Projected changes in extreme precipitation characteristics for Central Eastern Germany (21st century, model-based analysis)

2014 ◽  
Vol 35 (10) ◽  
pp. 2724-2734 ◽  
Author(s):  
Susann Schwarzak ◽  
Stephanie Hänsel ◽  
Jörg Matschullat
Keyword(s):  
21St Century ◽  
Extreme Precipitation ◽  
Century Model ◽  
Eastern Germany ◽  
Model Based ◽  
Precipitation Characteristics ◽  
Central Eastern ◽  
Projected Changes ◽  
Model Based Analysis

Projected changes in extreme precipitation over eastern Asia in the 21st century

2019 ◽  
Vol 40 (8) ◽  
pp. 3701-3713
Author(s):  
Chenghai Wang ◽  
Danyang Cui ◽  
Jerasorn Santisirisomboon
Keyword(s):  
21St Century ◽  
Extreme Precipitation ◽  
Eastern Asia ◽  
Projected Changes

scholarly journals The development of being a professional teacher in the 21st -century model based on the ethics of profession with Buddhism integration

2020 ◽  
Vol 7 (1) ◽  
Author(s):  
Chananporn Areekul
Keyword(s):  
21St Century ◽  
Curriculum Design ◽  
Creative Thinking ◽  
Goodness Of Fit ◽  
Thinking Skills ◽  
Learning Activity ◽  
Century Model ◽  
Thinking Skill ◽  
Model Based ◽  
Professional Teacher

The purpose is to develop being a professional teacher in the 21st century model based on the ethics of profession with Buddhism integration. The data were collected from 265 teachers and 20 experts. The instruments were questionnaires and data were analysed by confirmatory factor analysis. The model consisted of (1) the instruction: the 21st century educational philosophy, the curriculum design skill, the educational innovation skill in the classroom, the learning activity management skill, the learning evaluation skill and the classroom action research skill; (2) the ethics of profession for: a person, profession, clients, co-professionals and society; (3) the thinking skills: analytical thinking skill, synthesis thinking skill, critical thinking skill, comparative thinking skill, problem-solving thinking skill and creative thinking skill; and (4) the Buddhist principles: Desana 2, Patisambhida 4, Pamana 4, Desanavidhi 4, Dhammadesaka-dhamma 5, Bahussutanga 5, Anupubbikatha 5 and Kalyanamitta-dhamma 7. The model’s goodness-of-fit indexes were satisfactory, right and coherent. Keywords: Buddhism, ethics, profession, teacher, the 21st century.

Projected changes in extreme precipitation events over Iran in the 21st century based on CMIP5 models

2020 ◽  
Vol 82 ◽  
pp. 75-95
Author(s):  
M Darand
Keyword(s):  
21St Century ◽  
Extreme Precipitation ◽  
Model Simulation ◽  
Climate Extremes ◽  
Cmip5 Models ◽  
Trend Test ◽  
Extreme Precipitation Events ◽  
Increased Risk ◽  
Projected Changes ◽  
Precipitation Events

Climate extremes have large impacts on human societies and natural ecosystems. Projection of changes in climate extremes is very important for long-term planning. The current study investigated future changes in extreme precipitation events over Iran based on 18 CMIP5 models for the period 2006-2100. National gridded data from the Asfazari database were used to evaluate climate model simulation. Results indicate that models with higher spatial resolution (CCSM4 and MRI-CGCM3) perform better than those with lower resolution in capturing the spatial features of extreme precipitation events. Bias correction was applied to the models and the projected changes were assessed with the nonparametric modified Mann-Kendal trend test and Sen slope estimator at a 95% confidence level. Annual total precipitation (PRPCTOT) and rainy days (RD) were projected to decrease but the intensity and frequency of precipitation extremes were predicted to increase significantly. The projected decreases were larger in northwestern parts than other regions, with PRPCTOT decreasing by 18 to 22 mm decade-1 and RD by 4 to 4.8 d decade-1. Although there were discrepancies in rates between the models, extreme precipitation events over Iran were generally projected to increase. An increase in consecutive dry days (CDD) was predicted for most regions by the end of the 21st century under RCP8.5, with the largest increase of 5 to 6.8 d decade-1 found for northwestern Iran. In eastern areas of Iran, where precipitation occurs extremely rarely, the number of days with daily precipitation exceeding 10 mm (R10) or even 20 mm (R20) were projected to increase significantly. In conclusion, these changes suggest an increased risk of flash floods in Iran from increased extreme precipitation under the RCP8.5 emission scenario.

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