Electrical stimulation promotes the survival of oligodendrocytes in mixed cortical cultures

2011 ◽  
Vol 90 (1) ◽  
pp. 72-83 ◽  
Author(s):  
Devin S. Gary ◽  
Misti Malone ◽  
Paul Capestany ◽  
Thierry Houdayer ◽  
John W. McDonald
Keyword(s):  
Electrical Stimulation ◽  
Cortical Cultures ◽  
Mixed Cortical Cultures

scholarly journals TACE/ADAM17–TNF-α Pathway in Rat Cortical Cultures after Exposure to Oxygen–Glucose Deprivation or Glutamate

2002 ◽  
Vol 22 (5) ◽  
pp. 576-585 ◽  
Author(s):  
Olivia Hurtado ◽  
Ignacio Lizasoain ◽  
Paz Fernández-Tomé ◽  
Alberto Álvarez-Barrientos ◽  
Juan C. Leza ◽  
...  
Keyword(s):  
Transcription Factor ◽  
Glucose Deprivation ◽  
Microglial Cells ◽  
Oxygen Glucose Deprivation ◽  
Tnf Α ◽  
Cortical Cultures ◽  
Rat Forebrain ◽  
Necrosis Factor ◽  
Mixed Cortical Cultures

The role of the tumor necrosis factor (TNF)-α convertase (TACE/ADAM17) in the adult nervous system remains poorly understood. The authors have previously demonstrated that TACE is upregulated in rat forebrain slices exposed to oxygen–glucose deprivation (OGD). They have now used rat mixed cortical cultures exposed to OGD or glutamate to study (1) TACE expression and localization, and (2) the effects of TNF-α release on cell viability. OGD- or glutamate-caused TNF-α release, an effect that was blocked by the TACE inhibitor BB3103 (BB) (0.1–1 μmol/L; control: 1.67 ± 0.59; OGD: 6.59 ± 1.52; glutamate: 3.38 ± 0.66; OGD ± BB0.1: 3.23 ± 0.67; OGD ± BB1: 1.33 ± 0.22 pg/mL, n = 6, P < 0.05). Assay of TACE activity as well as Western blot showed that TACE expression is increased in OGD- or glutamate-exposed cells. In control cultures, TACE immunoreactivity was present in some microglial cells, whereas, after OGD or glutamate, TACE immunostaining appeared in most microglial cells and in some astrocytes. Conversely, BB3103 (0.1 μmol/L) caused apoptosis after glutamate exposure as shown by annexin and Hoechst 33342 staining and caspase-3 activity, an effect mimicked by the proteasome inhibitor MG-132 (caspase activity: glutamate: 5.1 ± 0.1; glutamate + BB: 7.8 ± 0.8; glutamate + MG: 11.9 ± 0.5 pmol · min−1 mg−1 protein, n = 4, P < 0.05), suggesting that translocation of the transcription factor NF-κB mediates TNF-α–induced antiapoptotic effect. Taken together, these data demonstrate that, in rat mixed neuronal–glial cortical cultures exposed to OGD or glutamate, (1) TACE/ADAM17 activity accounts for the majority of TNF-α shedding, (2) an increase in glial TACE expression contributes to the rise in TNF-α, and (3) TNF-α release in this setting inhibits apoptosis via activation of the transcription factor NF-κB.

scholarly journals Remyelination-Promoting DNA Aptamer Conjugate Myaptavin-3064 Binds to Adult Oligodendrocytes In Vitro

2020 ◽  
Vol 13 (11) ◽  
pp. 403
Author(s):  
Mahboubeh Fereidan-Esfahani ◽  
Wei Ying Yue ◽  
Brandon Wilbanks ◽  
Aaron J. Johnson ◽  
Arthur E. Warrington ◽  
...  
Keyword(s):  
Central Nervous System ◽  
Nervous System ◽  
Immunoglobulin M ◽  
Dna Aptamer ◽  
Live Cells ◽  
Embryonic Mouse ◽  
Adult Rat ◽  
Cortical Cultures ◽  
Mixed Cortical Cultures

We previously applied Systematic Evolution of Ligands by EXponential enrichment (SELEX) technology to identify myelin-specific DNA aptamers, using crude mouse central nervous system myelin as bait. This selection identified a 40-nucleotide aptamer (LJM-3064). Multiple biotinylated LJM-3064 molecules were conjugated to a streptavidin core to mimic a multimeric immunoglobulin M (IgM) antibody, generating 3064-BS-streptavidin (Myaptavin-3064). We previously showed that Myaptavin-3064 induces remyelination in the Theiler’s murine encephalomyelitis virus (TMEV) model of chronic spinal cord demyelination. While details of target binding and the mechanism of action remain unclear, we hypothesized that Myaptavin-3064 induces remyelination by binding to oligodendrocytes (OLs). We now report the results of binding assays using the human oligodendroglioma (HOG) cell line, applying both flow cytometry and immunocytochemistry (IC) to assay aptamer conjugate binding to cells. IC assays were applied to compare aptamer conjugate binding to primary embryonic mouse mixed cortical cultures and primary adult rat mixed glial cultures. We show that Myaptavin-3064 binds to HOG cells, with increased binding upon differentiation. In contrast, a negative control aptamer conjugate, 3060-BS, which did not promote central nervous system (CNS) remyelination, does not bind to HOG cells. Myaptavin-3064 did not bind to lung (L2) or kidney (BHK) cell lines. Total internal reflection fluorescence (TIRF) imaging indicates that Myaptavin-3064 binds at the cell membrane of live cells. In addition to HOG cells, Myaptavin-3064 binds to adult rat OLs, but not to embryonic mouse mixed cortical cultures. These data support the hypothesis that Myaptavin-3064 binds to a surface molecule on both rodent and human OLs in a manner that triggers a remyelination signal pathway.

scholarly journals Matrices with Compliance Comparable to that of Brain Tissue Select Neuronal over Glial Growth in Mixed Cortical Cultures

2006 ◽  
Vol 90 (8) ◽  
pp. 3012-3018 ◽  
Author(s):  
Penelope C. Georges ◽  
William J. Miller ◽  
David F. Meaney ◽  
Evelyn S. Sawyer ◽  
Paul A. Janmey
Keyword(s):  
Brain Tissue ◽  
Cortical Cultures ◽  
Mixed Cortical Cultures

scholarly journals Phenylalanine Reduces Synaptic Density in Mixed Cortical Cultures from Mice

2006 ◽  
Vol 59 (4 Part 1) ◽  
pp. 544-548 ◽  
Author(s):  
Friederike Hörster ◽  
Marina A Schwab ◽  
Sven W Sauer ◽  
Joachim Pietz ◽  
Georg F Hoffmann ◽  
...  
Keyword(s):  
Synaptic Density ◽  
Cortical Cultures ◽  
Mixed Cortical Cultures
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