scholarly journals Immunity and protection from COVID‐19—Environmental mycobacteria play a role

2020 ◽  
Vol 93 (1) ◽  
pp. 122-123 ◽  
Author(s):  
Prasanta Raghab Mohapatra ◽  
Baijayantimala Mishra ◽  
Bijayini Behera
Keyword(s):  
Environmental Mycobacteria

314. Environmental Mycobacteria Detected in Air and Bulk Samples

1999 ◽  
Author(s):  
B. Shelton ◽  
P. Christensen ◽  
D. Jaeger
Keyword(s):  
Environmental Mycobacteria

scholarly journals Emerging pathology: Pulmonary disease caused by Mycobacterium xenopi - a challenge in clinical practice

2018 ◽  
Vol 75 (9) ◽  
pp. 949-953
Author(s):  
Dragica Pesut ◽  
Ruza Stevic ◽  
Jasmina Maric-Zivkovic ◽  
Biljana Savic ◽  
Ljudmila Nagorni-Obradovic
Keyword(s):  
Risk Factors ◽  
Clinical Practice ◽  
Pulmonary Disease ◽  
Randomized Clinical Trials ◽  
Posterior Part ◽  
Molecular Techniques ◽  
Host Susceptibility ◽  
Environmental Mycobacteria ◽  
Mycobacterium Xenopi ◽  
Sputum Conversion

Introduction. Human nontuberculous mycobacteria (NTM) or environmental mycobacteria related disease is on increase. Risk factors are unclear and associations are observed in relation to climate differences, population density, or host susceptibility. With availability of molecular techniques for NTM identification, we faced emergence of NTM pulmonary cases. The work is an invitation more to colleagues to enroll the rare NTM cases into large study group. Case report. During an episode of productive cough and fever in a 73-year-old HIV-negative man smoker with minimal sequellae of pulmonary tuberculosis, sputum smears were acid fast bacilli positive on direct microscopy. The L?wenstein- Jensen culture results were positive with 20, 30 and 50 colonies, and molecular identification confirmed Mycobacterium xenopi (M. xenopi). Standard chest radiography showed no signs of active lesions. Examination was completed with bronchoscopy and thorax multi-slice computed tomography (MSCT). Cavitary lesions in the apico-posterior part of the left upper lobe (LUL) were detected. Under treatment (rifampicin, ethambutol, clarithromycin) sputum conversion was achieved, but irregular cavitation in the LUL remained at MSCT after 6 and after 12 months with signs of minimal regression. Patient?s general condition only mildly improved and asthenia remained. Observed risk factors were previous pulmonary disease, tobacco smoking, malnutrition and prolonged emotional stress. Conclusion. M. xenopi related pulmonary disease, difficult to cure and with uncertain prognosis, is a challenge in clinical practice. Since treatment is still controversial, more randomized clinical trials are needed. Current international multicentre approach might be a good option for a larger sample size and development of new guide.

Mycobacterial infections

2015 ◽  
Author(s):  
John Eastwood ◽  
Cathy Corbishley ◽  
John Grange
Keyword(s):  
World Wide ◽  
Public Health Problem ◽  
External Genitalia ◽  
Mycobacterium Leprae ◽  
Bacterial Invasion ◽  
Renal Amyloidosis ◽  
Mycobacterial Infections ◽  
Piped Water ◽  
Environmental Mycobacteria ◽  
The Many

Mycobacterium leprae, the causative agent of leprosy, is one of over a hundred species of Mycobacteria. The many other species are environmental saprophytes, present particularly in free and piped water sources, and some species are causes of opportunist disease in humans, especially in those who are immune compromised.In 2009, world-wide notifications of leprosy amounted to 244,796 new cases, a significant fall compared with 514,718 in 2003. Elimination of leprosy as a public health problem, defined as a prevalence of registered cases of under 1 per 10,000 population, has been achieved in many countries where leprosy was once highly endemic, and most others are close to reaching this stage.Direct bacterial invasion of the kidney is rare in leprosy but renal amyloidosis and various forms of glomerulonephritis are common, especially those with multibacillary forms of the disease.Renal disease due to environmental mycobacteria is very rare but as these bacteria are frequently present as contaminants of the lower urethra and external genitalia, care is required to distinguish disease from contamination of urine samples.The risk of generalized disease due to environmental mycobacteria is increased by any form of immune compromise including renal failure and post-renal transplant immunosuppression.

scholarly journals Mycobacteria in water, soil, plants and air: a review

2013 ◽  
Vol 57 (No. 12) ◽  
pp. 623-679 ◽  
Author(s):  
K. Hruska ◽  
M. Kaevska
Keyword(s):  
Soft Tissues ◽  
Harmful Effect ◽  
Short Review ◽  
Published Data ◽  
The Public ◽  
Inflammatory Pathways ◽  
Environmental Mycobacteria ◽  
Animal Pathogens ◽  
Small Chemical

Amazingly, despite the 24 143 papers on mycobacteria, indexed in the Web of Science database during the last six years, published by 67 008 authors from 13 128 organizations located in 166 countries or territories, internationally accepted legal directives on how to control the public health risk associated with environmental mycobacteria have yet to be developed. Mycobacteria are human and animal pathogens, causing not only tuberculosis and leprosy, but mycobacterioses of skin, soft tissues and lung. Due to their cell wall composition and their adaptability mycobacteria can survive in different habitats for years. Their immunomodulatory ability has been recognised for more than 50 years and hundreds of papers published during the last two decades have demonstrated that small chemical products derived from mycobacterial cells participate in inflammatory pathways involved the pathogenesis of important human diseases like Crohn’s disease, asthma, type 1 diabetes mellitus, psoriasis, arthrosis, Blau syndrom, sarcoidosis, autism etc. Mycobacteria can influence inflammatory pathways not only as live organisms, but also by means of components derived from dead cells. Pasteurisation or cooking does not affect this ability. Hence, how many mycobacterial cells are ingested, what factors play a role concurrently, and how long the harmful effect persists become important questions. This paper presents only a short review based on selected papers about mycobacteria in water, soil, plants and air with the aim of attracting attention to this significant global problem and of making the first steps towards protection of people. Selected bibliographic references of published data from 2007 to 2012 are presented in easy-to-navigate tables.

scholarly journals Review: Environmental mycobacteria as a cause of human infection

2015 ◽  
Vol 4 (2) ◽  
pp. 81-91 ◽  
Author(s):  
Samuel Halstrom ◽  
Patricia Price ◽  
Rachel Thomson
Keyword(s):  
Human Infection ◽  
Environmental Mycobacteria
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