Cerebellar spongiform degeneration is accompanied by metabolic, cellular, and motor disruption in male rats with portacaval anastomosis

2021 ◽  
Author(s):  
Mayra López‐Cervantes ◽  
Andrés Quintanar‐Stephano ◽  
Sarael Alcauter‐Solórzano ◽  
Rogelio Hernández‐Pando ◽  
Raúl Aguilar‐Roblero ◽  
...  
Keyword(s):  
Male Rats ◽  
Portacaval Anastomosis ◽  
Spongiform Degeneration

Postoperative course after portacaval anastomosis in rats is determined by the portacaval pressure gradient

1991 ◽  
Vol 261 (6) ◽  
pp. G1072-G1078 ◽  
Author(s):  
D. L. Coy ◽  
A. Srivastava ◽  
J. Gottstein ◽  
R. F. Butterworth ◽  
A. T. Blei
Keyword(s):  
Weight Gain ◽  
Inferior Vena Cava ◽  
Portal Vein ◽  
Pressure Gradient ◽  
Inferior Vena ◽  
Vena Cava ◽  
Systemic Circulation ◽  
Male Rats ◽  
Portacaval Anastomosis ◽  
Cyanoacrylate Glue

Variability in experimental results have led to criticism regarding the validity of the rat after portacaval anastomosis (PCA) as a model of changes induced by portal-systemic shunting (PSS). A nonsuture technique using cyanoacrylate glue has been reported to yield a better experimental preparation. To investigate if variations in splanchnic hemodynamics could explain different outcomes after the procedure, male rats received either an end-to-side PCA or sham operations (16 rats each). The PCA was constructed using the "suture" or "glue" technique (8 rats each). Beginning on postoperative day 24 under methoxyflurane and ketamine anesthesia, pressures were recorded from the portal vein, inferior vena cava, and femoral artery. Blood flow to the splanchnic organs and the percent PSS were assessed using the microsphere technique. The rate of delivery of NH3 from the portal vein to the systemic circulation and the concentration of glutamine in the cerebrospinal fluid were determined. In PCA rats, weight gain was significantly impaired, and all animals had evidence of liver atrophy (in both suture and glue groups) when compared with sham animals; a trend toward greater weight gain was seen in glue rats. Portal vein inflow, PSS, NH3 delivery, and CSF glutamine were significantly increased in both PCA-suture and PCA-glue animals compared with sham rats, although no significant differences were seen between the two PCA techniques. When PCA rats from either technique were grouped according to the pressure gradient between portal vein and inferior vena cava, striking differences between animals were now evident.(ABSTRACT TRUNCATED AT 250 WORDS)

Inhibition of aromatase improves nutritional status following portacaval anastomosis in male rats

2006 ◽  
Vol 45 (2) ◽  
pp. 214-220 ◽  
Author(s):  
Srinivasan Dasarathy ◽  
Kevin D. Mullen ◽  
Milan Dodig ◽  
Barbara Donofrio ◽  
Arthur J. McCullough
Keyword(s):  
Nutritional Status ◽  
Male Rats ◽  
Portacaval Anastomosis

EFFECT OF PORTACAVAL ANASTOMOSIS AND CHRONIC UNDERFEEDING ON THE HYPOTHALAMIC-PITUITARY-GONADAL AXIS IN THE RAT

1981 ◽  
Vol 88 (1) ◽  
pp. 39-47 ◽  
Author(s):  
S. R. MILLIGAN ◽  
G. S. SARNA
Keyword(s):  
Negative Feedback ◽  
Gonadal Steroids ◽  
Testicular Atrophy ◽  
Male Rats ◽  
Portacaval Anastomosis ◽  
Increased Sensitivity ◽  
Hypothalamic Pituitary Axis ◽  
Diet Intake ◽  
Lh Rh ◽  
Lh Releasing Hormone

Portacaval anastomosis (PCA) in the rat may be a useful experimental model for examining endocrine changes that occur during cirrhosis of the liver. A marked reduction in diet intake and body weight occurs in rats after establishing the shunt and studies were undertaken to determine the relationship of these effects to the testicular atrophy that also follows PCA. Control, sham-operated animals, experiencing a reduction in food intake similar to that of the animals with a PCA, showed reduced plasma levels of LH and testosterone but also exhibited a marked testicular response to LH. This was consistent with increased sensitivity of the hypothalamic-pituitary axis to the negative feedback of gonadal steroids in chronically underfed animals. Male rats with a PCA exhibited similarly reduced levels of LH and testosterone, but showed poor secretory responses of the pituitary gland to LH releasing hormone (LH-RH) and of the testis to LH. Testicular atrophy and cessation of spermatogenesis occurred in the animals with a PCA. These results suggested that the effects of PCA on the pituitary-gonadal axis cannot simply be explained as a consequence of the restricted intake of diet. This was confirmed by the responses to castration. In both fed and underfed sham-operated rats, castration resulted in a rapid and sustained increase in plasma LH and both groups showed a marked LH secretory response to LH-RH. In contrast, in animals with a PCA castration had little effect on plasma LH and the pituitary response to LH-RH was still poor. The effects of PCA cannot be simply explained by impeded metabolism of gonadal steroids causing increased negative feedback on the hypothalamic-pituitary axis.

The Morphology of the Rat Kidney Following Folic Acid Administration

1970 ◽  
Vol 28 ◽  
pp. 200-201
Author(s):  
Aline Byrnes ◽  
Elsa E. Ramos ◽  
Minoru Suzuki ◽  
E.D. Mayfield
Keyword(s):  
Folic Acid ◽  
De Novo ◽  
Specific Activity ◽  
Rat Kidney ◽  
Present Report ◽  
Intracellular Localization ◽  
Male Rats ◽  
Renal Hypertrophy ◽  
Electron Microscopic ◽  
Biochemical Alterations

Renal hypertrophy was induced in 100 g male rats by the injection of 250 mg folic acid (FA) dissolved in 0.3 M NaHCO3/kg body weight (i.v.). Preliminary studies of the biochemical alterations in ribonucleic acid (RNA) metabolism of the renal tissue have been reported recently (1). They are: RNA content and concentration, orotic acid-c14 incorporation into RNA and acid soluble nucleotide pool, intracellular localization of the newly synthesized RNA, and the specific activity of enzymes of the de novo pyrimidine biosynthesis pathway. The present report describes the light and electron microscopic observations in these animals. For light microscopy, kidney slices were fixed in formalin, embedded, sectioned, and stained with H & E and PAS.

Fine Structural Changes in the Adenohypophyses of Rats Following Destruction of the Pituitary Stalk

1977 ◽  
Vol 35 ◽  
pp. 496-497
Author(s):  
K. Kovacs ◽  
E. Horvath ◽  
J. M. Bilbao ◽  
F. A. Laszlo ◽  
I. Domokos
Keyword(s):  
Structural Changes ◽  
Tissue Injury ◽  
Anterior Lobe ◽  
Uranyl Acetate ◽  
Male Rats ◽  
Pituitary Stalk ◽  
Sequence Of Events ◽  
Pituitary Glands ◽  
Electrolytic Lesions ◽  
Ultrathin Sections

Electrolytic lesions of the pituitary stalk in rats interrupt adenohypophysial blood flow and result in massive infarction of the anterior lobe. In order to obtain a deeper insight into the morphogenesis of tissue injury and to reveal the sequence of events, a fine structural investigation was undertaken on adenohypophyses of rats at various intervals following destruction of the pituitary stalk.The pituitary stalk was destroyed electrolytically, with a Horsley-Clarke apparatus on 27 male rats of the R-Amsterdam strain, weighing 180-200 g. Thirty minutes, 1,2,4,6 and 24 hours after surgery the animals were perfused with a glutaraldehyde-formalin solution. The skulls were then opened and the pituitary glands removed. The anterior lobes were fixed in glutaraldehyde-formalin solution, postfixed in osmium tetroxide and embedded in Durcupan. Ultrathin sections were stained with uranyl acetate and lead citrate and investigated with a Philips 300 electron microscope.

Ultrastructural Localization of Acetylcholinesterase in the Arcuate Nucleus and Median Eminence of the Rat

1977 ◽  
Vol 35 ◽  
pp. 440-441
Author(s):  
K.A. Carson ◽  
C.B. Nemeroff ◽  
M.S. Rone ◽  
J.S. Kizer ◽  
J.S. Hanker
Keyword(s):  
Choline Acetyltransferase ◽  
Median Eminence ◽  
Arcuate Nucleus ◽  
Cholinergic Neurons ◽  
Ultrastructural Localization ◽  
Male Rats ◽  
Neonatal Rats ◽  
Good Marker ◽  
Chemical Studies ◽  
High Doses

Biochemical, physiological, pharmacological, and more recently enzyme histo- chemical data have indicated that cholinergic circuits exist in the hypothalamus. Ultrastructural correlates of these pathways such as acetylcholinesterase (AchE) positive neurons in the arcuate nucleus (ARC) and stained terminals in the median eminence (ME) have yet to be described. Initial studies in our laboratories utilizing chemical lesioning and microdissection techniques coupled with microchemical and light microscopic enzyme histo- chemical studies suggested the existence of cholinergic neurons in the ARC which project to the ME (1). Furthermore, in adult male rats with Halasz deafferentations (hypothalamic islands composed primarily of the isolated ARC and the ME) choline acetyltransferase (ChAc) activity, a good marker for cholinergic neurons, was not significantly reduced in the ME and was only somewhat reduced in the ARC (2). Treatment of neonatal rats with high doses of monosodium 1-glutamate (MSG) results in a lesion largely restricted to the neurons of the ARC.

The ultrastructure of acinar cells in the external orbital gland of young and old male rats

1978 ◽  
Vol 36 (2) ◽  
pp. 276-277
Author(s):  
R. Carriere
Keyword(s):  
Young Adulthood ◽  
Acinar Cells ◽  
Cell Number ◽  
Male Rats ◽  
Polyploid Cell ◽  
Secretory Cells ◽  
Age Changes ◽  
Albino Rat ◽  
Golgi Membranes ◽  
Diploid Cells

The external orbital gland of the albino rat exhibits both sexual dimorphism and histological age changes. In males, many cells attain a remarkable degree of polyploidy and an increase of polyploid cell number constitutes the major age change until young adulthood. The acini of young adults have a small lumen and are composed of tall serous cells. Subsequently, many acini acquire a larger lumen with an irregular outline while numerous vacuoles accumulate throughout the secretory cells. At the same time, vesicular acini with a large lumen surrounded by pale-staining low cuboidal diploid cells begin to appear and their number increases throughout old age. The fine structure of external orbital glands from both sexes has been explored and in considering acinar cells from males, emphasis was given to the form of the Golgi membranes and to nuclear infoldings of cytoplasmic constituents.

The Effect of Androgen Depletion and Replacement on the Epithelium of the Seminal Vesicle of the Aging Rat

1975 ◽  
Vol 33 ◽  
pp. 590-591
Author(s):  
Venita F. Allison
Keyword(s):  
Cell Proliferation ◽  
Seminal Vesicle ◽  
Male Rats ◽  
Target Cells ◽  
Cell Regeneration ◽  
Secretory Function ◽  
Electron Microscopic ◽  
Aging Rat ◽  
Microscopic Studies ◽  
Androgen Depletion

In 1930, Moore, Hughes and Gallager reported that after castration seminal vesicle epithelial cell atrophy occurred and that cell regeneration could be achieved with daily injections of testis extract. Electron microscopic studies have confirmed those observations and have shown that testosterone injections restore the epithelium of the seminal vesicle in adult castrated male rats. Studies concerned with the metabolism of androgens point out that dihydrotestosterone stimulates cell proliferation and that other metabolites of testosterone probably influence secretory function in certain target cells.Although the influence of androgens on adult seminal vesicle epithelial cytology is well documented, little is known of the effect of androgen depletion and replacement on those cells in aging animals. The present study is concerned with the effect of castration and testosterone injection on the epithelium of the seminal vesicle of aging rats.

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