Winter AOD trend changes over the Eastern Mediterranean and Middle East region

2021 ◽  
Author(s):  
Abdallah Shaheen ◽  
Renguang Wu ◽  
Jos Lelieveld ◽  
Robabeh Yousefi ◽  
Midyan Aldabash
Keyword(s):  
Middle East ◽  
Eastern Mediterranean ◽  
East Region ◽  
Middle East Region

scholarly journals Spatial and temporal patterns of recent and future climate extremes in the Eastern Mediterranean and Middle East region

2013 ◽  
Vol 1 (5) ◽  
pp. 4425-4444
Author(s):  
E. Kostopoulou ◽  
C. Giannakopoulos ◽  
M. Hatzaki ◽  
A. Karali ◽  
P. Hadjinicolaou ◽  
...  
Keyword(s):  
Middle East ◽  
21St Century ◽  
Climate Model ◽  
Eastern Mediterranean ◽  
Temporal Trends ◽  
Climate Extremes ◽  
Maximum Temperature ◽  
Area Of Interest ◽  
East Region ◽  
Middle East Region

Abstract. Recent and future changes in temperature and precipitation climate extremes are estimated using the Hadley Centre PRECIS climate model for the Eastern Mediterranean and Middle East region. The area of interest is considered vulnerable to extreme climate events as there is evidence for a temperature rise while precipitation tends to decline, suggesting likely effects on vital socioeconomic sectors in the region. Observations have been obtained for the recent period (1961–1990) and used to evaluate the model output. The spatial distribution of recent temporal trends in temperature indicates strong increasing in minimum temperature over the eastern Balkan Peninsula, Turkey and the Arabian Peninsula. The rate of warming reaches 0.4–0.5 °C decade−1 in a large part of the domain, while warming is expected to be strongest in summer (0.6–0.7 °C decade−1) in the E-Balkans and W-Turkey. The trends in annual and summer maximum temperature are estimated at approximately 0.5 and 0.6 °C decade−1. Recent estimates do not indicate statistically significant trends in precipitation except for individual sub-regions. Results indicate a future warming trend for the study area over the last 30 yr of the 21st century. Trends are estimated to be positive and statistically significant in nearly the entire region. The annual trend patterns for both minimum and maximum temperature show warming rates of approximately 0.4–0.6 °C decade−1, with pronounced warming over the Middle Eastern countries. Summer temperatures reveal a gradual warming (0.5–0.9 °C decade−1) over much of the region. The model projects drying trends by 5–30% in annual precipitation towards the end of the 21st century, with the number of wet days decreasing at the rate of 10–30 days yr−1, while heavy precipitation is likely to decrease in the high-elevation areas by 15 days yr−1.

Middle East

1998 ◽  
Vol 4 (3) ◽  
pp. 285-296 ◽  
Author(s):  
Raphael Raymond Bar-On
Keyword(s):  
Middle East ◽  
Eastern Mediterranean ◽  
Northern Africa ◽  
International Tourism ◽  
East Region ◽  
International Tourist ◽  
The World ◽  
World Tourism Organization ◽  
Tourism Organization ◽  
Middle East Region

The World Tourism Organization (WTO) reported 14.8 million international tourist arrivals (excluding day-visits) in its Middle East region in 1997, 4.9% above 1996, and 36.0 million in its ‘Expanded Middle East’ region (including Eastern Mediterranean and Northern Africa). Receipts reported from international tourism in the Middle East region totalled US$10 billion, 13% above 1996 (in current US$, including receipts from day-visitors, excluding International Fares) and US$24 billion in the ‘Expanded Middle East’ region. Tourist arrivals, receipts and hotel capacity are presented for 13 countries of the Middle East region and 9 related countries.

scholarly journals Spatio-temporal patterns of recent and future climate extremes in the eastern Mediterranean and Middle East region

2014 ◽  
Vol 14 (6) ◽  
pp. 1565-1577 ◽  
Author(s):  
E. Kostopoulou ◽  
C. Giannakopoulos ◽  
M. Hatzaki ◽  
A. Karali ◽  
P. Hadjinicolaou ◽  
...  
Keyword(s):  
Middle East ◽  
21St Century ◽  
Eastern Mediterranean ◽  
Temporal Trends ◽  
Climate Extremes ◽  
Maximum Temperature ◽  
Western Turkey ◽  
Area Of Interest ◽  
East Region ◽  
Middle East Region

Abstract. Recent and future changes in temperature and precipitation climate extremes are estimated using the Hadley Centre PRECIS ("Providing REgional Climates for Impacts Studies") climate model for the eastern Mediterranean and Middle East region. The area of interest is considered vulnerable to extreme climate events as there is evidence for a temperature rise while precipitation tends to decline, suggesting likely effects on vital socioeconomic sectors in the region. Observations have been obtained for the recent period (1961–1990) and used to evaluate the model output. The spatial distribution of recent temporal trends in temperature indicates strong increasing in minimum temperature over the eastern Balkan Peninsula, Turkey and the Arabian Peninsula. The rate of warming reaches 0.4–0.5 °C decade−1 in a large part of the domain, while warming is expected to be strongest in summer (0.6–0.7 °C decade−1) in the eastern Balkans and western Turkey. The trends in annual and summer maximum temperature are estimated at approximately 0.5 and 0.6 °C decade−1 respectively. Recent estimates do not indicate statistically significant trends in precipitation except for individual sub-regions. Results indicate a future warming trend for the study area over the last 30 years of the 21st century. Trends are estimated to be positive and statistically significant in nearly the entire region. The annual trend patterns for both minimum and maximum temperature show warming rates of approximately 0.4–0.6 °C decade−1, with pronounced warming over the Middle Eastern countries. Summer temperatures reveal a gradual warming (0.5–0.9 °C decade−1) over much of the region. The model projects drying trends by 5–30% in annual precipitation towards the end of the 21st century, with the number of wet days decreasing at the rate of 10–30 days year−1, while heavy precipitation is likely to decrease in the high-elevation areas by 15 days year−1.

In Quest of a Second Boom

2018 ◽  
Vol 11 (1-2) ◽  
pp. 257-278 ◽  
Author(s):  
Shirzad Azad
Keyword(s):  
Foreign Policy ◽  
Middle East ◽  
Crucial Role ◽  
Gulf Cooperation Council ◽  
East Region ◽  
Personal Motivation ◽  
Policy Measures ◽  
The Republic ◽  
Middle East Region ◽  
Different Parts

In spite of her troubled presidency at home and premature, ignominious exit from power, Park Geun-hye made serious attempts to bolster the main direction of the Republic of Korea’s (ROK) foreign policy toward the Middle East. A collaborative drive for accomplishing a new momentous boom was by and large a dominant and recurring theme in the Park government’s overall approach to the region. Park enjoyed both personal motivation as well as politico-economic justifications to push for such arduous yet potentially viable objective. Although the ROK’s yearning for a second boom in the Middle East was not ultimately accomplished under the Park presidency, nonetheless, the very aspiration played a crucial role in either rekindling or initiating policy measures in South Korea’s orientation toward different parts of a greater Middle East region, extending from the Gulf Cooperation Council (GCC) to Morocco.

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