Diversity of extracellular matrix morphology in vertebrate skeletal muscle

The effect of dantrolene sodium, a muscle relaxant effective on vertebrate skeletal muscle, has been studied on the stretcher muscle of a crab (Callinectes sapidus). The drug rapidly and reversibly attenuates the muscle contractile response to direct and indirect stimulation. Neuromuscular transmission is unaffected, as are the electrical properties of the muscle membrane. It is concluded that dantrolene sodium uncouples excitation–contraction mechanisms in crustacean tonic muscle.

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Review: The skeletal muscle extracellular matrix: Possible roles in the regulation of muscle development and growth

Canadian Journal of Animal Science ◽

10.4141/cjas2011-098 ◽

2012 ◽

Vol 92 (1) ◽

pp. 1-10 ◽

Cited By ~ 12

Author(s):

Sandra G. Velleman ◽

Jonghyun Shin ◽

Xuehui Li ◽

Yan Song

Keyword(s):

Skeletal Muscle ◽

Extracellular Matrix ◽

Growth Factors ◽

Muscle Cell ◽

Muscle Development ◽

Muscle Growth ◽

Architecture Framework ◽

Cellular Environment ◽

Structural Architecture ◽

Cellular Components

Velleman, S. G., Shin, J., Li, X. and Song, Y. 2012. Review: The skeletal muscle extracellular matrix: Possible roles in the regulation of muscle development and growth. Can. J. Anim. Sci. 92: 1–10. Skeletal muscle fibers are surrounded by an extrinsic extracellular matrix environment. The extracellular matrix is composed of collagens, proteoglycans, glycoproteins, growth factors, and cytokines. How the extracellular matrix influences skeletal muscle development and growth is an area that is not completely understood at this time. Studies on myogenesis have largely been directed toward the cellular components and overlooked that muscle cells secrete a complex extracellular matrix network. The extracellular matrix modulates muscle development by acting as a substrate for muscle cell migration, growth factor regulation, signal transduction of information from the extracellular matrix to the intrinsic cellular environment, and provides a cellular structural architecture framework necessary for tissue function. This paper reviews extracellular matrix regulation of muscle growth with a focus on secreted proteoglycans, cell surface proteoglycans, growth factors and cytokines, and the dynamic nature of the skeletal muscle extracellular matrix, because of its impact on the regulation of muscle cell proliferation and differentiation during myogenesis.

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Changes in Z-disc width of vertebrate skeletal muscle following tenotomy

Cellular and Molecular Life Sciences ◽

10.1007/bf01922312 ◽

1977 ◽

Vol 33 (9) ◽

pp. 1177-1178 ◽

Cited By ~ 4

Author(s):

Dorothy Chase ◽

W. C. Ullrick

Keyword(s):

Skeletal Muscle ◽

Disc Width ◽

Vertebrate Skeletal Muscle

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Rapid and reciprocal regulation of tenascin-C and tenascin-Y expression by loading of skeletal muscle

Journal of Cell Science ◽

10.1242/jcs.113.20.3583 ◽

2000 ◽

Vol 113 (20) ◽

pp. 3583-3591 ◽

Cited By ~ 3

Author(s):

M. Fluck ◽

V. Tunc-Civelek ◽

M. Chiquet

Keyword(s):

Skeletal Muscle ◽

Extracellular Matrix ◽

Tensile Stress ◽

Muscle Fibers ◽

Myotendinous Junction ◽

Left Wing ◽

C Protein ◽

Tenascin C ◽

Mrna Induction

Tenascin-C and tenascin-Y are two structurally related extracellular matrix glycoproteins that in many tissues show a complementary expression pattern. Tenascin-C and the fibril-associated minor collagen XII are expressed in tissues bearing high tensile stress and are located in normal skeletal muscle, predominantly at the myotendinous junction that links muscle fibers to tendon. In contrast, tenascin-Y is strongly expressed in the endomysium surrounding single myofibers, and in the perimysial sheath around fiber bundles. We previously showed that tenascin-C and collagen XII expression in primary fibroblasts is regulated by changes in tensile stress. Here we have tested the hypothesis that the expression of tenascin-C, tenascin-Y and collagen XII in skeletal muscle connective tissue is differentially modulated by mechanical stress in vivo. Chicken anterior latissimus dorsi muscle (ALD) was mechanically stressed by applying a load to the left wing. Within 36 hours of loading, expression of tenascin-C protein was ectopically induced in the endomysium along the surface of single muscle fibers throughout the ALD, whereas tenascin-Y protein expression was barely affected. Expression of tenascin-C protein stayed elevated after 7 days of loading whereas tenascin-Y protein was reduced. Northern blot analysis revealed that tenascin-C mRNA was induced in ALD within 4 hours of loading while tenascin-Y mRNA was reduced within the same period. In situ hybridization indicated that tenascin-C mRNA induction after 4 hours of loading was uniform throughout the ALD muscle in endomysial fibroblasts. In contrast, the level of tenascin-Y mRNA expression in endomysium appeared reduced within 4 hours of loading. Tenascin-C mRNA and protein induction after 4–10 hours of loading did not correlate with signs of macrophage infiltration. Tenascin-C protein decreased again with removal of the load and nearly disappeared after 5 days. Furthermore, loading was also found to induce expression of collagen XII mRNA and protein, but to a markedly lower level, with slower kinetics and only partial reversibility. The results suggest that mechanical loading directly and reciprocally controls the expression of extracellular matrix proteins of the tenascin family in skeletal muscle.

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It takes all kinds: heterogeneity among satellite cells and fibro-adipogenic progenitors during skeletal muscle regeneration

Development ◽

10.1242/dev.199861 ◽

2021 ◽

Vol 148 (21) ◽

Author(s):

Brittany C. Collins ◽

Gabrielle Kardon

Keyword(s):

Skeletal Muscle ◽

Satellite Cells ◽

Regenerative Process ◽

Skeletal Muscle Regeneration ◽

Anatomical Location ◽

Muscle Stem Cells ◽

Functional Consequences ◽

Transplantation Experiments ◽

Complete Regeneration ◽

Vertebrate Skeletal Muscle

ABSTRACT Vertebrate skeletal muscle is composed of multinucleate myofibers that are surrounded by muscle connective tissue. Following injury, muscle is able to robustly regenerate because of tissue-resident muscle stem cells, called satellite cells. In addition, efficient and complete regeneration depends on other cells resident in muscle – including fibro-adipogenic progenitors (FAPs). Increasing evidence from single-cell analyses and genetic and transplantation experiments suggests that satellite cells and FAPs are heterogeneous cell populations. Here, we review our current understanding of the heterogeneity of satellite cells, their myogenic derivatives and FAPs in terms of gene expression, anatomical location, age and timing during the regenerative process – each of which have potentially important functional consequences.

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