scholarly journals Limited integrative repair capacity of native cartilage autografts within cartilage defects in a sheep model

2014 ◽  
Vol 33 (3) ◽  
pp. 390-397 ◽  
Author(s):  
Kolja Gelse ◽  
Dominic Riedel ◽  
Milena Pachowsky ◽  
Friedrich F. Hennig ◽  
Siegfried Trattnig ◽  
...  
Keyword(s):  
Cartilage Defects ◽  
Sheep Model ◽  
Repair Capacity ◽  
Native Cartilage ◽  
Integrative Repair

Biological responses to individualized small titanium implants for the treatment of focal full-thickness knee cartilage defects in a sheep model

The Knee ◽  
2020 ◽  
Vol 27 (3) ◽  
pp. 1078-1092
Author(s):  
Klaus Edgar Roth ◽  
Simon Betz ◽  
Irene Schmidtmann ◽  
Gerrit Steffen Maier ◽  
Hans-Reiner Ludwig ◽  
...  
Keyword(s):  
Titanium Implants ◽  
Cartilage Defects ◽  
Full Thickness ◽  
Knee Cartilage ◽  
Sheep Model ◽  
Biological Responses

scholarly journals Cartilage Repair Capacity within a Single Full-Thickness Chondral Defect in a Porcine Autologous Matrix-Induced Chondrogenesis Model Is Affected by the Location within the Defect

Cartilage ◽  
2021 ◽  
pp. 194760352110309
Author(s):  
E. Salonius ◽  
A. Meller ◽  
T. Paatela ◽  
A. Vasara ◽  
J. Puhakka ◽  
...  
Keyword(s):  
Cartilage Repair ◽  
Cartilage Defect ◽  
Femoral Condyle ◽  
Cartilage Defects ◽  
Lateral Part ◽  
Type Iii Collagen ◽  
Full Thickness ◽  
Chondral Defect ◽  
Repair Capacity ◽  
Biomaterial Scaffold

Objective Large articular cartilage defects are a challenge to regenerative surgery. Biomaterial scaffolds might provide valuable support for restoration of articulating surface. The performance of a composite biomaterial scaffold was evaluated in a large porcine cartilage defect. Design Cartilage repair capacity of a biomaterial combining recombinant human type III collagen (rhCo) and poly-(l/d)-lactide (PLA) was tested in a porcine model. A full-thickness chondral defect covering the majority of the weightbearing area was inflicted to the medial femoral condyle of the right knee. Spontaneous cartilage repair and nonoperated healthy animals served as controls. The animals were sacrificed after a 4-month follow-up. The repair tissue was evaluated with the International Cartilage Repair Society (ICRS) macroscopic score, ICRS II histological score, and with micro-computed tomography. Additionally, histopathological evaluation of lymph nodes and synovial samples were done for toxicological analyses. Results The lateral half of the cartilage defect in the operated groups showed better filling than the medial half. The mean overall macroscopic score for the rhCo-PLA, spontaneous, and nonoperated groups were 5.96 ± 0.33, 4.63 ± 0.42, and 10.98 ± 0.35, respectively. The overall histological appearance of the specimens was predominantly hyaline cartilage in 3 of 9 samples of the rhCo-PLA group, 2 of 8 of the spontaneous group, and 9 of 9 of the nonoperated group. Conclusions The use of rhCo-PLA scaffold did not differ from spontaneous healing. The repair was affected by the spatial properties within the defect, as the lateral part of the defect showed better repair than the medial part, probably due to different weightbearing conditions.

scholarly journals Autologous costal chondral transplantation and costa-derived chondrocyte implantation: emerging surgical techniques

2019 ◽  
Vol 11 ◽  
pp. 1759720X1987713 ◽  
Author(s):  
Youshui Gao ◽  
Junjie Gao ◽  
Hengyuan Li ◽  
Dajiang Du ◽  
Dongxu Jin ◽  
...  
Keyword(s):  
Costal Cartilage ◽  
Complex Structure ◽  
Surgical Techniques ◽  
In Vivo Studies ◽  
Cartilage Defects ◽  
Allogeneic Bone ◽  
Osteochondral Transplantation ◽  
Cartilage Transplantation ◽  
Repair Capacity ◽  
Chondrocyte Implantation

It is a great challenge to cure symptomatic lesions and considerable defects of hyaline cartilage due to its complex structure and poor self-repair capacity. If left untreated, unmatured degeneration will cause significant complications. Surgical intervention to repair cartilage may prevent progressive joint degeneration. A series of surgical techniques, including biological augmentation, microfracture and bone marrow stimulation, autologous chondrocyte implantation (ACI), and allogenic and autogenic chondral/osteochondral transplantation, have been used for various indications. However, the limited repairing capacity and the potential pitfalls of these techniques cannot be ignored. Increasing evidence has shown promising outcomes from ACI and cartilage transplantation. Nevertheless, the morbidity of autologous donor sites and limited resource of allogeneic bone have considerably restricted the wide application of these surgical techniques. Costal cartilage, which preserves permanent chondrocytes and the natural osteochondral junction, is an ideal candidate for the restoration of cartilage defects. Several in vitro and in vivo studies have shown good performance of costal cartilage transplantation. Although costal cartilage is a classic donor in plastic and cosmetic surgery, it is rarely used in skeletal cartilage restoration. In this review, we introduce the fundamental properties of costal cartilage and summarize costa-derived chondrocyte implantation and costal chondral/osteochondral transplantation. We will also discuss the pitfalls and pearls of costal cartilage transplantation. Costal chondral/osteochondral transplantation and costa-based chondrocytotherapy might be up-and-coming surgical techniques for recalcitrant cartilage lesions.

Can low concentrations of Papain help repair articular cartilage defects?

2007 ◽  
Vol 2 (1) ◽  
pp. 87-98
Author(s):  
Alfredas Staponas ◽  
Vida Gražienë ◽  
Laima Leonavičienë
Keyword(s):  
Stem Cells ◽  
Mesenchymal Stem Cells ◽  
Articular Cartilage ◽  
Cartilage Defects ◽  
Cartilaginous Tissue ◽  
Medial Condyle ◽  
Native Cartilage ◽  
Low Concentrations ◽  
Healthy Cartilage ◽  
Collagenous Matrix

AbstractIn the present study, we investigate the capability of low concentrations of Papain to stimulate cartilage mesenchymal cells proliferation and transformation to chondrocytes and evaluate the healing capability of partial thickness defects in medial condyle cartilage of 30 rabbits’ knee joints. Papain 0.1 mg/ml and Ringer saline l ml each were injected intra-articularly to rabbits of experimental and control groups (15 animals each). Healthy cartilage from lateral condyle and cartilage from medial condyle where the surgical defect was created were studied histologically and by TEM. The study revealed that 0.1 mg/ml Papain activates proliferation and spreading of mesenchymal stem cells to young forms of chondrocyte from perichondrium to the upper layers of healthy cartilage. In only 22.27% cases of the experimental group, surgical defects filled with cartilaginous tissue on the background of distinct destruction of collagenous matrix in the native cartilage. However, in 55.5% of the control group the defect was spontaneously healed by hyaline cartilaginous tissue completely or partially on the basis of slight destruction of collagenous matrix. The defect site was filled with activated chondrocyte-like cells from the subchondral plate (not perichondrium) in both groups, which acquired some cisterns of rough endoplasmic reticulum (RER) and produced matrix proteins. The results suggest that Papain did not ameliorate the recovery of cartilage defects acquired through surgically-induced injury of collagenous matrix in native cartilage. We observed that articular cartilage is the source of mesenchymal stem cells which have the ability to transform into young forms of chondrocytes. This transformation process depends on the level of destruction of native cartilage collagen matrix induced by the defect or by Papain.

scholarly journals Applications of Biocompatible Scaffold Materials in Stem Cell-Based Cartilage Tissue Engineering

2021 ◽  
Vol 9 ◽  
Author(s):  
Xia Zhao ◽  
Daniel A. Hu ◽  
Di Wu ◽  
Fang He ◽  
Hao Wang ◽  
...  
Keyword(s):  
Tissue Engineering ◽  
Articular Cartilage ◽  
Articular Chondrocytes ◽  
Critical Role ◽  
Cartilage Tissue Engineering ◽  
Cartilage Tissue ◽  
Cartilage Defects ◽  
3D Bioprinting ◽  
Repair Capacity ◽  
Scaffold Materials

Cartilage, especially articular cartilage, is a unique connective tissue consisting of chondrocytes and cartilage matrix that covers the surface of joints. It plays a critical role in maintaining joint durability and mobility by providing nearly frictionless articulation for mechanical load transmission between joints. Damage to the articular cartilage frequently results from sport-related injuries, systemic diseases, degeneration, trauma, or tumors. Failure to treat impaired cartilage may lead to osteoarthritis, affecting more than 25% of the adult population globally. Articular cartilage has a very low intrinsic self-repair capacity due to the limited proliferative ability of adult chondrocytes, lack of vascularization and innervation, slow matrix turnover, and low supply of progenitor cells. Furthermore, articular chondrocytes are encapsulated in low-nutrient, low-oxygen environment. While cartilage restoration techniques such as osteochondral transplantation, autologous chondrocyte implantation (ACI), and microfracture have been used to repair certain cartilage defects, the clinical outcomes are often mixed and undesirable. Cartilage tissue engineering (CTE) may hold promise to facilitate cartilage repair. Ideally, the prerequisites for successful CTE should include the use of effective chondrogenic factors, an ample supply of chondrogenic progenitors, and the employment of cell-friendly, biocompatible scaffold materials. Significant progress has been made on the above three fronts in past decade, which has been further facilitated by the advent of 3D bio-printing. In this review, we briefly discuss potential sources of chondrogenic progenitors. We then primarily focus on currently available chondrocyte-friendly scaffold materials, along with 3D bioprinting techniques, for their potential roles in effective CTE. It is hoped that this review will serve as a primer to bring cartilage biologists, synthetic chemists, biomechanical engineers, and 3D-bioprinting technologists together to expedite CTE process for eventual clinical applications.

scholarly journals Mesenchymal Stem Cells in Oriented PLGA/ACECM Composite Scaffolds Enhance Structure-Specific Regeneration of Hyaline Cartilage in a Rabbit Model

2018 ◽  
Vol 2018 ◽  
pp. 1-12 ◽  
Author(s):  
Weimin Guo ◽  
Xifu Zheng ◽  
Weiguo Zhang ◽  
Mingxue Chen ◽  
Zhenyong Wang ◽  
...  
Keyword(s):  
Articular Cartilage ◽  
Hyaline Cartilage ◽  
Rabbit Model ◽  
Cartilage Regeneration ◽  
Cartilage Defects ◽  
Composite Scaffolds ◽  
Human Cartilage ◽  
Native Cartilage

Articular cartilage lacks a blood supply and nerves. Hence, articular cartilage regeneration remains a major challenge in orthopedics. Decellularized extracellular matrix- (ECM-) based strategies have recently received particular attention. The structure of native cartilage exhibits complex zonal heterogeneity. Specifically, the development of a tissue-engineered scaffold mimicking the aligned structure of native cartilage would be of great utility in terms of cartilage regeneration. Previously, we fabricated oriented PLGA/ACECM (natural, nanofibrous, articular cartilage ECM) composite scaffolds. In vitro, we found that the scaffolds not only guided seeded cells to proliferate in an aligned manner but also exhibited high biomechanical strength. To detect whether oriented cartilage regeneration was possible in vivo, we used mesenchymal stem cell (MSC)/scaffold constructs to repair cartilage defects. The results showed that cartilage defects could be completely regenerated. Histologically, these became filled with hyaline cartilage and subchondral bone. Moreover, the aligned structure of cartilage was regenerated and was similar to that of native tissue. In conclusion, the MSC/scaffold constructs enhanced the structure-specific regeneration of hyaline cartilage in a rabbit model and may be a promising treatment strategy for the repair of human cartilage defects.

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