scholarly journals On the changing relationship between North Pacific climate variability and synoptic activity over the Hawaiian Islands

2020 ◽  
Author(s):  
Oliver Elison Timm ◽  
Siyu Li ◽  
Jiping Liu ◽  
David W. Beilman
Keyword(s):  
Climate Variability ◽  
North Pacific ◽  
Hawaiian Islands ◽  
Pacific Climate Variability

Modeling of North Pacific Climate Variability Forced by Oceanic Heat Flux Anomalies

2001 ◽  
Vol 14 (20) ◽  
pp. 4027-4046 ◽  
Author(s):  
Elena Yulaeva ◽  
Niklas Schneider ◽  
David W. Pierce ◽  
Tim P. Barnett
Keyword(s):  
Heat Flux ◽  
Climate Variability ◽  
North Pacific ◽  
Oceanic Heat Flux ◽  
Pacific Climate Variability

scholarly journals Slowing down of North Pacific climate variability and its implications for abrupt ecosystem change

2015 ◽  
Vol 112 (37) ◽  
pp. 11496-11501 ◽  
Author(s):  
Chris A. Boulton ◽  
Timothy M. Lenton
Keyword(s):  
Climate Variability ◽  
Mixed Layer ◽  
North Pacific ◽  
Mixed Layer Depth ◽  
Marine Ecosystems ◽  
Climate Forcing ◽  
Ecosystem Change ◽  
Slowing Down ◽  
Pacific Climate Variability ◽  
Observational Record

Marine ecosystems are sensitive to stochastic environmental variability, with higher-amplitude, lower-frequency––i.e., “redder”––variability posing a greater threat of triggering large ecosystem changes. Here we show that fluctuations in the Pacific Decadal Oscillation (PDO) index have slowed down markedly over the observational record (1900–present), as indicated by a robust increase in autocorrelation. This “reddening” of the spectrum of climate variability is also found in regionally averaged North Pacific sea surface temperatures (SSTs), and can be at least partly explained by observed deepening of the ocean mixed layer. The progressive reddening of North Pacific climate variability has important implications for marine ecosystems. Ecosystem variables that respond linearly to climate forcing will have become prone to much larger variations over the observational record, whereas ecosystem variables that respond nonlinearly to climate forcing will have become prone to more frequent “regime shifts.” Thus, slowing down of North Pacific climate variability can help explain the large magnitude and potentially the quick succession of well-known abrupt changes in North Pacific ecosystems in 1977 and 1989. When looking ahead, despite model limitations in simulating mixed layer depth (MLD) in the North Pacific, global warming is robustly expected to decrease MLD. This could potentially reverse the observed trend of slowing down of North Pacific climate variability and its effects on marine ecosystems.

scholarly journals Numerical Investigations of Seasonal and Interannual Variability of North Pacific Subtropical Mode Water and Its Implications for Pacific Climate Variability

2011 ◽  
Vol 24 (11) ◽  
pp. 2648-2665 ◽  
Author(s):  
Xujing Jia Davis ◽  
Lewis M. Rothstein ◽  
William K. Dewar ◽  
Dimitris Menemenlis
Keyword(s):  
Climate Variability ◽  
Interannual Variability ◽  
Time Scales ◽  
North Pacific ◽  
Upper Ocean ◽  
North Pacific Subtropical Gyre ◽  
Mode Water ◽  
Subtropical Mode Water ◽  
Basin Scale ◽  
Pacific Climate Variability

Abstract North Pacific Subtropical Mode Water (NPSTMW) is an essential feature of the North Pacific subtropical gyre imparting significant influence on regional SST evolution on seasonal and longer time scales and, as such, is an important component of basin-scale North Pacific climate variability. This study examines the seasonal-to-interannual variability of NPSTMW, the physical processes responsible for this variability, and the connections between NPSTMW and basin-scale climate signals using an eddy-permitting 1979–2006 ocean simulation made available by the Estimating the Circulation and Climate of the Ocean, Phase II (ECCO2). The monthly mean seasonal cycle of NPSTMW in the simulation exhibits three distinct phases: (i) formation during November–March, (ii) isolation during March–June, and (iii) dissipation during June–November—each corresponding to significant changes in upper-ocean structure. An interannual signal is also evident in NPSTMW volume and other characteristic properties with volume minima occurring in 1979, 1988, and 1999. This volume variability is correlated with the Pacific decadal oscillation (PDO) with zero time lag. Further analyses demonstrate the connection of NPSTMW to the basin-scale ocean circulation. With this, modulations of upper-ocean structure driven by the varying strength and position of the westerlies as well as the regional air–sea heat flux pattern are seen to contribute to the variability of NPSTMW volume on interannual time scales.

scholarly journals Data-driven prediction strategies for low-frequency patterns of North Pacific climate variability

2016 ◽  
Vol 48 (5-6) ◽  
pp. 1855-1872 ◽  
Author(s):  
Darin Comeau ◽  
Zhizhen Zhao ◽  
Dimitrios Giannakis ◽  
Andrew J. Majda
Keyword(s):  
Climate Variability ◽  
North Pacific ◽  
Low Frequency ◽  
Data Driven ◽  
Pacific Climate Variability

scholarly journals Persistent millennial‐scale climate variability in the eastern tropical North Pacific over the last two glacial cycles

2015 ◽  
Vol 30 (6) ◽  
pp. 682-701 ◽  
Author(s):  
Elsa Arellano‐Torres ◽  
Raja S. Ganeshram ◽  
Laetitia E. Pichevin ◽  
David Alberto Salas‐de‐Leon
Keyword(s):  
Climate Variability ◽  
North Pacific ◽  
Glacial Cycles ◽  
Millennial Scale

Analysis of the interannual variability in satellite gravity solutions : impact of climate modes on water mass displacements across continents and oceans

2021 ◽  
Author(s):  
Julia Pfeffer ◽  
Anny Cazenave ◽  
Anne Barnoud
Keyword(s):  
Climate Variability ◽  
Mass Transport ◽  
Interannual Variability ◽  
North Atlantic ◽  
North Pacific ◽  
Water Mass ◽  
Water Cycle ◽  
Satellite Gravity ◽  
Climate Modes ◽  
Shallow Seas

<p>The acquisition of time-lapse satellite gravity measurements during the GRACE and GRACE Follow On (FO) missions revolutionized our understanding of the Earth system, through the accurate quantification of the mass transport at global and regional scales. Largely related to the water cycle, along with some geophysical signals, decadal trends and seasonal cycles dominate the mass transport signals, constituting about 80 % of the total variability measured during GRACE (FO) missions. We focus here on the interannual variability, constituting the remaining 20 % of the signal, once linear trends and seasonal signals have been removed. Empirical orthogonal functions (EOFs) highlight the most prominent signals, including short-lived signals triggered by major earthquakes, interannual oscillations in the water cycle driven by the El Nino Southern Oscillation (ENSO) and significant decadal variability, potentially related to the Pacific Decadal Oscillation (PDO). The interpretation of such signals remains however limited due to the arbitrary nature of the statistical decomposition in eigen values. To overcome these limitations, we performed a LASSO (Least Absolute Shrinkage and Selection Operator) regression of eight climate indices, including ENSO, PDO, NPGO (North Pacific Gyre Oscillation), NAO (North Atlantic Oscillation), AO (Arctic Oscillation), AMO (Atlantic Multidecadal Oscillation), SAM (Southern Annular Mode) and IOD (Indian Ocean Dipole). The LASSO regularization, coupled with a cross-validation, proves to be remarkably successful in the automatic selection of relevant predictors of the climate variability for any geographical location in the world. As expected, ENSO and PDO impact the global water cycle both on land and in the ocean. The NPGO is also a major actor of the global climate, showing similarities with the PDO in the North Pacific. AO is generally favored over NAO, especially in the Mediteranean Sea and North Atlantic. SAM has a preponderant influence on the interannual variability of ocean bottom pressures in the Southern Ocean, and, in association with ENSO, modulates the interannual variability of ice mass loss in West Antarctica. AMO has a strong influence on the interannual water cycle along the Amazon river, due to the exchange of moisture in tropical regions. IOD has little to no impact on the interannual water cycle. All together, climate modes generate changes in the water mass distribution of about 100 mm for land, 50 mm for shallow seas and 15 mm for oceans. Climate modes account for a secondary but significant portion of the total interannual variability (at maximum 60% for shallow seas, 50 % for land and 40% for oceans). While such processes are insufficient to fully explain the complex nature of the interannual variability of water mass transport on a global scale, climate modes can be used to correct the GRACE (FO) measurements for a significant part of the natural climate variability and uncover smaller signals masked by such water mass transports.</p>

On the westward shift of tropical Pacific climate variability since 2000

2019 ◽  
Vol 53 (5-6) ◽  
pp. 2905-2918 ◽  
Author(s):  
Xiaofan Li ◽  
Zeng-Zhen Hu ◽  
Emily Becker
Keyword(s):  
Climate Variability ◽  
Tropical Pacific ◽  
Pacific Climate Variability
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