scholarly journals Measurements of wall shear stress and aortic pulse wave velocity in swine with familial hypercholesterolemia

2014 ◽  
Vol 41 (5) ◽  
pp. 1475-1485 ◽  
Author(s):  
Andrew L. Wentland ◽  
Oliver Wieben ◽  
Dhanansayan Shanmuganayagam ◽  
Christian G. Krueger ◽  
Jennifer J. Meudt ◽  
...  
Keyword(s):  
Shear Stress ◽  
Wall Shear Stress ◽  
Pulse Wave Velocity ◽  
Familial Hypercholesterolemia ◽  
Wave Velocity ◽  
Pulse Wave ◽  
Aortic Pulse Wave Velocity ◽  
Wall Shear

1.1 CAROTID ENDOTHELIAL SHEAR STRESS ASSESSED BY 3T-MRI IS ASSOCIATED WITH AORTIC PULSE WAVE VELOCITY IN HEALTHY VOLUNTEERS

2010 ◽  
Vol 4 (4) ◽  
pp. 144
Author(s):  
R. Duivenvoorden ◽  
B. van den Boogaard ◽  
A.G. Holleboom ◽  
A.J. Nederveen ◽  
J.S. Lameris ◽  
...  
Keyword(s):  
Shear Stress ◽  
Pulse Wave Velocity ◽  
Healthy Volunteers ◽  
Wave Velocity ◽  
Pulse Wave ◽  
Aortic Pulse Wave Velocity ◽  
3T Mri ◽  
Endothelial Shear Stress

scholarly journals Change in the aortic pulse wave velocity in children with familial hypercholesterolemia

2021 ◽  
Vol 26 (6) ◽  
pp. 640-647
Author(s):  
L. F. Galimova ◽  
D. I. Sadykova ◽  
E. S. Slastnikova ◽  
D. I. Marapov
Keyword(s):  
Arterial Stiffness ◽  
Pulse Wave Velocity ◽  
Total Cholesterol ◽  
Familial Hypercholesterolemia ◽  
Wave Velocity ◽  
Pulse Wave ◽  
Aortic Pulse Wave Velocity ◽  
Main Group ◽  
Control Group ◽  
Healthy Children

Background. Familial hypercholesterolemia (FH) is the genetic disease characterized by an increase in the levels of total cholesterol and low density lipoproteins since childhood. The aim of the study was to assess arterial stiffness in children with heterozygous FH by measuring pulse wave velocity (PWV) in the aorta. Design and methods. The study involved 118 children. Of these, 60 healthy children were in the control group and 58 children with the diagnosis of heterozygous FH were included in the main group. Both groups were divided into 3 age subgroups: from 5 to 7 years old, from 8 to 12 years old and from 13 to 17 years old. The diagnosis of FH was made according to the British criteria by Simon Broome. The lipid profile was determined for all children, blood pressure was monitored daily with the estimate of the minimum, average and maximum PWV (PWVmin, PWVav, PWVmax) in aorta using oscillometric method. Results. In the younger age subgroup (5–7 years), there were no significant differences in PWV between main and control groups. In children aged 8–12 years, the main group was characterized by significantly higher values of maximum PWV compared to healthy peers — 5,1 [4,7–5,8] and 4,6 [4,45–5,05] m/s, respectively (p = 0,041). In group of children with FH aged 13–17 years, compared to the control group, a significant increase in the minimum PWV was observed — 4,7 [4,1–5,1] and 3,9 [3,5–4,1] m/s, respectively (p = 0,009), average PWV — 5,5 [4,8–6,4] and 4,5 [4,2–4,9] m/s, respectively (p = 0,009), and maximum PWV — 6,2 [5,7–7,55] and 5,4 [5,05–5,6] m/s, respectively (p = 0,007). Correlation analysis in patients with FH showed direct correlation between PWVmin, PWVav and PWVmax with total cholesterol (r = 0,46, r = 0,46 and r = 0,464, respectively, p < 0,001). Conclusions. Our study demonstrates an increase in the PWV in the aorta in children with FH compared with healthy peers from 8–12 years of age. There is a further progression of arterial stiffness with an increase in the minimum, average and maximum PWV most significant in the group of 13–17 years.

scholarly journals Wall shear stress angle determines aortic growth in patients with bicuspid aortic valves

2021 ◽  
Vol 22 (Supplement_2) ◽  
Author(s):  
SCS Minderhoud ◽  
JW Roos-Hesselink ◽  
RG Chelu ◽  
LR Bons ◽  
AT Van Den Hoven ◽  
...  
Keyword(s):  
Shear Stress ◽  
Wall Shear Stress ◽  
Pulse Wave Velocity ◽  
Wave Velocity ◽  
Healthy Subjects ◽  
Pulse Wave ◽  
Independent Predictor ◽  
Ascending Aorta ◽  
Volumetric Growth ◽  
Aortic Valves

Abstract Funding Acknowledgements Type of funding sources: Private grant(s) and/or Sponsorship. Main funding source(s): The Dutch Heart Foundation Background Patients with bicuspid aortic valve (BAV) have altered flow velocity patterns with different wall shear stress (WSS) distributions in the ascending aorta compared to patients with tricuspid aortic valves. These WSS distributions are associated with aortic dilatation in cross sectional studies, however, longitudinal data demonstrating a potential causative role is missing. Purpose The aim of this study was to assess the differences in WSS distributions between BAV patients and healthy subjects and to determine the predictive value of WSS for aortic growth in patients with a BAV. Methods Forty patients with a BAV and 32 healthy matched subjects were prospectively studied by 4D-flow cardiovascular magnetic resonance (CMR). Peak velocity, pulse wave velocity, aortic distensibility, peak systolic WSS (magnitude), the different WSS components (axial and circumferential), and WSS angle were assessed in the proximal ascending aorta. WSS angle was defined as the angle between the WSSmagnitude and WSSaxial component. In the BAV patients, aortic volumetric growth over three years was determined in the proximal ascending aorta (first 5cm) based on CT angiography. Multivariate linear regression analysis was used to identify independent predictors of aortic volumetric growth. Results Of the BAV patients, 21 (53%) had a left-right fusion pattern and eight patients had Turner syndrome. WSSaxial was significantly lower in BAV patients compared to healthy subjects (p = 0.008) and WSScircumferential and WSS angle were significantly higher (both p &lt; 0.001, see Figure). WSSmagnitude, pulse wave velocity, and aorta distensibility were not statistically significant different. WSSmagnitude (0.69 N/m² [0.51-0.81] vs 1.08 N/m² [0.89-1.24], p = 0.005), WSSaxial (0.50 N/m² [0.39-0.61] vs 0.72 N/m²  [0.54-0.94], p = 0.015) and WSScircumferential (0.34 N/m² [0.32-0.46] vs 0.64 N/m² [0.47-0.81], p = 0.008) were significantly lower in BAV Turner patients compared to BAV non-Turner patients, while WSS angle (40° [34-41] vs 40° [32-48], p = 0.607) was not statistically significant different. During a follow-up of three years, there was a significant growth of the proximal ascending aorta in the BAV patients (1.2 cm3 [-0.2-2.5], p = 0.001). In multivariate analysis corrected for baseline aortic volume and diastolic blood pressure, WSS angle was the only independent predictor for proximal aortic volume growth (β=0.108, p = 0.030). Conclusions Increased WSScircumferential and especially WSS angle are present in patients with BAV. WSS angle was the only independent predictor of aortic growth. These findings highlight the potential role of  WSS measurements in patients with BAV to stratify patients at risk for aortic dilation.

scholarly journals Decreased rotational flow and circumferential wall shear stress as early markers of descending aorta dilation in Marfan syndrome: a 4D flow CMR study

2019 ◽  
Vol 21 (1) ◽  
Author(s):  
A. Guala ◽  
G. Teixido-Tura ◽  
L. Dux-Santoy ◽  
C. Granato ◽  
A. Ruiz-Muñoz ◽  
...  
Keyword(s):  
Shear Stress ◽  
Wall Shear Stress ◽  
Pulse Wave Velocity ◽  
Marfan Syndrome ◽  
Pulse Wave ◽  
Rotational Flow ◽  
4D Flow ◽  
Descending Aorta ◽  
Early Markers ◽  
Wall Shear

Abstract Background Diseases of the descending aorta have emerged as a clinical issue in Marfan syndrome following improvements in proximal aorta surgical treatment and the consequent increase in life expectancy. Although a role for hemodynamic alterations in the etiology of descending aorta disease in Marfan patients has been suggested, whether flow characteristics may be useful as early markers remains to be determined. Methods Seventy-five Marfan patients and 48 healthy subjects were prospectively enrolled. In- and through-plane vortexes were computed by 4D flow cardiovascular magnetic resonance (CMR) in the thoracic aorta through the quantification of in-plane rotational flow and systolic flow reversal ratio, respectively. Regional pulse wave velocity and axial and circumferential wall shear stress maps were also computed. Results In-plane rotational flow and circumferential wall shear stress were reduced in Marfan patients in the distal ascending aorta and in proximal descending aorta, even in the 20 patients free of aortic dilation. Multivariate analysis showed reduced in-plane rotational flow to be independently related to descending aorta pulse wave velocity. Conversely, systolic flow reversal ratio and axial wall shear stress were altered in unselected Marfan patients but not in the subgroup without dilation. In multivariate regression analysis proximal descending aorta axial (p = 0.014) and circumferential (p = 0.034) wall shear stress were independently related to local diameter. Conclusions Reduced rotational flow is present in the aorta of Marfan patients even in the absence of dilation, is related to aortic stiffness and drives abnormal circumferential wall shear stress. Axial and circumferential wall shear stress are independently related to proximal descending aorta dilation beyond clinical factors. In-plane rotational flow and circumferential wall shear stress may be considered as an early marker of descending aorta dilation in Marfan patients.

scholarly journals Leaflets fusion length in bicuspid aortic valve is related to ascending and aortic root dilation and ascending aorta wall shear stress

2021 ◽  
Vol 22 (Supplement_1) ◽  
Author(s):  
A Guala ◽  
A Evangelista ◽  
L La Mura ◽  
G Teixido-Tura ◽  
L Dux-Santoy ◽  
...  
Keyword(s):  
Shear Stress ◽  
Aortic Valve ◽  
Wall Shear Stress ◽  
Stroke Volume ◽  
Pulse Wave Velocity ◽  
Healthy Volunteers ◽  
Wave Velocity ◽  
Aortic Root ◽  
Pulse Wave ◽  
Ascending Aorta

Abstract Funding Acknowledgements Type of funding sources: Public Institution(s). Main funding source(s): Spanish Ministry of Science, Innovation and Universities, Instituto de Salud Carlos III Background Bicuspid aortic valve (BAV) is the most common congenital heart defect, consisting in the fusion of two aortic valve leaflets. Altered flow patterns have been related to aortic wall degeneration in BAV patients and may be responsible for the high prevalence of aortic disease in these patients. A number of studies on excised BAV or using advanced imaging modalities reported a wide variability of fusion extent between leaflet, but no previous study assessed whether leaflet fusion length may be used to stratify BAV patients. Purpose We aimed to test whether leaflet fusion extent can be quantified by cardiac magnetic resonance imaging (CMR) and whether it is related to aortic dilation and flow abnormalities in non-dysfunctional BAV. Methods One hundred and twenty BAV adults with no previous aortic or aortic valve surgery or significant valvular disease were consecutively enrolled. Patients with two sinuses of Valsalva (true BAV) or fusion of the left and non-coronary cusps, both being rare forms of BAV, were excluded. Twenty-eight healthy volunteers were also included for comparison. A 4D flow CMR sequence was acquired and circumferential wall shear stress and pulse wave velocity were assessed in the ascending aorta. A stack of double-oblique cine images of the aortic valve were used to quantify the length of the fusion between leaflets. Results The length of the fusion between leaflets was effectively measured in 112/120 patients (93%). Reproducibility was good (ICC = 0.826). Fusion length varied greatly (range 2.3 – 15.4 mm, 7.8 ± 3.2 mm, tertiles cut-off points were 6 and 9.3 mm). After correction for age, BSA, stroke volume and BAV fusion morphotype, fusion length was independently associated with diameter at the sinus of Valsalva (p = 0.002). Moreover, once corrected for age, stroke volume and ascending aorta pulse wave velocity, fusion length was positively related to ascending aorta diameter (p = 0.028). The comparison of maps of circumferential peak-systolic WSS in healthy volunteers (left) and BAV patients pertaining to the three leaflet fusion length tertiles is shown in Figure 1. Circumferential WSS progressively increase with larger fusion length. This trend was statistically significant (p &lt; 0.05) in the right and outer regions of the proximal and mid ascending aorta. Conclusions Bicuspid aortic leaflet fusion length varies considerably and it is independently associated with ascending aorta and aortic root dilation, possibly through flow alterations. Abstract Figure 1

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