scholarly journals Patellofemoral joint contact forces during activities with high knee flexion

2011 ◽  
Vol 30 (3) ◽  
pp. 408-415 ◽  
Author(s):  
Adam Trepczynski ◽  
Ines Kutzner ◽  
Evgenios Kornaropoulos ◽  
William R. Taylor ◽  
Georg N. Duda ◽  
...  
Keyword(s):  
Knee Flexion ◽  
Patellofemoral Joint ◽  
Contact Forces ◽  
Joint Contact

scholarly journals Validation of an MRI-based method to assess patellofemoral joint contact areas in loaded knee flexion in vivo

2013 ◽  
Vol 39 (4) ◽  
pp. 978-987 ◽  
Author(s):  
Emily J. McWalter ◽  
Colm M. O'Kane ◽  
David P. FitzPatrick ◽  
David R. Wilson
Keyword(s):  
Knee Flexion ◽  
Patellofemoral Joint ◽  
Contact Areas ◽  
Joint Contact

Effect of Patellar Tendon Shortening on Tracking of the Patella

2005 ◽  
Vol 33 (10) ◽  
pp. 1565-1574 ◽  
Author(s):  
Neil Upadhyay ◽  
Samuel R. Vollans ◽  
Bahaa B. Seedhom ◽  
Roger W. Soames
Keyword(s):  
Patellar Tendon ◽  
Contact Area ◽  
Knee Flexion ◽  
Patellofemoral Joint ◽  
Contact Stresses ◽  
Contact Areas ◽  
Before And After ◽  
Joint Contact ◽  
Joint Biomechanics ◽  
Patellar Tendon Shortening

Background Although 10% postoperative patellar tendon shortening after bone–patellar tendon–bone autograft reconstruction of the anterior cruciate ligament has been reported, there are no published studies assessing the effect of shortening on patellofemoral joint biomechanics under physiological loading conditions. Purpose To investigate the influence of patellar tendon shortening on patellofemoral joint biomechanics. Study Design Controlled laboratory study. Methods The authors evaluated the patellofemoral contact area, the location of contact, and the patellofemoral joint reaction force and contact stresses in 7 cadaveric knees before and after 10% patellar tendon shortening. Shortening was achieved using a specially designed device. Experimental conditions simulating those occurring during level walking were employed: physiological quadriceps loads and corresponding angles of tibial rotation were applied at 15 °, 30 °, and 60 ° flexion of the knee. Patellofemoral joint contact areas were measured before and after shortening using the silicone oil–carbon black powder suspension squeeze technique. Results After patellar tendon shortening, patellofemoral joint contact areas were displaced proximally on the patellar surface and distally on the femoral surface. Although the contact area increased by 18% at 15 ° of knee flexion (P=. 04), no significant change occurred at 30 ° or 60 ° of knee flexion (P>. 05). Patellofemoral contact stress remained unchanged after patellar tendon shortening (P>. 05) at each flexion angle. Conclusion Our results suggest that a 10% shortening of the patellar tendon does not alter patellar contact stresses during locomotion. It is not clear whether apparent changes in contact location in all positions and contact area at 15 ° would have clinical consequences.

scholarly journals Patellofemoral joint contact area increases with knee flexion and weight-bearing

2005 ◽  
Vol 23 (2) ◽  
pp. 345-350 ◽  
Author(s):  
Thor F. Besier ◽  
Christine E. Draper ◽  
Garry E. Gold ◽  
Gary S. Beaupré ◽  
Scott L. Delp
Keyword(s):  
Contact Area ◽  
Knee Flexion ◽  
Patellofemoral Joint ◽  
Weight Bearing ◽  
Joint Contact

Trochlear Contact Pressures after Straight Anteriorization of the Tibial Tuberosity

2008 ◽  
Vol 36 (10) ◽  
pp. 1953-1959 ◽  
Author(s):  
John-Paul H. Rue ◽  
Anne Colton ◽  
Stephanie M. Zare ◽  
Elizabeth Shewman ◽  
Jack Farr ◽  
...  
Keyword(s):  
Contact Area ◽  
Clinical Relevance ◽  
Knee Flexion ◽  
Patellofemoral Joint ◽  
Pressure Sensors ◽  
Contact Forces ◽  
Tibial Tuberosity ◽  
Before And After ◽  
The Mean ◽  
Contact Pressures

Background Anteromedialization of the tibial tuberosity has been shown to decrease mean total contact pressures of the lateral trochlea and to shift contact pressures to the medial trochlea. Hypothesis Modifying the anteromedialization osteotomy to a straight anteriorization osteotomy of the tibial tuberosity can decrease trochlear contact pressures without a resultant medial shift of forces to the medial trochlear contact area. Study Design Controlled laboratory study. Methods Ten cadavers were tested before and after straight anteriorization tibial tuberosity osteotomy by loading the extensor mechanism with 89.1 and 178.2 N at 0°, 30°, 60°, and 90° of flexion following a validated patellofemoral joint loading protocol. Contact pressures were measured with electroresistive pressure sensors placed directly on the trochlea. Results The mean trochlear contact pressures after osteotomy decreased significantly ( P < .05) for loads of 89.1 and 178.2 N at both 30° (23% and 20%, respectively) and 60° (18.7% and 31.9%, respectively) of knee flexion. The peak contact pressures decreased significantly ( P < .05) for loads of 89.1 and 178.2 N at 30° (24.3% and 27.0%, respectively) and 60° (31.9% and 24.5%, respectively) and for loads of 89.1 N at 90° (13.4%) of knee flexion. Conclusion The authors demonstrated significantly decreased trochlear contact forces after straight anteriorization osteotomy of the tibial tuberosity, without a significant resultant medial shift of the center of force. Clinical Relevance Straight anteriorization of the tibial tuberosity may be a useful adjunct for patients with medial articular defects of the patellar or trochlea in whom anteromedialization would be otherwise contraindicated.

Biomechanical Comparison of Kinematic and Mechanical Knee Alignment Techniques in a Computer Simulation Medial Pivot Total Knee Arthroplasty Model

2021 ◽  
Author(s):  
Young Dong Song ◽  
Shinichiro Nakamura ◽  
Shinichi Kuriyama ◽  
Kohei Nishitani ◽  
Hiromu Ito ◽  
...  
Keyword(s):  
Femoral Component ◽  
Knee Flexion ◽  
External Rotation ◽  
Knee Kinematics ◽  
Lateral Compartment ◽  
Contact Stresses ◽  
Contact Forces ◽  
Medial Compartment ◽  
Tibial Insert ◽  
Medial Pivot

AbstractSeveral concepts may be used to restore normal knee kinematics after total knee arthroplasty. One is a kinematically aligned (KA) technique, which restores the native joint line and limb alignment, and the other is the use of a medial pivot knee (MPK) design, with a ball and socket joint in the medial compartment. This study aimed to compare motions, contact forces, and contact stress between mechanically aligned (MA) and KA (medial tilt 3° [KA3] and 5° [KA5]) models in MPK. An MPK design was virtually implanted with MA, KA3, and KA5 in a validated musculoskeletal computer model of a healthy knee, and the simulation of motion and contact forces was implemented. Anteroposterior (AP) positions, mediolateral positions, external rotation angles of the femoral component relative to the tibial insert, and tibiofemoral contact forces were evaluated at different knee flexion angles. Contact stresses on the tibial insert were calculated using finite element analysis. The AP position at the medial compartment was consistent for all models. From 0° to 120°, the femoral component in KA models showed larger posterior movement at the lateral compartment (0.3, 6.8, and 17.7 mm in MA, KA3, and KA5 models, respectively) and larger external rotation (4.2°, 12.0°, and 16.8° in the MA, KA3, and KA5 models, respectively) relative to the tibial component. Concerning the mediolateral position of the femoral component, the KA5 model was positioned more medially. The contact forces at the lateral compartment of all models were larger than those at the medial compartment at >60° of knee flexion. The peak contact stresses on the tibiofemoral joint at 90° and 120° of knee flexion were higher in the KA models. However, the peak contact stresses of the KA models at every flexion angle were <20 MPa. The KA technique in MPK can successfully achieve near-normal knee kinematics; however, there may be a concern for higher contact stresses on the tibial insert.

The Effect of Dynamic Posterior Stabilization on Facet Joint Contact Forces

Spine ◽  
2008 ◽  
Vol 33 (1) ◽  
pp. 19-26 ◽  
Author(s):  
Christina A. Niosi ◽  
Derek C. Wilson ◽  
Qingan Zhu ◽  
Ory Keynan ◽  
David R. Wilson ◽  
...  
Keyword(s):  
Facet Joint ◽  
Contact Forces ◽  
Posterior Stabilization ◽  
Joint Contact

scholarly journals Anterior Cruciate Ligament Injury: Compensation during Gait using Hamstring Muscle Activity

2010 ◽  
Vol 4 (1) ◽  
pp. 99-106 ◽  
Author(s):  
Paola Formento Catalfamo ◽  
Gerardo Aguiar ◽  
Jorge Curi ◽  
Ariel Braidot
Keyword(s):  
Anterior Cruciate Ligament ◽  
Contact Force ◽  
Isometric Force ◽  
Cruciate Ligament ◽  
Contact Forces ◽  
Ligament Injury ◽  
Healthy Knee ◽  
Joint Contact ◽  
Maximum Isometric Force ◽  
Anterior Cruciate

Previous research has shown that an increase in hamstring activation may compensate for anterior tibial transalation (ATT) in patients with anterior cruciate ligament deficient knee (ACLd); however, the effects of this compensation still remain unclear. The goals of this study were to quantify the activation of the hamstring muscles needed to compensate the ATT in ACLd knee during the complete gait cycle and to evaluate the effect of this compensation on quadriceps activation and joint contact forces. A two dimensional model of the knee was used, which included the tibiofemoral and patellofemoral joints, knee ligaments, the medial capsule and two muscles units. Simulations were conducted to determine the ATT in healthy and ACLd knee and the hamstring activation needed to correct the abnormal ATT to normal levels (100% compensation) and to 50% compensation. Then, the quadriceps activation and the joint contact forces were calculated. Results showed that 100% compensation would require hamstring and quadriceps activations larger than their maximum isometric force, and would generate an increment in the peak contact force at the tibiofemoral (115%) and patellofemoral (48%) joint with respect to the healthy knee. On the other hand, 50% compensation would require less force generated by the muscles (less than 0.85 of maximum isometric force) and smaller contact forces (peak tibiofemoral contact force increased 23% and peak patellofemoral contact force decreased 7.5% with respect to the healthy knee). Total compensation of ATT by means of increased hamstring activity is possible; however, partial compensation represents a less deleterious strategy.

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