scholarly journals A clip‐based protocol for breast boost radiotherapy provides clear target visualisation and demonstrates significant volume reduction over time

2015 ◽  
Vol 62 (3) ◽  
pp. 177-183 ◽  
Author(s):  
Lorraine Lewis ◽  
Jennifer Cox ◽  
Marita Morgia ◽  
John Atyeo ◽  
Gillian Lamoury
Keyword(s):  
Volume Reduction ◽  
Significant Volume ◽  
Boost Radiotherapy ◽  
Over Time

scholarly journals S170. PROGRESSIVE SUBCORTICAL VOLUME LOSS IN TREATMENT-RESISTANT SCHIZOPHRENIA PATIENTS AFTER COMMENCING CLOZAPINE TREATMENT

2020 ◽  
Vol 46 (Supplement_1) ◽  
pp. S101-S102
Author(s):  
Giulia Tronchin ◽  
Theophilus N Akudjedu ◽  
Mohamed Ahmed ◽  
Brian Hallahan ◽  
Dara M Cannon ◽  
...  
Keyword(s):  
Volume Reduction ◽  
Symptom Improvement ◽  
Treatment Resistant ◽  
Subcortical Structures ◽  
Clinical Variables ◽  
Clozapine Treatment ◽  
Subcortical Brain ◽  
Subcortical Volumes ◽  
Over Time

Abstract Background The association of antipsychotic medication with abnormal brain morphometry in schizophrenia remains uncertain. Early studies investigating a switch from first generation antipsychotic to clozapine have steadily shown a decrease of caudate volume over time; however nowadays most patients are already on second generation antipsychotic medications prior to clozapine commencement and it remains unclear whether switching to clozapine in such circumstances would have any such effect on the basal ganglia. In this study we aimed to comprehensively investigate whether after 6 months of switching to clozapine, subcortical structures demonstrate any progressively neuroanatomical changes in patients with treatment-resistant schizophrenia compared to healthy controls, and whether any such changes are related to clinical variables including treatment response and amount of clozapine taken. Methods MRI images were acquired for all participants at baseline and after 6 months at University Hospital Galway in a 1.5 T scanner. The longitudinal pipeline of Freesurfer v.5.3.0, based on an unbiased within-subject anatomical template, was employed to segment eight subcortical regions-of-interest: lateral ventricle, thalamus, caudate, putamen, globus pallidus, hippocampus, amygdala and nucleus accumbens. Subcortical volumes were bilaterally extracted following quality check of raw data and segmentation. Clinical assessments included the Positive and Negative Syndrome Scale (PANSS), The Scale for the Assessment of Positive Symptoms (SAPS), The Scale for the Assessment of Negative Symptoms (SANS) and Global Assessment Functioning Score (GAF). Two-way repeated ANCOVA was used to assess group differences in subcortical volumes over time and partial correlations to determine association with clinical variables. Change in volume was expressed using the following formula: (Follow Up -Baseline)/Baseline x 100. Results 33 patients with treatment-resistant schizophrenia (TRS) and 31 healthy volunteers (HC) matched for sex and age were successfully recruited at both baseline prior to clozapine treatment and after 6 months. There was a significant effect of time on subcortical brain volumes between TRS and controls (F(7,143)= 52.54, p<0.001). Corrected post-hoc analyses demonstrated that patients had significant enlargement of lateral ventricles (F(1,59)= 48.89; p<0.001) and reduction of thalamus (F(1,59)= 34.85; p<0.001), caudate (F(1,59)= 59.35; p<0.001), putamen (F(1,59)= 87.20; p<0.001) and hippocampus (F(1,59)= 14.49; p<0.001) volumes. Thalamus and putamen volume reduction was associated with improvement in PANSS (r=0.42; p=0.021, r=0.39; p=0.033), SANS (r=0.36; p=0.049, r=0.40; p=0.027) and GAF (r=-0.39; p=0.038, r=-0.42; p=0.024). Reduced thalamic volume over time was associated with increased serum level at follow-up (r=-0.44; p=0.010). There was no significant overall effect of time on subcortical brain structures between patients responding to clozapine compared to patients non-responding to clozapine (F(7,20)=0.50; p=0.834). Discussion This study demonstrates that, despite the clinical and functional improvement of most patients with schizophrenia who are switched to clozapine, there is a counterintuitive progressive volume reduction in several subcortical structures over time. Furthermore, patients who have the greatest symptomatic improvement display the largest thalamo-putaminal reductions, indicating that volume reduction reflects an adaptive response associated with symptom improvement rather than a harmful or neurotoxic process in these patients.

A Greenfield Thermal Drying/Oxidation System: Significant Volume Reduction with a Reduced Carbon Footprint

2009 ◽  
Vol 2009 (3) ◽  
pp. 1044-1055
Author(s):  
Terry Goss ◽  
Louis Ortenzio ◽  
John Graupman ◽  
Bradley DeWolf ◽  
Tom Klett ◽  
...  
Keyword(s):  
Carbon Footprint ◽  
Volume Reduction ◽  
Significant Volume ◽  
Thermal Drying ◽  
Oxidation System

S29ACCELERATED CORTICAL THINNING AND VOLUME REDUCTION OVER TIME IN YOUNG PEOPLE AT HIGH GENETIC RISK FOR BIPOLAR DISORDER

2019 ◽  
Vol 29 ◽  
pp. S129
Author(s):  
Philip Mitchell ◽  
Gloria Roberts ◽  
Rhoshel K. Lenroot ◽  
Bronwyn Overs ◽  
Janice Fullerton ◽  
...  
Keyword(s):  
Bipolar Disorder ◽  
Young People ◽  
Genetic Risk ◽  
Volume Reduction ◽  
Cortical Thinning ◽  
High Genetic Risk ◽  
Over Time

scholarly journals Symptomatic Abdominal Simple Cysts: Is Percutaneous Sclerotherapy with Hypertonic Saline and Bleomycin a Treatment Option?

2015 ◽  
Vol 2015 ◽  
pp. 1-11 ◽  
Author(s):  
V. D. Souftas ◽  
M. Kosmidou ◽  
M. Karanikas ◽  
D. Souftas ◽  
G. Menexes ◽  
...  
Keyword(s):  
Hypertonic Saline ◽  
Treatment Option ◽  
Reduction Rate ◽  
Volume Reduction ◽  
Simple Cyst ◽  
Ct Guided ◽  
Percutaneous Approach ◽  
Modified Method ◽  
Percutaneous Sclerotherapy ◽  
Over Time

Aim.To evaluate the feasibility of percutaneous sclerotherapy of symptomatic simple abdominal cysts, using hypertonic saline and bleomycin, as an alternative to surgery.Materials and Methods.This study involved fourteen consecutive patients (ten women, four men, mean age: 59.2 y) with nineteen symptomatic simple cysts (livern=14, kidneyn=3, and adrenaln=2) treated percutaneously using a modified method. Initially CT-guided drainage was performed; the next day the integrity of the cyst/exclusion of extravasation or communications was evaluated under fluoroscopy, followed by two injections/reabsorptions of the same quantity of hypertonic NaCl 15% solution and three-time repetition of the same procedure with the addition of bleomycin. The catheter was then removed; the patients were hospitalized for 12 hours and underwent follow-ups on 1st, 3rd, 6th, and 12th months. Cyst’s volumes and the reduction rate (%) were calculated in each evaluation.Results.No pain or complications were noted. A significant cyst’s volume reduction was documented over time (P<0.001). On the 12th month 17 cysts disappeared and two displayed a 98.7% and 68.9% reduction, respectively.Conclusion.This percutaneous approach constitutes a very promising nonsurgical alternative for patients with symptomatic simple cyst, without complications under proper precautions, leading to eliminating the majority of cysts.

scholarly journals Significant Volume Reduction and Shape Abnormalities of the Basal Ganglia in Cases of Chronic Liver Cirrhosis

2011 ◽  
Vol 33 (2) ◽  
pp. 239-245 ◽  
Author(s):  
W.-C. Lin ◽  
K.-H. Chou ◽  
C.-L. Chen ◽  
C.-H. Chen ◽  
H.-L. Chen ◽  
...  
Keyword(s):  
Liver Cirrhosis ◽  
Basal Ganglia ◽  
Chronic Liver ◽  
Volume Reduction ◽  
Significant Volume

Social transmission bias and the cultural evolution of folk-economic beliefs

2018 ◽  
Vol 41 ◽  
Author(s):  
David Hirshleifer ◽  
Siew Hong Teoh
Keyword(s):  
Cultural Evolution ◽  
Social Transmission ◽  
Cognitive Approach ◽  
Economic Problems ◽  
Economic Attitudes ◽  
The Social ◽  
Economic Beliefs ◽  
Over Time

AbstractEvolved dispositions influence, but do not determine, how people think about economic problems. The evolutionary cognitive approach offers important insights but underweights the social transmission of ideas as a level of explanation. The need for asocialexplanation for the evolution of economic attitudes is evidenced, for example, by immense variations in folk-economic beliefs over time and across individuals.

Articulatory Generalization in Two Word-Medial, Ambisyllabic Contexts

1988 ◽  
Vol 19 (3) ◽  
pp. 251-258 ◽  
Author(s):  
Virginia I. Wolfe ◽  
Suzanne D. Blocker ◽  
Norma J. Prater
Keyword(s):  
Common View ◽  
Perceptual Salience ◽  
The Common ◽  
Unitary Concept ◽  
Over Time

Articulatory generalization of velar cognates /k/, /g/ in two phonologically disordered children was studied over time as a function of sequential word-morpheme position training. Although patterns of contextual acquisition differed, correct responses to the word-medial, inflected context (e.g., "picking," "hugging") occurred earlier and exceeded those to the word-medial, noninflected context (e.g., "bacon," "wagon"). This finding indicates that the common view of the word-medial position as a unitary concept is an oversimplification. Possible explanations for superior generalization to the word-medial, inflected position are discussed in terms of coarticulation, perceptual salience, and the representational integrity of the word.

Treatment Fidelity Procedures for an Aphasia Intervention Within a Randomized Controlled Trial: Design, Feasibility, and Results

2020 ◽  
Vol 29 (1S) ◽  
pp. 412-424
Author(s):  
Elissa L. Conlon ◽  
Emily J. Braun ◽  
Edna M. Babbitt ◽  
Leora R. Cherney
Keyword(s):  
Randomized Controlled Trial ◽  
Controlled Trial ◽  
Treatment Protocol ◽  
Treatment Fidelity ◽  
Protocol Adherence ◽  
Study Condition ◽  
Randomized Controlled ◽  
Aphasia Therapy ◽  
Percent Accuracy ◽  
Over Time

Purpose This study reports on the treatment fidelity procedures implemented during a 5-year randomized controlled trial comparing intensive and distributed comprehensive aphasia therapy. Specifically, the results of 1 treatment, verb network strengthening treatment (VNeST), are examined. Method Eight participants were recruited for each of 7 consecutive cohorts for a total of 56 participants. Participants completed 60 hr of aphasia therapy, including 15 hr of VNeST. Two experienced speech-language pathologists delivered the treatment. To promote treatment fidelity, the study team developed a detailed manual of procedures and fidelity checklists, completed role plays to standardize treatment administration, and video-recorded all treatment sessions for review. To assess protocol adherence during treatment delivery, trained research assistants not involved in the treatment reviewed video recordings of a subset of randomly selected VNeST treatment sessions and completed the fidelity checklists. This process was completed for 32 participants representing 2 early cohorts and 2 later cohorts, which allowed for measurement of protocol adherence over time. Percent accuracy of protocol adherence was calculated across clinicians, cohorts, and study condition (intensive vs. distributed therapy). Results The fidelity procedures were sufficient to promote and verify a high level of adherence to the treatment protocol across clinicians, cohorts, and study condition. Conclusion Treatment fidelity strategies and monitoring are feasible when incorporated into the study design. Treatment fidelity monitoring should be completed at regular intervals during the course of a study to ensure that high levels of protocol adherence are maintained over time and across conditions.

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