scholarly journals Determination of annulus fibrosus cell response to tensile strain as a function of duration, magnitude, and frequency

2011 ◽  
Vol 29 (8) ◽  
pp. 1275-1283 ◽  
Author(s):  
Gwendolyn Sowa ◽  
Paulo Coelho ◽  
Nam Vo ◽  
Ron Bedison ◽  
Andrew Chiao ◽  
...  
Keyword(s):  
Cell Response ◽  
Annulus Fibrosus ◽  
Tensile Strain ◽  
Annulus Fibrosus Cell ◽  
Duration Magnitude

Extracellular Signal-Regulated Kinase Inhibition Modulates Rat Annulus Fibrosus Cell Response to Interleukin-1

Spine ◽  
2013 ◽  
Vol 38 (17) ◽  
pp. E1075-E1081 ◽  
Author(s):  
Yuan Wei ◽  
Wu Zhi-hong ◽  
Qiu Gui-xing ◽  
Yu Bin ◽  
Chen Jun ◽  
...  
Keyword(s):  
Cell Response ◽  
Annulus Fibrosus ◽  
Interleukin 1 ◽  
Kinase Inhibition ◽  
Annulus Fibrosus Cell ◽  
Extracellular Signal Regulated Kinase ◽  
Extracellular Signal

Multi-Tier Tensile Strain Models for Strain-Based Design: Part 2 — Development and Formulation of Tensile Strain Capacity Models

2012 ◽  
Author(s):  
Ming Liu ◽  
Yong-Yi Wang ◽  
Yaxin Song ◽  
David Horsley ◽  
Steve Nanney
Keyword(s):  
Driving Force ◽  
Tensile Strain ◽  
Weld Strength ◽  
Experiment Data ◽  
Pipe Wall Thickness ◽  
Crack Driving Force ◽  
Strain Capacity ◽  
Welding Processes ◽  
Tensile Strain Capacity

This is the second paper in a three-paper series related to the development of tensile strain models. The fundamental basis of the models [1] and evaluation of the models against experiment data [2] are presented in two companion papers. This paper presents the structure and formulation of the models. The philosophy and development of the multi-tier tensile strain models are described. The tensile strain models are applicable for linepipe grades from X65 to X100 and two welding processes, i.e., mechanized GMAW and FCAW/SMAW. The tensile strain capacity (TSC) is given as a function of key material properties and weld and flaw geometric parameters, including pipe wall thickness, girth weld high-low misalignment, pipe strain hardening (Y/T ratio), weld strength mismatch, girth weld flaw size, toughness, and internal pressure. Two essential parts of the tensile strain models are the crack driving force and material’s toughness. This paper covers principally the crack driving force. The significance and determination of material’s toughness are covered in the companion papers [1,2].

scholarly journals Early differentation of lamellar structure of the intervertebral disc in staged human embryos

2015 ◽  
Vol 84 (3) ◽  
pp. 157-166
Author(s):  
Witold Woźniak ◽  
Małgorzata Grzymisławska ◽  
Joanna Łupicka ◽  
Małgorzata Bruska ◽  
Adam Piotrowski ◽  
...  
Keyword(s):  
Intervertebral Disc ◽  
Nucleus Pulposus ◽  
Annulus Fibrosus ◽  
Developmental Stages ◽  
Intervertebral Discs ◽  
Human Embryos ◽  
Lateral Zone ◽  
Vast Literature ◽  
Dense Zone

Introduction. In the vast literature concerning the development of the intervertebral discs controversies exist as to the period of differentiation and structure of the nucleus pulposus and annulus fibrosus. These controversies result from different determination of age of the investigated embryos. Aim. Using embryos from departmental collection age of which was established according to international Carnegie staging and expressed in postfertilizational days, the differentiation of the intervertebral discs was traced. Material and methods. Study was performed on 34 embryos at developmental stages 13–23 (32–56 days). Embryos were serially sectioned in sagittal, frontal and horizontal planes. Sections were stained with various histological methods and impregnated with silver.Results. Division of sclerotomes into loose cranial and dense caudal zones (sclerotomites) was observed in embryos aged 32 days (stage 13). The intervertebral disc developed from the dense zone of sclerotome and was well recognized in embryos aged 33 days (stage 14). At the end of fifth week (embryos at stage 15, 36 days) the annulus fibrosus and the nucleus pulposus were seen. The annulus fibrosus differentiated into lateral and medial zones. Within the lateral zone cells were arranged into circular rows. These rows were considered as the first stage of laminar structure. In further developmental stages the laminae occupied both zones of the annulus fibrosus.Conclusions. The intervertebral discs develop from the dense zone of the sclerotome which is evident in embryos at stage 13 (32 days). Discs differentiate in embryos aged 33 days, when the nucleus pulposus and annulus fibrosus are recognized. In embryos aged 36 days in the annulus fibrosus circular rows forming laminar arrangement are seen.

Differential effects of nicotine and tobacco smoke condensate on human annulus fibrosus cell metabolism

2011 ◽  
Vol 29 (10) ◽  
pp. 1585-1591 ◽  
Author(s):  
Nam Vo ◽  
Dong Wang ◽  
Gwendolyn Sowa ◽  
William Witt ◽  
Kevin Ngo ◽  
...  
Keyword(s):  
Tobacco Smoke ◽  
Annulus Fibrosus ◽  
Cell Metabolism ◽  
Annulus Fibrosus Cell ◽  
Differential Effects ◽  
Tobacco Smoke Condensate

scholarly journals Annulus fibrosus cell sheets limit disc degeneration in a rat annulus fibrosus injury model

JOR Spine ◽  
2019 ◽  
Vol 2 (2) ◽  
Author(s):  
Tadashi Nukaga ◽  
Daisuke Sakai ◽  
Jordy Schol ◽  
Masato Sato ◽  
Masahiko Watanabe
Keyword(s):  
Disc Degeneration ◽  
Annulus Fibrosus ◽  
Cell Sheets ◽  
Annulus Fibrosus Cell ◽  
Injury Model
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