrix is an ideal bone regenerative scaffold due to its advantages of osteoinductivity and vascular induction, two essentials for in vivo bone regeneration.

scholarly journals Intraosteal Behavior of Porous Scaffolds: The mCT Raw-Data Analysis as a Tool for Better Understanding

Symmetry ◽  
2019 ◽  
Vol 11 (4) ◽  
pp. 532 ◽  
Author(s):  
Parrilla-Almansa ◽  
González-Bermúdez ◽  
Sánchez-Sánchez ◽  
Meseguer-Olmo ◽  
Martínez-Cáceres ◽  
...  
Keyword(s):  
Computed Tomography ◽  
Mathematical Analysis ◽  
Demineralized Bone Matrix ◽  
Bone Matrix ◽  
Hounsfield Unit ◽  
In Vivo Studies ◽  
Porous Scaffolds ◽  
Micro Computed Tomography ◽  
Radiological Analysis

The aim of the study is to determine the existing correlation between high-resolution 3D imaging technique obtained through Micro Computed Tomography (mCT) and histological-histomorphometric images to determine in vivo bone osteogenic behavior of bioceramic scaffolds. A Ca-Si-P scaffold ceramic doped and non-doped (control) with a natural demineralized bone matrix (DBM) were implanted in rabbit tibias for 1, 3, and 5 months. A progressive disorganization and disintegration of scaffolds and bone neoformation occurs, from the periphery to the center of the implants, without any differences between histomorphometric and radiological analysis. However, significant differences (p < 0.05) between DMB-doped and non-doped materials where only detected through mathematical analysis of mCT. In this way, average attenuation coefficient for DMB-doped decreased from 0.99 ± 0.23 Hounsfield Unit (HU) (3 months) to 0.86 ± 0.32 HU (5 months). Average values for non-doped decreased from 0.86 ± 0.25 HU (3 months) to 0.66 ± 0.33 HU. Combination of radiological analysis and mathematical mCT seems to provide an adequate in vivo analysis of bone-implanted biomaterials after surgery, obtaining similar results to the one provided by histomorphometric analysis. Mathematical analysis of Computed Tomography (CT) would allow the conducting of long-term duration in vivo studies, without the need for animal sacrifice, and the subsequent reduction in variability.

scholarly journals Root Canal Morphology and Configuration of 118 Mandibular First Molars by Means of Micro–Computed Tomography: An Ex Vivo Study

2016 ◽  
Vol 42 (4) ◽  
pp. 610-614 ◽  
Author(s):  
Thomas Gerhard Wolf ◽  
Frank Paqué ◽  
Maximilian Zeller ◽  
Brita Willershausen ◽  
Benjamín Briseño-Marroquín
Keyword(s):  
Computed Tomography ◽  
Root Canal ◽  
Ex Vivo ◽  
Micro Computed Tomography ◽  
Root Canal Morphology ◽  
Ex Vivo Study ◽  
Canal Morphology
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