GABA-B-related activity in processing of transcallosal response in cat motor cortex

2002 ◽  
Vol 68 (4) ◽  
pp. 489-495 ◽  
Author(s):  
Syed A. Chowdhury ◽  
Ken Ichi Matsunami
Keyword(s):  
Motor Cortex ◽  
Related Activity ◽  
Transcallosal Response

Functional Properties of Neurons in the Primate Tongue Primary Motor Cortex During Swallowing

1997 ◽  
Vol 78 (3) ◽  
pp. 1516-1530 ◽  
Author(s):  
Ruth E. Martin ◽  
Gregory M. Murray ◽  
Pentti Kemppainen ◽  
Yuji Masuda ◽  
Barry J. Sessle
Keyword(s):  
Motor Cortex ◽  
Functional Properties ◽  
Primary Motor Cortex ◽  
Motor Behavior ◽  
Critical Role ◽  
Electromyographic Activity ◽  
Related Activity ◽  
Tongue Protrusion ◽  
Significant Difference ◽  
Tongue Movements

Martin, Ruth E., Gregory M. Murray, Pentti Kemppainen, Yuji Masuda, and Barry J. Sessle. Functional properties of neurons in the primate tongue primary motor cortex during swallowing. J. Neurophysiol. 78: 1516–1530, 1997. Recent studies conducted in our laboratory have suggested that the tongue primary motor cortex (i.e., tongue-MI) plays a critical role in the control of voluntary tongue movements in the primate. However, the possible involvement of tongue-MI in semiautomatic tongue movements, such as those in swallowing, remains unkown. Therefore the present study was undertakein in attempts to address whether tongue-MI plays a role in the semiautomatic tongue movements produced during swallowing. Extracellular single neuron recordings were obtained from tongue-MI, defined by intracortical microstimulation (ICMS), in two awake monkeys as they performed three types of swallowing (swallowing of a juice reward after successful tongue task performance, nontask-related swallowing of a liquid bolus, and nontask-related swallowing of a solid bolus) as well as a trained tongue-protrusion task. Electromyographic activity was recorded simultaneously from various orofacial and laryngeal muscles. In addition, the afferent input to each tongue-MI neuron and ICMS-evoked motor output characteristics at each neuronal recording site were determined. Neurons were considered to show swallow and/or tongue-protrusion task-related activity if a statistically significant difference in firing rate was seen in association with these behaviors compared with that observed during a control pretrial period. Of a total of 80 neurons recorded along 40 microelectrode penetrations in the ICMS-defined tongue-MI, 69% showed significant alterations of activity in relation to the swallowing of a juice reward, whereas 66% exhibited significant modulations of firing in association with performance of the trained tongue-protrusion task. Moreover, 48% showed significant alterations of firing in relation to both swallowing and the tongue-protrusion task. These findings suggest that the region of cortex involved in swallowing includes MI and that tongue-MI may play a role in the regulation of semiautomatic tongue movement, in addition to trained motor behavior. Swallow-related tongue-MI neurons exhibited a variety of swallow-related activity patterns and were distributed throughout the ICMS-defined tongue-MI at sites where ICMS evoked a variety of types of tongue movements. These findings are consistent with the view that multiple efferent zones for the production of tongue movements are activated in swallowing. Many swallow-related tongue-MI neurons had an orofacial mechanoreceptive field, particularly on the tongue dorsum, supporting the view that afferent inputs may be involved in the regulation of the swallowing synergy.

P 171. Bihemispheric motor cortex stimulation in older adults induces modulations of resting state and task-related activity

2013 ◽  
Vol 124 (10) ◽  
pp. e146 ◽  
Author(s):  
R. Lindenberg ◽  
L. Nachtigall ◽  
M. Meinzer ◽  
M.M. Sieg ◽  
A. Flöel
Keyword(s):  
Older Adults ◽  
Motor Cortex ◽  
Resting State ◽  
Motor Cortex Stimulation ◽  
Related Activity ◽  
And Task

scholarly journals Reward-related activity in the human motor cortex

2008 ◽  
Vol 27 (7) ◽  
pp. 1836-1842 ◽  
Author(s):  
Dimitrios Kapogiannis ◽  
Paul Campion ◽  
Jordan Grafman ◽  
Eric M. Wassermann
Keyword(s):  
Motor Cortex ◽  
Related Activity ◽  
Human Motor Cortex ◽  
Human Motor

Laterality of Movement-Related Activity Reflects Transformation of Coordinates in Ventral Premotor Cortex and Primary Motor Cortex of Monkeys

2007 ◽  
Vol 98 (4) ◽  
pp. 2008-2021 ◽  
Author(s):  
Kiyoshi Kurata
Keyword(s):  
Motor Cortex ◽  
Neuronal Activity ◽  
Primary Motor Cortex ◽  
Premotor Cortex ◽  
Visuomotor Transformation ◽  
Related Activity ◽  
Reaching Task ◽  
Ventral Premotor Cortex ◽  
Cortical Motor ◽  
Target Locations

The ventral premotor cortex (PMv) and the primary motor cortex (MI) of monkeys participate in various sensorimotor integrations, such as the transformation of coordinates from visual to motor space, because the areas contain movement-related neuronal activity reflecting either visual or motor space. In addition to relationship to visual and motor space, laterality of the activity could indicate stages in the visuomotor transformation. Thus we examined laterality and relationship to visual and motor space of movement-related neuronal activity in the PMv and MI of monkeys performing a fast-reaching task with the left or right arm, toward targets with visual and motor coordinates that had been dissociated by shift prisms. We determined laterality of each activity quantitatively and classified it into four types: activity that consistently depended on target locations in either head-centered visual coordinates (V-type) or motor coordinates (M-type) and those that had either differential or nondifferential activity for both coordinates (B- and N-types). A majority of M-type neurons in the areas had preferences for reaching movements with the arm contralateral to the hemisphere where neuronal activity was recorded. In contrast, most of the V-type neurons were recorded in the PMv and exhibited less laterality than the M-type. The B- and N-types were recorded in the PMv and MI and exhibited intermediate properties between the V- and M-types when laterality and correlations to visual and motor space of them were jointly examined. These results suggest that the cortical motor areas contribute to the transformation of coordinates to generate final motor commands.

Abstract 2806: Does Motor Cortex Activity Predict Motor Recovery? An fMRI Study of Subacute Lacunar Stroke

Stroke ◽  
2012 ◽  
Vol 43 (suppl_1) ◽  
Author(s):  
Assia Jaillard ◽  
Chantal Delon martin ◽  
Leeanne Carey ◽  
Laurent Lalamalle ◽  
Marc J Hommel ◽  
...  
Keyword(s):  
Motor Cortex ◽  
Primary Motor Cortex ◽  
Motor Recovery ◽  
Small Sample ◽  
Stroke Onset ◽  
Stroke Recovery ◽  
Finger Tapping ◽  
Lacunar Stroke ◽  
Related Activity ◽  
Recovery Score

Background: While primary motor cortex (M1) has been demonstrated to be crucial for motor recovery in a recent meta-analysis including fMRI and TMS studies, other functional neuroimaging studies have found that activity in a broader sensorimotor cortical network correlate with motor recovery. The heterogeneity of stroke lesions and the small sample size characterizing many studies could account for these discrepancies. Hypothesis : The strength of task-related activity in primary motor cortex predicts motor recovery in a clinically homogenous population of acute lacunar stroke patients. Methods: We used fMRI to investigate the neural mechanisms of stroke recovery. We studied 18 stroke patient (4 females, 14 males) after their first single lacunar stroke (7 right , 11 left hemisphere). The lesions caused pure hemiparesia one week after stroke onset (mean 7.2 days; range 2 -15). Lesions were limited to the deep territory of the anterior choroid artery, involving the corticospinal tract at the level of the internal capsule or the corona radiata ( Figure 1 ). Patients were matched to 18 healthy controls for age and sex. Motor impairment was assessed using the NIH Stroke Scale (NIHSS), the Fugl-Meyer Scale (FMS), Finger Tapping Score (FTS), Purdue Pegboard and simple reaction times 7 days and 6 months after stroke. At 6 months, a global motor recovery score was computed using the FMS and the FTS to assess motor recovery. Functional MRI scans were obtained using a self-paced finger tapping (FT) task implemented as a block design alternating right FT, left FT and rest. Data were processed using SPM8. In the first level analysis “FT minus fixation” contrasts were computed for the impaired hand. At the second level, multiple regression was used to assess the effect of the motor recovery score on the FT-related motor activity (threshold p<0.05 FWE; extent threshold k=5). Age and FT rate recorded during the experiment were included as covariates in the second level model. Results: As a group, the patients showed good recovery at 6 months. Both patients and controls exhibited a typical pattern of FT task-related activity. Activity in primary motor cortex predicted motor recovery at 6 months, after adjustment for age and FT rate. MNI coordinates = [-34,-14,48] See Figure 1 . Conclusions: Primary motor cortex activity, measured soon after stroke onset, predicts motor recovery assessed at 6 months post-stroke. fMRI measurements made in the early phase of stroke recovery could be useful to derive prognostic biomarkers in both clinical practice and clinical trials investigating novel treatments, such as stem cell administration.

Neuronal activity in the claustrum of the monkey during performance of multiple movements

1996 ◽  
Vol 76 (3) ◽  
pp. 2115-2119 ◽  
Author(s):  
K. Shima ◽  
E. Hoshi ◽  
J. Tanji
Keyword(s):  
Motor Cortex ◽  
Neuronal Activity ◽  
Arm Movements ◽  
Visual Signals ◽  
Visually Guided ◽  
Motor Execution ◽  
Related Activity ◽  
Histological Confirmation ◽  
Selection Of ◽  
The Way

1. We studied neuronal activity in the claustrum of monkeys during performance of three different arm movements. We verified recording sites of claustral neurons by histological confirmation of microlesions. For the sake of comparison, we also recorded from the arm area of the precentral motor cortex (MI). Selection of the movements was either visually guided or determined by memorized information. 2. A striking property of claustral neurons is their nonselective relation to the three movements (push, pull, and turn a manipulandum). A vast majority (70%) of movement-related neurons exhibited increase of discharge in relation to all three movements, whereas only 16% were active in relation to one of the three movements. By contrast, about one-half of neurons in the MI were active in relation to a single movement. In both areas, the movement-related activity was similar regardless of whether the movements were selected by visual signals or by memory. 3. The study is the first to reveal involvement of claustral neurons in motor execution, and their activity property suggests that the way they are involved is different from that of MI neurons.

1650 GABAB receptor antagonist induced excitation and agonist induced inhibition of the transcallosal response in the motor cortex

1996 ◽  
Vol 25 ◽  
pp. S186
Author(s):  
Syed Ahsan Chowdhury ◽  
Kadrul Huda ◽  
Takashi Kawashima ◽  
Tokitaka Konishi ◽  
Ken'ichi Matsunami
Keyword(s):  
Motor Cortex ◽  
Receptor Antagonist ◽  
Gabab Receptor ◽  
Transcallosal Response ◽  
Gabab Receptor Antagonist
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