Molecular epidemiology of rotavirus gastroenteritis in Japan during 2014-2015: Characterization of re-emerging G2P[4] after rotavirus vaccine introduction

2018 ◽  
Vol 90 (6) ◽  
pp. 1040-1046 ◽  
Author(s):  
Nusrat Khandoker ◽  
Aksara Thongprachum ◽  
Sayaka Takanashi ◽  
Shoko Okitsu ◽  
Shuichi Nishimura ◽  
...  
Keyword(s):  
Molecular Epidemiology ◽  
Rotavirus Vaccine ◽  
Vaccine Introduction ◽  
Rotavirus Gastroenteritis

scholarly journals Molecular epidemiology of rotavirus in the era of vaccination

2012 ◽  
Vol 33 (2) ◽  
pp. 64 ◽  
Author(s):  
Celeste Donato
Keyword(s):  
Young Children ◽  
Molecular Epidemiology ◽  
Burden Of Disease ◽  
Acute Gastroenteritis ◽  
Morbidity And Mortality ◽  
Aetiological Agent ◽  
Selection Pressures ◽  
Vaccine Introduction ◽  
Rotavirus Gastroenteritis

Rotavirus is the principal aetiological agent of severe acute gastroenteritis in young children worldwide. Two vaccines, Rotarix [GlaxoSmithKline] and RotaTeq [Merck], have been developed to address the large burden of disease experienced worldwide. Both vaccines have been successful in decreasing morbidity and mortality associated with rotavirus gastroenteritis. Minor fluctuations in rotavirus epidemiology have been observed since vaccine introduction. However, it is unclear whether these observations are due to selection pressures specific to vaccine introduction or due to natural genotype fluctuations.

scholarly journals Emergence of Double- and Triple-Gene Reassortant G1P[8] Rotaviruses Possessing a DS-1-Like Backbone after Rotavirus Vaccine Introduction in Malawi

2017 ◽  
Vol 92 (3) ◽  
Author(s):  
Khuzwayo C. Jere ◽  
Chrispin Chaguza ◽  
Naor Bar-Zeev ◽  
Jenna Lowe ◽  
Chikondi Peno ◽  
...  
Keyword(s):  
Amino Acid ◽  
Vaccine Effectiveness ◽  
Recent Common Ancestor ◽  
Rotavirus Vaccine ◽  
Careful Evaluation ◽  
African Countries ◽  
Vaccine Introduction ◽  
Rotavirus Gastroenteritis ◽  
Structural Conformation ◽  
Rotavirus Vaccines

ABSTRACT To combat the high burden of rotavirus gastroenteritis, multiple African countries have introduced rotavirus vaccines into their childhood immunization programs. Malawi incorporated a G1P[8] rotavirus vaccine (Rotarix) into its immunization schedule in 2012. Utilizing a surveillance platform of hospitalized rotavirus gastroenteritis cases, we examined the phylodynamics of G1P[8] rotavirus strains that circulated in Malawi before (1998 to 2012) and after (2013 to 2014) vaccine introduction. Analysis of whole genomes obtained through next-generation sequencing revealed that all randomly selected prevaccine G1P[8] strains sequenced ( n = 32) possessed a Wa-like genetic constellation, whereas postvaccine G1P[8] strains ( n = 18) had a DS-1-like constellation. Phylodynamic analyses indicated that postvaccine G1P[8] strains emerged through reassortment events between human Wa- and DS-1-like rotaviruses that circulated in Malawi from the 1990s and hence were classified as atypical DS-1-like reassortants. The time to the most recent common ancestor for G1P[8] strains was from 1981 to 1994; their evolutionary rates ranged from 9.7 × 10 −4 to 4.1 × 10 −3 nucleotide substitutions/site/year. Three distinct G1P[8] lineages chronologically replaced each other between 1998 and 2014. Genetic drift was the likely driver for lineage turnover in 2005, whereas replacement in 2013 was due to reassortment. Amino acid substitution within the outer glycoprotein VP7 of G1P[8] strains had no impact on the structural conformation of the antigenic regions, suggesting that it is unlikely that they would affect recognition by vaccine-induced neutralizing antibodies. While the emergence of DS-1-like G1P[8] rotavirus reassortants in Malawi was therefore likely due to natural genotype variation, vaccine effectiveness against such strains needs careful evaluation. IMPORTANCE The error-prone RNA-dependent RNA polymerase and the segmented RNA genome predispose rotaviruses to genetic mutation and genome reassortment, respectively. These evolutionary mechanisms generate novel strains and have the potential to lead to the emergence of vaccine escape mutants. While multiple African countries have introduced a rotavirus vaccine, there are few data describing the evolution of rotaviruses that circulated before and after vaccine introduction. We report the emergence of atypical DS-1-like G1P[8] strains during the postvaccine era in Malawi. Three distinct G1P[8] lineages circulated chronologically from 1998 to 2014; mutation and reassortment drove lineage turnover in 2005 and 2013, respectively. Amino acid substitutions within the outer capsid VP7 glycoprotein did not affect the structural conformation of mapped antigenic sites, suggesting a limited effect on the recognition of G1-specific vaccine-derived antibodies. The genes that constitute the remaining genetic backbone may play important roles in immune evasion, and vaccine effectiveness against such atypical strains needs careful evaluation.

scholarly journals Sustained impact of rotavirus vaccine introduction on rotavirus gastroenteritis hospitalizations in children <5 years of age, Ghana, 2009–2016

Vaccine ◽  
2018 ◽  
Vol 36 (47) ◽  
pp. 7131-7134 ◽  
Author(s):  
Christabel C. Enweronu-Laryea ◽  
George Armah ◽  
Kwamena W. Sagoe ◽  
Daniel Ansong ◽  
Emmanuel Addo-Yobo ◽  
...  
Keyword(s):  
Rotavirus Vaccine ◽  
Vaccine Introduction ◽  
Rotavirus Gastroenteritis

scholarly journals Study the Distribution of Rotavirus Genotypes in Vaccinated and non Vaccinated Children in Babylon Province

2021 ◽  
Vol 30 (2) ◽  
pp. 167-176
Author(s):  
Qassim Mahdi Mutlak ◽  
Manal Khalid Abdulridha ◽  
Laith M Abbas Al-Huseini
Keyword(s):  
Genetic Characterization ◽  
Rotavirus Vaccine ◽  
Rt Pcr ◽  
Rotavirus Gastroenteritis ◽  
Rotavirus Vaccines ◽  
National Immunization ◽  
Significant Difference ◽  
Polymerase Chain ◽  
Age Range

Rotaviruses, a major cause of gastroenteritis in children worldwide accounts for around half a million deaths annually. Vaccine against the virus has been recommended by the WHO to be involved in the national immunization program.To evaluate the genetic characterization of rotavirus among children with acute gastroenteritis in Babylon province is warranted. Children complained of diarrhea with rotavirus infection detected in their stool were involved in the study. The age range was 10 months to 60 months and with retrogradechecking of rotavirus vaccine history. Rotavirus genotypes were detected by reverse transcription-polymerase chain reaction (RT-PCR).A total number of 40 children with rotavirus gastroenteritis were used to examine the rotavirus genotyping distribution. The prevalent genotypes were found to be G1, G9, and G2. No significant difference in the distribution of the length of diarrhea according to genotype. Vaccinated children exhibited significantly higher percentage of G2 while G1 and G9 were presented more considerably in not vaccinated children.We detected a variety of rotavirus strains includingthe major global genotypes.Obviously, rotavirus strains are continuing to vary in Iraq. The vaccination changes the genotype prevalence and this situation may create challenges to the effectiveness of rotavirus vaccines and planning for future polices.   Keywords: Rotavirus, Vaccine, Genotype.

scholarly journals Molecular Epidemiology of Rotavirus Strains in Symptomatic and Asymptomatic Children in Manhiça District, Southern Mozambique 2008–2019

Viruses ◽  
2022 ◽  
Vol 14 (1) ◽  
pp. 134
Author(s):  
Filomena Manjate ◽  
Eva D. João ◽  
Percina Chirinda ◽  
Marcelino Garrine ◽  
Delfino Vubil ◽  
...  
Keyword(s):  
Polymerase Chain Reaction ◽  
Molecular Epidemiology ◽  
Rotavirus Vaccine ◽  
Severe Diarrhoea ◽  
Chain Reaction ◽  
Vaccine Introduction ◽  
Asymptomatic Children ◽  
Group A Rotaviruses ◽  
Group A ◽  
Polymerase Chain

Group A rotaviruses remain the leading cause of diarrhoea in children aged <5 years. Mozambique introduced rotavirus vaccine (Rotarix®) in September 2015. We report rotavirus genotypes circulating among symptomatic and asymptomatic children in Manhiça District, Mozambique, pre- and post-vaccine introduction. Stool was collected from enrolled children and screened for rotavirus by enzyme-immuno-sorbent assay. Positive specimens were genotyped for VP7 (G genotypes) and VP4 (P genotypes) by the conventional reverse transcriptase polymerase chain reaction. The combination G12P[8] was more frequently observed in pre-vaccine than in post-vaccine introduction, in moderate to severe diarrhoea (34%, 61/177 vs. 0, p < 0.0001) and controls (23%, 26/113 vs. 0, p = 0.0013) and mixed genotypes (36%, 24/67 vs. 7% 4/58, p = 0.0003) in less severe diarrhoea. We observed changes in post-vaccine compared to pre-vaccine introduction, where G3P[4] and G3P[8] were prevalent in moderate to severe diarrhoea (10%, 5/49 vs. 0, p = 0.0002; and 14%, 7/49 vs. 1%, 1/177, p < 0.0001; respectively), and in less severe diarrhoea (21%, 12/58 vs. 0, p = 0.003; and 24%, 14/58 vs. 0, p < 0.0001; respectively). Our surveillance demonstrated the circulation of similar genotypes contemporaneously among cases and controls, as well as switching from pre- to post-vaccine introduction. Continuous surveillance is needed to evaluate the dynamics of the changes in genotypes following vaccine introduction.

Molecular epidemiology of rotavirus gastroenteritis in Central Kenya before vaccine introduction, 2009-2014

2016 ◽  
Vol 89 (5) ◽  
pp. 809-817 ◽  
Author(s):  
Ernest A. Wandera ◽  
Shah Mohammad ◽  
Satoshi Komoto ◽  
Yoshimasa Maeno ◽  
James Nyangao ◽  
...  
Keyword(s):  
Molecular Epidemiology ◽  
Vaccine Introduction ◽  
Rotavirus Gastroenteritis ◽  
Central Kenya

scholarly journals Benign Convulsions with Mild Rotavirus and Norovirus Gastroenteritis: Nationwide Data from the Health Insurance Review and Assessment Service in South Korea

Children ◽  
2021 ◽  
Vol 8 (4) ◽  
pp. 263
Author(s):  
Dong Hyun Kim ◽  
Dong Jun Ha ◽  
Yeong Seok Lee ◽  
Min Jun Chun ◽  
Young Se Kwon
Keyword(s):  
Health Insurance ◽  
South Korea ◽  
Large Scale ◽  
Rotavirus Vaccine ◽  
Annual Increase ◽  
Rotavirus Vaccination ◽  
Rotavirus Gastroenteritis ◽  
Norovirus Gastroenteritis ◽  
Increasing Trend

There have been no large-scale studies on the epidemiology of benign convulsions with mild gastroenteritis (CwG) since the introduction of the rotavirus vaccine in South Korea in 2007. This study aimed to analyze the trends in rotavirus gastroenteritis (RVGE) and rotavirus-associated CwG (RaCwG) after rotavirus vaccination. Further, we aimed to analyze changes in norovirus gastroenteritis (NVGE) and norovirus-associated CwG (NaCwG) using nationwide data from the Korean Health Insurance Review and Assessment Service. Between 2007 and 2019, this study analyzed children aged <6 years who were diagnosed with RVGE, NVGE, RaCwG and NaCwG. The changes in the prevalence of each disease and the ratio of CwG to enteritis were analyzed and the effects of age, sex and season were also analyzed. RVGE, RaCwG, NVGE and NaCwG were diagnosed in 273,898, 4246, 35,593 and 337 patients, respectively. The prevalence of RVGE was on a decreasing trend every year, but the prevalence of NaCwG and NVGE was on an increasing trend. There was a significant annual increase in the ratio of CwG to enteritis in both viruses. In order to control the prevalence of RaCwG, measures other than the rotavirus vaccine are required and measures to prevent norovirus are necessary.

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