SARS‐CoV‐2 antibody kinetics in blood donors with a previously positive SARS‐CoV‐2 antibody test within a seroprevalence survey

2021 ◽  
Author(s):  
Mette Bøegh Levring ◽  
Dorte Kinggaard Holm ◽  
Anna Christine Nilsson ◽  
Joschka Martin Bauer ◽  
Iben Skov Jensen ◽  
...  
Keyword(s):  
Blood Donors ◽  
Antibody Test ◽  
Antibody Kinetics

scholarly journals Current challenges of severe acute respiratory syndrome coronavirus 2 (SARS-CoV-2) seroprevalence studies among blood donors: A scoping review

2021 ◽  
Author(s):  
Sahar Saeed ◽  
Samra Uzicanin ◽  
Antoine Lewin ◽  
Ryanne Lieshout-Krikke ◽  
Helen Faddy ◽  
...  
Keyword(s):  
Scoping Review ◽  
Blood Donors ◽  
Herd Immunity ◽  
Future Research ◽  
Contributing Factors ◽  
Population Sampling ◽  
Test Characteristics ◽  
Nationally Representative ◽  
Study Designs ◽  
Antibody Kinetics

Background: Blood donors are increasingly being recognized as an informative resource for surveillance. We aimed to review and characterize SARS-CoV-2 seroprevalence studies conducted using blood donors to investigate methodology and provide guidance for future research. Methods: We conducted a scoping review of peer-reviewed and preprint publications between January 2020 to January 2021. Two reviewers used standardized forms to extract seroprevalence estimates and data on methodology pertaining to population sampling, periodicity, assay characteristics and antibody kinetics. National data on cumulative incidence and social distancing policies were extracted from publicly available sources and summarized. Results: Thirty-three studies representing 1,323,307 blood donations from 20 countries worldwide were included (sample size per study ranged from 22 to 953,926 donations). Seroprevalence rates ranged from 0% to 76% (after adjusting for waning antibodies). Overall, less than 1 in 5 studies reported standardized seroprevalence rates to reflect the demographics of the general population. Stratification by age and sex were most common (64% of studies), followed by region (48%). 52% of studies reported seroprevalence at a single time point. Overall, 27 unique assay combinations were identified, 55% of studies used a single assay and only 39% adjusted seroprevalence rates for imperfect test characteristics. Among the eight nationally representative studies case detection was most underrepresented in Kenya (1:1264). Conclusion: As of December 11, 2020, 79% of studies reported seroprevalence rates <10%; thresholds far from reaching herd immunity. In addition to differences in community transmission and diverse public health policies, study designs and methodology were likely contributing factors to seroprevalence heterogeneity.

scholarly journals Dynamics of antimalarial antibodies in non-immune patients during and after a first and unique P. falciparum malaria episode

2020 ◽  
Author(s):  
Zeno Bisoffi ◽  
Marco Bertoldi ◽  
Ronaldo Silva ◽  
Giulia Bertoli ◽  
Tamara Ursini ◽  
...  
Keyword(s):  
Blood Donors ◽  
Travel Medicine ◽  
Antibody Test ◽  
Malaria Episode ◽  
Full Blood Count ◽  
Case Report Form ◽  
Retrospective Diagnosis ◽  
Laboratory Test Results ◽  
High Level

Abstract BackgroundMalaria is a major travel medicine issue. Retrospective confirmation of a malaria episode diagnosed in an endemic area can have relevant implications in trasfusional medicine in Europe, where blood donors are excluded from donation on the basis of positive malaria serology. However, there is scarce evidence on the dynamics of antimalarial antibodies after a first malaria episode in non immune individuals. First aim of this study was to describe the dynamics of antimalarial antibodies in a first malaria episode in non immune travellers. Secondary objectives were to assess the sensitivity of serology for a retrospective diagnosis in non immune travellers diagnosed while abroad and to discuss the implications in transfusional medicine.MethodsRetrospective analysis of the results of an indirect fluorescence antibody test (IFAT) for malaria available for patients with a first malaria episode by Plasmodium falciparum and admitted at the IRCCS Sacro Cuore Don Calabria hospital in a 14-year period. The antibody titres were collected at baseline and during further follow up visits. Epidemiological, demographic and laboratory test results (including full blood count and malaria parasite density) were anonymously recorded in a study specific electronic Case Report Form created with OpenClinica software. Statistical analysis was performed with SAS software version 9.4. ResultsThirty-six patients were included. Among them, all but two were Europeans (one African and one American). Median length of fever before diagnosis was two days (IQR 1-3). Thirty-five patients had seroconversion between day 1 and day 4 from admission, and the titre showed a sharply rising titre, often to a very high level in a few days. Only a single patient remained negative in the first 5 days from admission, after which he was no more tested. Six patients were followed up for at least two months, and they all showed a decline in IFAT titre, tending to seroreversion (confirmed in one patient with the longest follow up, almost four years). ConclusionsSerology demonstrated reliable for retrospective diagnosis in non immune travellers. The decline in the antimalarial titre might be included in the screening algorithms of blood donors, but further studies are needed.

scholarly journals Detection of Specific Antibodies to an Antigenic Mannoprotein for Diagnosis of Penicillium marneffeiPenicilliosis

1998 ◽  
Vol 36 (10) ◽  
pp. 3028-3031 ◽  
Author(s):  
Liang Cao ◽  
Da-Liang Chen ◽  
Cindy Lee ◽  
Che-Man Chan ◽  
King-Man Chan ◽  
...  
Keyword(s):  
Specific Antibody ◽  
Blood Donors ◽  
Antibody Test ◽  
High Specificity ◽  
Pathogenic Fungi ◽  
Enzyme Linked Immunosorbent Assay ◽  
Serum Samples ◽  
Specific Antibodies ◽  
Immunodeficiency Virus ◽  
Positive Results

The disseminated and progressive fungal disease Penicillium marneffei penicilliosis is one of the most common infectious diseases in AIDS patients in Southeast Asia. To diagnose systemic penicilliosis, we developed an enzyme-linked immunosorbent assay (ELISA)-based antibody test with Mp1p, a purified recombinant antigenic mannoprotein of P. marneffei. Evaluation of the test with guinea pig sera against P. marneffei and other pathogenic fungi indicated that this assay was specific for P. marneffei. Clinical evaluation revealed that high levels of specific antibody were detected in two immunocompetent penicilliosis patients. Furthermore, approximately 80% (14 of 17) of the documented penicilliosis patients with human immunodeficiency virus tested positive for the specific antibody. No false-positive results were found for serum samples from 90 healthy blood donors, 20 patients with typhoid fever, and 55 patients with tuberculosis, indicating a high specificity of the test. Thus, this ELISA-based test for the detection of anti-Mp1p antibody can be of significant value as a diagnostic for penicilliosis.

Dynamics ofLegionellaantibody levels during 1 year in a healthy population

2008 ◽  
Vol 137 (7) ◽  
pp. 1013-1018 ◽  
Author(s):  
M. RUDBECK ◽  
K. MØLBAK ◽  
S. A. ULDUM
Keyword(s):  
Blood Donors ◽  
Antibody Test ◽  
Severe Illness ◽  
Healthy Population ◽  
Antibody Titres ◽  
History Of ◽  
Absence From Work ◽  
Immunofluorescence Antibody Test ◽  
Immunofluorescence Antibody

SUMMARYA total of 522 Danish blood donors were followed during 2004–2005 to describe the seroepidemiology ofLegionellainfections in healthy individuals from a general population. Antibodies toLegionellaspp. were measured by indirect immunofluorescence antibody test. The prevalence ofLegionellaantibodies (titre ⩾1:128) was 26·8% and remained fairly constant during the year of follow-up. However, 6·9% of the blood donors developed a fourfold or greater rise in antibody titres. A history of visits to Danish summer cottages was associated with bothLegionellaseropositivity (OR 1·53, 95% CI 1·02–2·30) and seroconversion (OR 2·66, 95% CI 1·21–5·83). There were no consistent associations between either levels of antibody titres or seroconversion and self-reported health symptoms, absence from work due to illness, or to any risk factors. We conclude that community-acquiredLegionellainfections are frequent; however, they rarely result in severe illness.

scholarly journals High prevalence of antibodies to Legionella spp. in Danish blood donors. A study in areas with high and average incidence of Legionnaires' disease

2007 ◽  
Vol 136 (2) ◽  
pp. 257-262 ◽  
Author(s):  
M. RUDBECK ◽  
K. MØLBAK ◽  
S. ULDUM
Keyword(s):  
Blood Donors ◽  
Antibody Test ◽  
Hyperendemic Area ◽  
High Prevalence ◽  
High Incidence ◽  
Antibody Titres ◽  
Legionnaires Disease ◽  
The One ◽  
Immunofluorescence Antibody Test ◽  
Immunofluorescence Antibody

SUMMARYThe incidence of Legionnaires' disease has an uneven geographical distribution in Denmark, ranging from 3 to 70 notified cases per million inhabitants per year in different towns. We investigated the prevalence of antibodies to Legionella in the one town with a consistently high incidence (Randers, Aarhus County) and compared it with that of an area of average incidence (Vejle, Vejle County). Blood samples were collected from healthy blood donors in Randers (n=308) and in Vejle (n=400), and analysed for antibodies to Legionella by indirect immunofluorescence antibody test with L. pneumophila, L. micdadei, and L. bozemanii as antigens. Overall 22·9% of the donors had antibody titres of ⩾1:128; indicating that antibodies to Legionella are common in healthy individuals, and reflecting that the bacteria may be widely distributed in the environment. Surprisingly, the study did not reveal a higher prevalence in the hyperendemic area. Thus, the high incidence of notified cases in this particular town may not be attributed to an overall increased exposure of the general population.

Antibody reactivity to human and vervet cytomegalovirus early antigen(s) in sera from patients with active cytomegalovirus infections and from asymptomatic donors

1979 ◽  
Vol 9 (1) ◽  
pp. 134-140
Author(s):  
J L Waner ◽  
S A Biano
Keyword(s):  
Blood Donors ◽  
Hcmv Infection ◽  
Indirect Fluorescent Antibody Test ◽  
Fluorescent Antibody ◽  
Human Fibroblasts ◽  
Antibody Test ◽  
Antibody Activity ◽  
Human Sera ◽  
Infected Cells ◽  
Cytomegalovirus Infections

Human fibroblasts were infected with vervet cytomegalovirus (VCMV) and cultured in medium containing 50 micrograms of cytosine arabinoside per ml for 72 h. Early antigens (EAg) were detected in the nuclei of infected cells by an indirect fluorescent antibody test with human sera having antibody to EAg of human cytomegalovirus (HCMV). Sera from patients with serological and/or virological evidence of active HCMV infection and from asymptomatic blood donors were examined for antibody activity with the HCMV and VCMV EAg's. The HCMV and VCMV EAg's were comparable in detecting levels of antibody activity and fluctuations in antibody titer of paired sera from patients. A total of 81% of patient sera reactive with HCMV EAg were also reactive with VCMV EAg. In contrast, only 14% of the asymptomatic donor sera reactive with HCMV EAg were also reactive with VCMV EAg. The VCMV EAg, therefore, appeared to differentiate latent from active infections in humans more effectively than did HCMV EAg.

Multicentric evaluation of the DiaMed enzyme-linked immunosorbent assay malaria antibody test for screening of blood donors for malaria

Vox Sanguinis ◽  
2007 ◽  
Vol 0 (0) ◽  
pp. 071117013906002-???
Author(s):  
M.-H. Elghouzzi ◽  
A. Senegas ◽  
T. Steinmetz ◽  
P. Guntz ◽  
V. Barlet ◽  
...  
Keyword(s):  
Immunosorbent Assay ◽  
Blood Donors ◽  
Antibody Test ◽  
Enzyme Linked Immunosorbent Assay

scholarly journals Dynamics of antimalarial antibodies in non-immune patients during and after a first and unique P. falciparum malaria episode.

2020 ◽  
Author(s):  
Zeno Bisoffi ◽  
Marco Bertoldi ◽  
Ronaldo Silva ◽  
Giulia Bertoli ◽  
Tamara Ursini ◽  
...  
Keyword(s):  
Blood Donors ◽  
Travel Medicine ◽  
Antibody Test ◽  
Malaria Episode ◽  
Full Blood Count ◽  
Case Report Form ◽  
Retrospective Diagnosis ◽  
Laboratory Test Results ◽  
High Level

Abstract Background Malaria is a major travel medicine issue. Retrospective confirmation of a malaria episode diagnosed in an endemic area can have relevant implications in trasfusional medicine in Europe, where blood donors are excluded from donation on the basis of positive malaria serology. However, there is scarce evidence on the dynamics of antimalarial antibodies after a first malaria episode in non immune individuals. First aim of this study was to describe the dynamics of antimalarial antibodies in a first malaria episode in non immune travellers. Secondary objectives were to assess the sensitivity of serology for a retrospective diagnosis in non immune travellers diagnosed while abroad and to discuss the implications in transfusional medicine. Methods Retrospective analysis of the results of an indirect fluorescence antibody test (IFAT) for malaria available for patients with a first malaria episode by Plasmodium falciparum and admitted at the IRCCS Sacro Cuore Don Calabria hospital in a 14-year period. The antibody titres were collected at baseline and during further follow up visits. Epidemiological, demographic and laboratory test results (including full blood count and malaria parasite density) were anonymously recorded in a study specific electronic Case Report Form created with OpenClinica software. Statistical analysis was performed with SAS software version 9.4. Results Thirty-six patients were included. Among them, all but two were Europeans (one African and one American). Median length of fever before diagnosis was two days (IQR 1-3). Thirty-five patients had seroconversion between day 1 and day 4 from admission, and the titre showed a sharply rising titre, often to a very high level in a few days. Only a single patient remained negative in the first 5 days from admission, after which he was no more tested. Six patients were followed up for at least two months, and they all showed a decline in IFAT titre, tending to seroreversion (confirmed in one patient with the longest follow up, almost four years). Conclusions Serology demonstrated reliable for retrospective diagnosis in non immune travellers. The decline in the antimalarial titre might be included in the screening algorithms of blood donors, but further studies are needed.

scholarly journals Low prevalence of Borna disease virus 1 (BoDV-1) IgG antibodies in humans from areas endemic for animal Borna disease of Southern Germany

2019 ◽  
Vol 9 (1) ◽  
Author(s):  
Dennis Tappe ◽  
Christina Frank ◽  
Ruth Offergeld ◽  
Christiane Wagner-Wiening ◽  
Klaus Stark ◽  
...  
Keyword(s):  
Disease Virus ◽  
Blood Donors ◽  
Case Fatality ◽  
Antibody Test ◽  
Borna Disease Virus ◽  
Zoonotic Risk ◽  
Confirmatory Assay ◽  
Low Prevalence ◽  
Elevated Exposure ◽  
Borna Disease

AbstractBorna disease virus-1 (BoDV-1) was recently discovered as cause of severe and often fatal encephalitis in humans. BoDV-1 is known to cause neurological disease in horses and sheep mainly in South and Central Germany. The virus is maintained in bicolored white-toothed shrews (Crocidura leucodon). The incidence of infection and risk factors in humans are completely unresolved. Veterinarians may be disproportionally BoDV-1-exposed through contact to animals not recognized to be BoDV-1 infected. We conducted three serosurveys predominantly in endemic areas of South Germany for the presence of BoDV-1-reactive antibodies. Anonymized residual samples from two serosurveys of veterinarians (n = 736) with interview data on exposures and one serosurvey among blood donors (n = 373) were screened with an indirect immunofluorescence antibody test, followed by a newly developed immunoblot as confirmatory assay. One serum from a 55–59-year-old veterinarian who worked in an animal practice and as a meat inspector but none from blood donors tested positive by the screening and confirmatory assays. We show that seropositive individuals are rare even in areas with highest zoonotic risk and in a group with potentially elevated exposure risk. In light of the low seroprevalence demonstrated here, the high case-fatality rate in clinically observed human BoDV-1 infections is even more impressive.

scholarly journals Anti-Taenia solium metacestodes antibodies in serum from blood donors from four cities of Triângulo Mineiro area, Minas Gerais, Brazil, 1995

2002 ◽  
Vol 44 (4) ◽  
pp. 229-231 ◽  
Author(s):  
Elisângela de Paula SILVEIRA-LACERDA ◽  
Eleuza Rodrigues MACHADO ◽  
Sílvio César de Freitas ARANTES ◽  
Julia Maria COSTA-CRUZ
Keyword(s):  
Blood Donors ◽  
Taenia Solium ◽  
Antibody Test ◽  
Minas Gerais ◽  
Enzyme Linked Immunosorbent Assay ◽  
Serological Survey ◽  
Igg Antibodies ◽  
Specific Igg ◽  
Indirect Fluorescence Antibody ◽  
Specific Igg Antibodies

Serological survey was performed to detect IgG antibodies anti-Taenia solium metacestodes in blood donors of Hemocentro Regional de Uberlândia, Minas Gerais, Brazil. A total of 1133 sera from blood donors coming from four cities of Triângulo Mineiro area were analyzed by the indirect fluorescence antibody test (IFAT) and the enzyme linked immunosorbent assay (ELISA). Specific IgG antibodies were found in 5.6% of the studied population, showing differences in the positive rates according to their origin: Araguari (13.5%), Tupaciguara (5.0%), Monte Alegre de Minas (4.8%) and Uberlândia (4.7%). The results indicate the probable endemicity of cysticercosis in this population.

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