scholarly journals Conditional deletion of histone deacetylase-4 in the central nervous system has no major effect on brain architecture or neuronal viability

2012 ◽  
Vol 91 (3) ◽  
pp. 407-415 ◽  
Author(s):  
Valerie Price ◽  
Lulu Wang ◽  
Santosh R. D'Mello
Keyword(s):  
Central Nervous System ◽  
Nervous System ◽  
Histone Deacetylase ◽  
Major Effect ◽  
Neuronal Viability ◽  
Conditional Deletion ◽  
Histone Deacetylase 4 ◽  
The Central Nervous System ◽  
Brain Architecture

scholarly journals Intracellular distribution of pentobarbital sodium in rat brain

1958 ◽  
Author(s):  
◽  
Carol Jean Oen
Keyword(s):  
Central Nervous System ◽  
Nervous System ◽  
Rat Brain ◽  
Major Effect ◽  
Cellular Component ◽  
Intracellular Distribution ◽  
Brain Cells ◽  
Pentobarbital Sodium ◽  
The Central Nervous System ◽  
The Way

"The major effect of the barbiturates is depression of the central nervous system, but the way in which these drugs exert their effect is not yet well understood...As the biochemical functions of the cell and its various parts become better understood, it is of interest to relate the actions of t a drug to some particular function (Reiner and Gellhorn, 1956). If it were found that barbiturate were localized by a particular cellular component, this might mean that its effect was rendered through some function of that particular component. Consequently, this study was undertaken to determine the intracellular distribution of a particular barbiturate, pentobarbital sodium, within rat brain cells."--Introduction

Testing Aβ toxicity on primary CNS cultures using drug-screening microfluidic chips

Lab on a Chip ◽  
2014 ◽  
Vol 14 (15) ◽  
pp. 2860-2866 ◽  
Author(s):  
A. Ruiz ◽  
P. Joshi ◽  
R. Mastrangelo ◽  
M. Francolini ◽  
C. Verderio ◽  
...  
Keyword(s):  
Central Nervous System ◽  
Nervous System ◽  
Drug Screening ◽  
Primary Cultures ◽  
Beta Amyloid ◽  
Microfluidic Chips ◽  
Neuronal Viability ◽  
The Central Nervous System ◽  
Amyloid P ◽  
Neuroprotective Action

Neuronal viability tests performed in primary cultures and co-cultures of the central nervous system grown on microfluidic drug screening chips show a neuroprotective action of FTY720 in cultures degenerated by oligomeric beta amyloid.

scholarly journals Impaired αVβ8 and TGFβ signaling lead to microglial dysmaturation and neuromotor dysfunction

2019 ◽  
Vol 216 (4) ◽  
pp. 900-915 ◽  
Author(s):  
Thomas D. Arnold ◽  
Carlos O. Lizama ◽  
Kelly M. Cautivo ◽  
Nicolas Santander ◽  
Lucia Lin ◽  
...  
Keyword(s):  
Central Nervous System ◽  
Nervous System ◽  
Brain Development ◽  
Neurodevelopmental Disorders ◽  
Tgfβ Signaling ◽  
Critical Determinant ◽  
Conditional Deletion ◽  
Stepwise Development ◽  
The Central Nervous System

Microglia play a pivotal role in the coordination of brain development and have emerged as a critical determinant in the progression of neurodegenerative diseases; however, the role of microglia in the onset and progression of neurodevelopmental disorders is less clear. Here we show that conditional deletion of αVβ8 from the central nervous system (Itgb8ΔCNS mice) blocks microglia in their normal stepwise development from immature precursors to mature microglia. These “dysmature” microglia appear to result from reduced TGFβ signaling during a critical perinatal window, are distinct from microglia with induced reduction in TGFβ signaling during adulthood, and directly cause a unique neurodevelopmental syndrome characterized by oligodendrocyte maturational arrest, interneuron loss, and spastic neuromotor dysfunction. Consistent with this, early (but not late) microglia depletion completely reverses this phenotype. Together, these data identify novel roles for αVβ8 and TGFβ signaling in coordinating microgliogenesis with brain development and implicate abnormally programmed microglia or their products in human neurodevelopmental disorders that share this neuropathology.

scholarly journals Activation of Latent Human Immunodeficiency Virus by the Histone Deacetylase Inhibitor Panobinostat: A Pilot Study to Assess Effects on the Central Nervous System

2015 ◽  
Vol 2 (1) ◽  
Author(s):  
Thomas A. Rasmussen ◽  
Martin Tolstrup ◽  
Holger Jon Møller ◽  
Christel R. Brinkmann ◽  
Rikke Olesen ◽  
...  
Keyword(s):  
Central Nervous System ◽  
Human Immunodeficiency Virus ◽  
Nervous System ◽  
Histone Deacetylase ◽  
Histone Deacetylase Inhibitor ◽  
Csf Biomarkers ◽  
Hiv Rna ◽  
Deacetylase Inhibitor ◽  
Immunodeficiency Virus ◽  
The Central Nervous System

Abstract In a substudy of a clinical trial, we assessed whether activation of latent human immunodeficiency virus (HIV) by the histone deacetylase inhibitor panobinostat had detrimental effects on the central nervous system (CNS). Adults infected with HIV received oral panobinostat 20 mg 3 times per week every other week for 8 weeks. In cerebrospinal fluid (CSF), we assayed panobinostat concentration, HIV RNA, and the level of neuroinflammatory or degenerative biomarkers in 11 individuals before and during study therapy. Neither panobinostat nor HIV RNA was detected in CSF. In addition, there was no change from baseline in CSF biomarkers. Thus, panobinostat administration was not associated with CNS adverse effects as assessed by CSF biomarkers.

Effects of Hyperoxia on Lung Utrastructure

1970 ◽  
Vol 28 ◽  
pp. 26-27
Author(s):  
Gladys Harrison
Keyword(s):  
Central Nervous System ◽  
Nervous System ◽  
Light Microscopy ◽  
Oxygen Effects ◽  
Age Dependent ◽  
The Central Nervous System ◽  
The Subject ◽  
Space Age ◽  
Alveolar Septa ◽  
Extensive Damage

With the advent of the space age and the need to determine the requirements for a space cabin atmosphere, oxygen effects came into increased importance, even though these effects have been the subject of continuous research for many years. In fact, Priestly initiated oxygen research when in 1775 he published his results of isolating oxygen and described the effects of breathing it on himself and two mice, the only creatures to have had the “privilege” of breathing this “pure air”.Early studies had demonstrated the central nervous system effects at pressures above one atmosphere. Light microscopy revealed extensive damage to the lungs at one atmosphere. These changes which included perivascular and peribronchial edema, focal hemorrhage, rupture of the alveolar septa, and widespread edema, resulted in death of the animal in less than one week. The severity of the symptoms differed between species and was age dependent, with young animals being more resistant.

Emigration of neutrophils in the central nervous system

1983 ◽  
Vol 41 ◽  
pp. 788-789
Author(s):  
John L.Beggs ◽  
John D. Waggener ◽  
Wanda Miller ◽  
Jane Watkins
Keyword(s):  
Central Nervous System ◽  
Nervous System ◽  
Osmium Tetroxide ◽  
White Blood Cells ◽  
Arterial Perfusion ◽  
E Coli ◽  
Intracisternal Injection ◽  
The Central Nervous System ◽  
Brain And Spinal Cord ◽  
Interendothelial Junctions

Studies using mesenteric and ear chamber preparations have shown that interendothelial junctions provide the route for neutrophil emigration during inflammation. The term emigration refers to the passage of white blood cells across the endothelium from the vascular lumen. Although the precise pathway of transendo- thelial emigration in the central nervous system (CNS) has not been resolved, the presence of different physiological and morphological (tight junctions) properties of CNS endothelium may dictate alternate emigration pathways.To study neutrophil emigration in the CNS, we induced meningitis in guinea pigs by intracisternal injection of E. coli bacteria.In this model, leptomeningeal inflammation is well developed by 3 hr. After 3 1/2 hr, animals were sacrificed by arterial perfusion with 3% phosphate buffered glutaraldehyde. Tissues from brain and spinal cord were post-fixed in 1% osmium tetroxide, dehydrated in alcohols and propylene oxide, and embedded in Epon. Thin serial sections were cut with diamond knives and examined in a Philips 300 electron microscope.

Mammalian Bone Marrow Acetylcholinesterase

1982 ◽  
Vol 40 ◽  
pp. 44-45
Author(s):  
Ezzatollah Keyhani
Keyword(s):  
Central Nervous System ◽  
Bone Marrow ◽  
Nervous System ◽  
Common Property ◽  
Extracellular Medium ◽  
The Central Nervous System ◽  
The Common ◽  
Mammalian Bone

Acetylcholinesterase (EC 3.1.1.7) (ACHE) has been localized at cholinergic junctions both in the central nervous system and at the periphery and it functions in neurotransmission. ACHE was also found in other tissues without involvement in neurotransmission, but exhibiting the common property of transporting water and ions. This communication describes intracellular ACHE in mammalian bone marrow and its secretion into the extracellular medium.

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