scholarly journals Adult neurogenesis and neural stem cells of the central nervous system in mammals

2002 ◽  
Vol 69 (6) ◽  
pp. 745-749 ◽  
Author(s):  
Philippe Taupin ◽  
Fred H. Gage
Keyword(s):  
Stem Cells ◽  
Central Nervous System ◽  
Nervous System ◽  
Neural Stem Cells ◽  
Adult Neurogenesis ◽  
The Central Nervous System

scholarly journals Adult neurogenesis in the central nervous system of teleost fish: from stem cells to function and evolution

2021 ◽  
Vol 224 (8) ◽  
Author(s):  
Günther K. H. Zupanc
Keyword(s):  
Stem Cells ◽  
Central Nervous System ◽  
Nervous System ◽  
Stem Cell ◽  
Neural Stem Cells ◽  
Adult Neurogenesis ◽  
Teleost Fish ◽  
Tissue Growth ◽  
Population Pressure ◽  
The Central Nervous System

ABSTRACT Adult neurogenesis, the generation of functional neurons from adult neural stem cells in the central nervous system (CNS), is widespread, and perhaps universal, among vertebrates. This phenomenon is more pronounced in teleost fish than in any other vertebrate taxon. There are up to 100 neurogenic sites in the adult teleost brain. New cells, including neurons and glia, arise from neural stem cells harbored both in neurogenic niches and outside these niches (such as the ependymal layer and parenchyma in the spinal cord, respectively). At least some, but not all, of the stem cells are of astrocytic identity. Aging appears to lead to stem cell attrition in fish that exhibit determinate body growth but not in those with indeterminate growth. At least in some areas of the CNS, the activity of the neural stem cells results in additive neurogenesis or gliogenesis – tissue growth by net addition of cells. Mathematical and computational modeling has identified three factors to be crucial for sustained tissue growth and correct formation of CNS structures: symmetric stem cell division, cell death and cell drift due to population pressure. It is hypothesized that neurogenesis in the CNS is driven by continued growth of corresponding muscle fibers and sensory receptor cells in the periphery to ensure a constant ratio of peripheral versus central elements. This ‘numerical matching hypothesis’ can explain why neurogenesis has ceased in most parts of the adult CNS during the evolution of mammals, which show determinate growth.

Neural Stem Cells to Glial Cells an Important Factor for Brain Injury

2020 ◽  
Author(s):  
Prithiv K R Kumar
Keyword(s):  
Stem Cells ◽  
Central Nervous System ◽  
Nervous System ◽  
Neural Stem Cells ◽  
Glial Cells ◽  
Brain Injuries ◽  
The Body ◽  
The Central Nervous System ◽  
Near Future

Stem cells have the capacity to differentiate into any type of cell or organ. Stems cell originate from any part of the body, including the brain. Brain cells or rather neural stem cells have the capacitive advantage of differentiating into the central nervous system leading to the formation of neurons and glial cells. Neural stem cells should have a source by editing DNA, or by mixings chemical enzymes of iPSCs. By this method, a limitless number of neuron stem cells can be obtained. Increase in supply of NSCs help in repairing glial cells which in-turn heal the central nervous system. Generally, brain injuries cause motor and sensory deficits leading to stroke. With all trials from novel therapeutic methods to enhanced rehabilitation time, the economy and quality of life is suppressed. Only PSCs have proven effective for grafting cells into NSCs. Neurons derived from stem cells is the only challenge that limits in-vitro usage in the near future.

scholarly journals MicroRNA Signature in Human Normal and Tumoral Neural Stem Cells

2019 ◽  
Vol 20 (17) ◽  
pp. 4123 ◽  
Author(s):  
Diana ◽  
Gaido ◽  
Murtas
Keyword(s):  
Stem Cells ◽  
Central Nervous System ◽  
Nervous System ◽  
Neural Stem Cells ◽  
Mature Mirnas ◽  
Human Species ◽  
Cellular Context ◽  
The Central Nervous System ◽  
Non Coding Rnas ◽  
Insight Into

MicroRNAs, also called miRNAs or simply miR-, represent a unique class of non-coding RNAs that have gained exponential interest during recent years because of their determinant involvement in regulating the expression of several genes. Despite the increasing number of mature miRNAs recognized in the human species, only a limited proportion is engaged in the ontogeny of the central nervous system (CNS). miRNAs also play a pivotal role during the transition of normal neural stem cells (NSCs) into tumor-forming NSCs. More specifically, extensive studies have identified some shared miRNAs between NSCs and neural cancer stem cells (CSCs), namely miR-7, -124, -125, -181 and miR-9, -10, -130. In the context of NSCs, miRNAs are intercalated from embryonic stages throughout the differentiation pathway in order to achieve mature neuronal lineages. Within CSCs, under a different cellular context, miRNAs perform tumor suppressive or oncogenic functions that govern the homeostasis of brain tumors. This review will draw attention to the most characterizing studies dealing with miRNAs engaged in neurogenesis and in the tumoral neural stem cell context, offering the reader insight into the power of next generation miRNA-targeted therapies against brain malignances.

Differentiated human neural stem cells: a new ex vivo model to study HHV-6 infection of the central nervous system

2006 ◽  
Vol 37 ◽  
pp. S27-S32 ◽  
Author(s):  
Lidia De Filippis ◽  
Chiara Foglieni ◽  
Sara Silva ◽  
Angelo Vescovi ◽  
Paolo Lusso ◽  
...  
Keyword(s):  
Stem Cells ◽  
Central Nervous System ◽  
Nervous System ◽  
Neural Stem Cells ◽  
Ex Vivo ◽  
Ex Vivo Model ◽  
Human Neural Stem Cells ◽  
The Central Nervous System

scholarly journals Heterogeneous fate choice of genetically modulated adult neural stem cells in gray and white matter of the central nervous system

Glia ◽  
2019 ◽  
Vol 68 (2) ◽  
pp. 393-406 ◽  
Author(s):  
Felix Beyer ◽  
Janusz Jadasz ◽  
Iria Samper Agrelo ◽  
Jessica Schira‐Heinen ◽  
Janos Groh ◽  
...  
Keyword(s):  
Stem Cells ◽  
Central Nervous System ◽  
Nervous System ◽  
White Matter ◽  
Neural Stem Cells ◽  
Adult Neural Stem Cells ◽  
The Central Nervous System
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