scholarly journals Emergence of a young case infected with avian influenza A (H5N6) in Anhui Province, East China during the COVID‐19 pandemic

2021 ◽  
Author(s):  
Jun‐Ling Yu ◽  
Sai Hou ◽  
Ya‐Ting Feng ◽  
Ge Bu ◽  
Qing‐Qing Chen ◽  
...  
Keyword(s):  
Avian Influenza ◽  
Influenza A ◽  
Anhui Province ◽  
East China

scholarly journals Genetic characterization of the first detected human case of avian influenza A (H5N6) in Anhui Province, East China

2018 ◽  
Vol 8 (1) ◽  
Author(s):  
Jun He ◽  
Bo-Yu Liu ◽  
Lei Gong ◽  
Zhen Chen ◽  
Xiao-Long Chen ◽  
...  
Keyword(s):  
Avian Influenza ◽  
Influenza A ◽  
Genetic Characterization ◽  
Human Case ◽  
Anhui Province ◽  
East China

scholarly journals First detection of highly pathogenic avian influenza virus in Norway

2021 ◽  
Vol 17 (1) ◽  
Author(s):  
Knut Madslien ◽  
Torfinn Moldal ◽  
Britt Gjerset ◽  
Sveinn Gudmundsson ◽  
Arne Follestad ◽  
...  
Keyword(s):  
Avian Influenza ◽  
Influenza A ◽  
Highly Pathogenic Avian Influenza ◽  
Wild Birds ◽  
Zoonotic Potential ◽  
Active Monitoring ◽  
Main Hypothesis ◽  
Highly Pathogenic ◽  
Pathogenic Avian Influenza ◽  
Poultry Farms

Abstract Background Several outbreaks of highly pathogenic avian influenza (HPAI) caused by influenza A virus of subtype H5N8 have been reported in wild birds and poultry in Europe during autumn 2020. Norway is one of the few countries in Europe that had not previously detected HPAI virus, despite widespread active monitoring of both domestic and wild birds since 2005. Results We report detection of HPAI virus subtype H5N8 in a wild pink-footed goose (Anser brachyrhynchus), and several other geese, ducks and a gull, from south-western Norway in November and December 2020. Despite previous reports of low pathogenic avian influenza (LPAI), this constitutes the first detections of HPAI in Norway. Conclusions The mode of introduction is unclear, but a northward migration of infected geese or gulls from Denmark or the Netherlands during the autumn of 2020 is currently our main hypothesis for the introduction of HPAI to Norway. The presence of HPAI in wild birds constitutes a new, and ongoing, threat to the Norwegian poultry industry, and compliance with the improved biosecurity measures on poultry farms should therefore be ensured. [MK1]Finally, although HPAI of subtype H5N8 has been reported to have very low zoonotic potential, this is a reminder that HPAI with greater zoonotic potential in wild birds may pose a threat in the future. [MK1]Updated with a sentence emphasizing the risk HPAI pose to poultry farms, both in the Abstract and in the Conclusion-section in main text, as suggested by Reviewer 1 (#7).

Development of an antigen-ELISA and a colloidal gold–based immunochromatographic strip based on monoclonal antibodies for detection of avian influenza A(H5) viruses

2021 ◽  
pp. 104063872110275
Author(s):  
Yixin Xiao ◽  
Fan Yang ◽  
Fumin Liu ◽  
Linfang Cheng ◽  
Hangping Yao ◽  
...  
Keyword(s):  
Avian Influenza ◽  
Disease Virus ◽  
Colloidal Gold ◽  
Rapid Detection ◽  
Influenza A ◽  
Field Investigation ◽  
Cross Reactivity ◽  
Detection Methods ◽  
Immunochromatographic Strip ◽  
Antigen Elisa

Avian influenza A(H5) viruses (avian IAVs) pose a major threat to the economy and public health. We developed an antigen-ELISA (ag-ELISA) and a colloidal gold–based immunochromatographic strip for the rapid detection of avian A(H5) viruses. Both detection methods displayed no cross-reactivity with other viruses (e.g., other avian IAVs, infectious bursal disease virus, Newcastle disease virus, infectious bronchitis virus, avian paramyxovirus). The ag-ELISA was sensitive down to 0.5 hemagglutinin (HA) units/100 µL of avian A(H5) viruses and 7.5 ng/mL of purified H5 HA proteins. The immunochromatographic strip was sensitive down to 1 HA unit/100 µL of avian A(H5) viruses. Both detection methods exhibited good reproducibility with CVs < 10%. For 200 random poultry samples, the sensitivity and specificity of the ag-ELISA were 92.6% and 98.8%, respectively, and for test strips were 88.9% and 98.3%, respectively. Both detection methods displayed high specificity, sensitivity, and stability, making them suitable for rapid detection and field investigation of avian A(H5) viruses.

scholarly journals Development and application of a real-time RT-PCR assay to rapidly detect H2 subtype avian influenza A viruses

2021 ◽  
pp. 104063872199481
Author(s):  
Yixin Xiao ◽  
Fan Yang ◽  
Fumin Liu ◽  
Hangping Yao ◽  
Nanping Wu ◽  
...  
Keyword(s):  
Avian Influenza ◽  
Real Time ◽  
Influenza A ◽  
Minor Groove Binder ◽  
Rt Pcr ◽  
Influenza A Viruses ◽  
Pcr Assay ◽  
Infectious Dose ◽  
The Matrix ◽  
Taqman Minor Groove Binder

The H2 subtypes of avian influenza A viruses (avian IAVs) have been circulating in poultry, and they have the potential to infect humans. Therefore, establishing a method to quickly detect this subtype is pivotal. We developed a TaqMan minor groove binder real-time RT-PCR assay that involved probes and primers based on conserved sequences of the matrix and hemagglutinin genes. The detection limit of this assay was as low as one 50% egg infectious dose (EID50)/mL per reaction. This assay is specific, sensitive, and rapid for detecting avian IAV H2 subtypes.

scholarly journals Development of Neuraminidase Subtype-Specific Reference Antisera by Recombinant Protein Expressed in Baculovirus

2012 ◽  
Vol 20 (2) ◽  
pp. 140-145 ◽  
Author(s):  
Kyu-Jun Lee ◽  
Jun-Gu Choi ◽  
Hyun-Mi Kang ◽  
Kwang-Il Kim ◽  
Choi-Kyu Park ◽  
...  
Keyword(s):  
Influenza Virus ◽  
Avian Influenza ◽  
Influenza A Virus ◽  
Diagnostic Tests ◽  
Influenza A ◽  
Recombinant Baculovirus ◽  
Cross Reactivity ◽  
Specific Reference ◽  
Simple Method ◽  
Avian Influenza A Virus

ABSTRACTOutbreaks of avian influenza A virus infection, particularly the H5N1 strains that have affected birds and some humans for the past 15 years, have highlighted the need for increased surveillance and disease control. Such measures require diagnostic tests to detect and characterize the different subtypes of influenza virus. In the current study, a simple method for producing reference avian influenza virus antisera to be used in diagnostic tests was developed. Antisera of nine avian influenza A virus neuraminidases (NA) used for NA subtyping were produced using a recombinant baculovirus. The recombinant NA (rNA) proteins were expressed in Sf9 insect cells and inoculated intramuscularly into specific-pathogen-free chickens with the ISA70 adjuvant. The NA inhibition antibody titers of the rNA antiserum were in the ranges of 5 to 8 and 6 to 9 log2units after the primary and boost immunizations, respectively. The antisera were subtype specific, showing low cross-reactivity against every other NA subtype using the conventional thiobarbituric acid NA inhibition assay. These results suggest that this simple method for producing reference NA antisera without purification may be useful for the diagnosis and surveillance of influenza virus.

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