scholarly journals Initial in vivo experience with steady-state subzone-based MR elastography of the human breast

2002 ◽  
Vol 17 (1) ◽  
pp. 72-85 ◽  
Author(s):  
Elijah E.W. Van Houten ◽  
Marvin M. Doyley ◽  
Francis E. Kennedy ◽  
John B. Weaver ◽  
Keith D. Paulsen
Keyword(s):  
Steady State ◽  
Mr Elastography ◽  
Human Breast

scholarly journals MRCKα Is Dispensable for Breast Cancer Development in the MMTV-PyMT Model

Cells ◽  
2021 ◽  
Vol 10 (4) ◽  
pp. 942
Author(s):  
Mei Qi Kwa ◽  
Rafael Brandao ◽  
Trong H. Phung ◽  
Jianfeng Ge ◽  
Giuseppe Scieri ◽  
...  
Keyword(s):  
Breast Cancer ◽  
Gene Expression Signature ◽  
Genomic Analysis ◽  
Cancer Development ◽  
Breast Cancer Cell Lines ◽  
Normal Mammary Gland ◽  
Breast Cancers ◽  
Human Breast ◽  
Breast Cancer Development

MRCKα is a ubiquitously expressed serine/threonine kinase involved in cell contraction and F-actin turnover, which is highly amplified in human breast cancer and part of a gene expression signature for bad prognosis. Nothing is known about the in vivo function of MRCKα. To explore MRCKα function in development and in breast cancer, we generated mice lacking a functional MRCKα gene. Mice were born close to the Mendelian ratio and showed no obvious phenotype including a normal mammary gland formation. Assessing breast cancer development using the transgenic MMTV-PyMT mouse model, loss of MRCKα did not affect tumor onset, tumor growth and metastasis formation. Deleting MRCKα and its related family member MRCKβ in two triple-negative breast cancer cell lines resulted in reduced invasion of MDA-MB-231 cells, but did not affect migration of 4T1 cells. Further genomic analysis of human breast cancers revealed that MRCKα is frequently co-amplified with the oncogenes ARID4B and AKT3 which might contribute to the prognostic value of MRCKα expression. Collectively, these data suggest that MRCKα might be a prognostic marker for breast cancer, but probably of limited functional importance.

scholarly journals Inducible ablation of mouse Langerhans cells diminishes but fails to abrogate contact hypersensitivity

2005 ◽  
Vol 169 (4) ◽  
pp. 569-576 ◽  
Author(s):  
Clare L. Bennett ◽  
Erwin van Rijn ◽  
Steffen Jung ◽  
Kayo Inaba ◽  
Ralph M. Steinman ◽  
...  
Keyword(s):  
Dendritic Cells ◽  
Steady State ◽  
Diphtheria Toxin ◽  
Langerhans Cells ◽  
Contact Hypersensitivity ◽  
Relative Importance ◽  
Skin Immunity

Langerhans cells (LC) form a unique subset of dendritic cells (DC) in the epidermis but so far their in vivo functions in skin immunity and tolerance could not be determined, in particular in relation to dermal DC (dDC). Here, we exploit a novel diphtheria toxin (DT) receptor (DTR)/DT-based system to achieve inducible ablation of LC without affecting the skin environment. Within 24 h after intra-peritoneal injection of DT into Langerin-DTR mice LC are completely depleted from the epidermis and only begin to return 4 wk later. LC deletion occurs by apoptosis in the absence of inflammation and, in particular, the dDC compartment is not affected. In LC-depleted mice contact hypersensitivity (CHS) responses are significantly decreased, although ear swelling still occurs indicating that dDC can mediate CHS when necessary. Our results establish Langerin-DTR mice as a unique tool to study LC function in the steady state and to explore their relative importance compared with dDC in orchestrating skin immunity and tolerance.

Noradrenaline-induced calorigenesis in warm- or cold-acclimated rats. In vivo estimation of adrenoceptor concentration of noradrenaline effecting half-maximal response

1980 ◽  
Vol 58 (9) ◽  
pp. 1072-1077 ◽  
Author(s):  
Florent Depocas ◽  
Gloria Zaror-Behrens ◽  
Suzanne Lacelle
Keyword(s):  
Adipose Tissue ◽  
Steady State ◽  
Brown Adipose Tissue ◽  
Maximal Response ◽  
Brown Adipose ◽  
Acclimation Group ◽  
Arterial Plasma ◽  
State Concentration ◽  
Na Uptake

Desmethylimipramine (DMI, 1 mg DMI∙HCl kg−1) and normetanephrine (NMN, 1 μg min−1 g−0.74) were used to inhibit, respectively, neuronal and extraneuronal uptakes of noradrenaline (NA) during calorigenesis induced in barbital-sedated warm-acclimated (WA) or cold-acclimated (CA) rats by infusion of NA, a procedure which mimics the effects of NA released within calorigenic tissues in response to cold exposure. The doses of the inhibitors were selected for maximal effectiveness in potentiating calorigenic response and for minimal side effects. For rats of either acclimation group treated with DMI and NMN, with DMI only, or with neither inhibitor the doses of NA required to evoke approximately half-maximal calorigenic responses were, respectively, 0.5, 1.0, and 3.5 ng min−1 g−0.74. The corresponding steady-state concentrations of NA in arterial plasma averaged 14.3, 21.7, and 43.2 nM in the three groups of WA rats and 10.0, 14.8, and 31.9 nM in the three groups of CA rats. Reduction by NA uptake inhibitors of the circulating levels of NA necessary to stimulate calorigenesis, half-maximally, presumably in brown adipose tissue, indicates a reduction in the steepness of the NA concentration gradient between capillary plasma and synaptic clefts in that tissue. The steady-state concentration of NA in blood plasma of rats treated with DMI and NMN and infused with NA at a dose of 0.5 ng min−1 g−0.74 (~1 × 10−8 M) is a good estimate of the NA concentration required at calorigenic adrenoceptors to effect half-maximal activation. Presumably, this concentration is also an estimate of that resulting from NA released at nerve endings during cold-induced activation of nonshivering thermogenesis at half-maximal rates in brown adipose tissue.

scholarly journals Dissecting in vivo steady-state dynamics of karyopherin-dependent nuclear transport

2016 ◽  
Vol 27 (1) ◽  
pp. 167-176 ◽  
Author(s):  
Ogheneochukome Lolodi ◽  
Hiroya Yamazaki ◽  
Shotaro Otsuka ◽  
Masahiro Kumeta ◽  
Shige H. Yoshimura
Keyword(s):  
Steady State ◽  
Molecular Transport ◽  
Nucleocytoplasmic Transport ◽  
Live Cells ◽  
Release Mechanism ◽  
Nuclear Pore ◽  
Catch And Release ◽  
Import And Export ◽  
Nucleocytoplasmic Distribution

Karyopherin-dependent molecular transport through the nuclear pore complex is maintained by constant recycling pathways of karyopherins coupled with the Ran-dependent cargo catch-and-release mechanism. Although many studies have revealed the bidirectional dynamics of karyopherins, the entire kinetics of the steady-state dynamics of karyopherin and cargo is still not fully understood. In this study, we used fluorescence recovery after photobleaching and fluorescence loss in photobleaching on live cells to provide convincing in vivo proof that karyopherin-mediated nucleocytoplasmic transport of cargoes is bidirectional. Continuous photobleaching of the cytoplasm of live cells expressing NLS cargoes led to progressive decrease of nuclear fluorescence signals. In addition, experimentally obtained kinetic parameters of karyopherin complexes were used to establish a kinetic model to explain the entire cargo import and export transport cycles facilitated by importin β. The results strongly indicate that constant shuttling of karyopherins, either free or bound to cargo, ensures proper balancing of nucleocytoplasmic distribution of cargoes and establishes effective regulation of cargo dynamics by RanGTP.

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