scholarly journals Short‐course daily isoniazid and rifapentine for latent tuberculosis infection in people living with HIV who received coformulated bictegravir/emtricitabine/tenofovir alafenamide

2021 ◽  
Vol 24 (11) ◽  
Author(s):  
Bo‐Huang Liou ◽  
Chih‐Ning Cheng ◽  
Ya‐Ting Lin ◽  
Yu‐Jou Lin ◽  
Yu‐Chung Chuang ◽  
...  
Keyword(s):  
Latent Tuberculosis Infection ◽  
Latent Tuberculosis ◽  
Tuberculosis Infection ◽  
People Living With Hiv ◽  
Short Course ◽  
Tenofovir Alafenamide ◽  
Living With Hiv

scholarly journals Determinants of losses in the latent tuberculosis infection cascade of care in Brazil

2021 ◽  
Vol 6 (9) ◽  
pp. e005969
Author(s):  
Alexandra Brito Souza ◽  
María B Arriaga ◽  
Gustavo Amorim ◽  
Mariana Araújo-Pereira ◽  
Betânia M F Nogueira ◽  
...  
Keyword(s):  
Latent Tuberculosis Infection ◽  
Clinical Investigation ◽  
Latent Tuberculosis ◽  
Tuberculosis Infection ◽  
Radiographic Examination ◽  
Interferon Gamma Release Assay ◽  
People Living With Hiv ◽  
Cascade Of Care ◽  
Living With Hiv ◽  
Close Contacts

IntroductionFactors associated with losses in the latent tuberculosis infection (LTBI) cascade of care in contacts of patients with tuberculosis (TB) were investigated in a multicentre prospective cohort from highly endemic regions in Brazil.MethodsClose contacts of 1187 patients with culture-confirmed pulmonary TB were prospectively studied between 2015 and 2019, with follow-up of 6–24 months. Data on TB screening by clinical investigation, radiographic examination and interferon-gamma release assay (IGRA) were collected. Multivariable regressions were used to identify determinants of losses in the LTBI cascade.ResultsAmong 4145 TB contacts initially identified, 1901 were examined (54% loss). Among those examined, 933 were people living with HIV, ≤5 years old and/or had positive IGRA results, and therefore had a recommendation to start TB preventive treatment (TPT). Of those, 454 (23%) initiated treatment, and 247 (54% of those initiating; 26% of those in whom treatment was recommended) completed TPT. Multivariable regression analysis revealed that living with HIV, illiteracy and black/pardo (brown) race were independently associated with losses in the cascade.ConclusionThere were losses at all LTBI cascade stages, but particularly at the initial screening and examination steps. Close contacts of low socioeconomic status and living with HIV were at heightened risk of not completing the LTBI cascade of care in Brazil.

scholarly journals Determinants of losses in the latent tuberculosis infection cascade of care in Brazil: a prospective multicenter cohort study

2021 ◽  
Author(s):  
Alexandra Brito Souza ◽  
María B. Arriaga ◽  
Gustavo Amorim ◽  
Mariana Araújo-Pereira ◽  
Betânia M. F. Nogueira ◽  
...  
Keyword(s):  
Latent Tuberculosis Infection ◽  
Latent Tuberculosis ◽  
Tuberculosis Infection ◽  
Radiographic Examination ◽  
Interferon Gamma Release Assay ◽  
People Living With Hiv ◽  
Factors Associated ◽  
Cascade Of Care ◽  
Living With Hiv ◽  
Close Contacts

ABSTRACTBackgroundFactors associated with losses in the latent tuberculosis infection (LTBI) cascade of care in contacts of tuberculosis (TB) patients were investigated in a multicenter prospective cohort from highly endemic regions in Brazil.MethodsClose contacts of 1,187 culture-confirmed pulmonary TB patients were prospectively studied between 2015 and 2019, with follow-up between 6 and 24 months. Data on TB screening by clinical investigation, radiographic examination and interferon-gamma release assay (IGRA) were collected. Stepwise multivariable models were used to identify determinants of losses in the LTBI cascade.ResultsAmong 4,145 TB contacts initially identified, 1,901 were examined (54% loss). Within those individuals, 933 were people living with HIV, ≤5 years-old and/or had positive IGRA results, therefore having recommendation to start TB preventive treatment (TPT). Of those, 454 (23%) initiated treatment, and 247 (6% of all TB contacts) completed TPT. Multivariable regression analysis revealed that living with HIV, illiteracy, and black/pardo (brown) race were independently associated with losses in cascade.ConclusionThere were losses at all LTBI cascade stages, but particularly at the initial screening and examination steps. Close contacts who are socially vulnerable and living with HIV were at heightened risk of not completing the LTBI cascade of care in Brazil.40-word summary of the article’s main pointWe investigated factors associated with losses in the latent tuberculosis infection cascade of care in a large cohort of contacts in Brazil. Social vulnerability and HIV infection were the most relevant determinants of losses in the LTBI cascade of care.

scholarly journals Continuous isoniazid for the treatment of latent tuberculosis infection in people living with HIV

AIDS ◽  
2016 ◽  
Vol 30 (5) ◽  
pp. 797-801 ◽  
Author(s):  
Saskia Den Boon ◽  
Alberto Matteelli ◽  
Nathan Ford ◽  
Haileyesus Getahun
Keyword(s):  
Latent Tuberculosis Infection ◽  
Latent Tuberculosis ◽  
Tuberculosis Infection ◽  
People Living With Hiv ◽  
Living With Hiv

scholarly journals Safety of the Rifampin and Pyrazinamide Short-Course Regimen for Treating Latent Tuberculosis Infection

2007 ◽  
Vol 44 (3) ◽  
pp. 464-465 ◽  
Author(s):  
K. Ijaz ◽  
P. D. McElroy ◽  
J. Jereb ◽  
T. R. Navin ◽  
K. G. Castro
Keyword(s):  
Latent Tuberculosis Infection ◽  
Latent Tuberculosis ◽  
Tuberculosis Infection ◽  
Short Course

scholarly journals Safety and Completion Rate of Short‐Course Therapy for Treatment of Latent Tuberculosis Infection

2006 ◽  
Vol 43 (3) ◽  
pp. 271-275 ◽  
Author(s):  
Paul P. Cook ◽  
Ricardo A. Maldonado ◽  
Connie T. Yarnell ◽  
Don Holbert
Keyword(s):  
Latent Tuberculosis Infection ◽  
Latent Tuberculosis ◽  
Completion Rate ◽  
Tuberculosis Infection ◽  
Short Course

scholarly journals Activity of a long-acting injectable bedaquiline formulation in a paucibacillary mouse model of latent tuberculosis infection

2019 ◽  
Author(s):  
Amit Kaushik ◽  
Nicole C. Ammerman ◽  
Sandeep Tyagi ◽  
Vikram Saini ◽  
Iwan Vervoort ◽  
...  
Keyword(s):  
Mouse Model ◽  
Latent Tuberculosis Infection ◽  
Latent Tuberculosis ◽  
Positive Control ◽  
Negative Control ◽  
Tuberculosis Infection ◽  
Sustained Activity ◽  
Short Course ◽  
Long Acting ◽  
Aerosol Infection

ABSTRACTThe potent anti-tuberculosis activity and long half-life of bedaquiline make it an attractive candidate for long-acting/extended release formulations for treatment of latent tuberculosis infection (LTBI). Our objective was to evaluate a long-acting injectable (LAI) bedaquiline formulation in a validated paucibacillary mouse model of LTBI. Following immunization with Mycobacterium bovis rBCG30, BALB/c mice were challenged by aerosol infection with M. tuberculosis H37Rv. Treatment began 13 weeks after challenge infection with one of the following regimens: untreated negative control; positive controls of daily rifampin (10 mg/kg), once-weekly rifapentine (15 mg/kg) and isoniazid (50 mg/kg), or daily bedaquiline (25 mg/kg); test regimens of one, two, or three monthly doses of LAI bedaquiline at 160 mg/dose (BLAI-160); and test regimens of daily bedaquiline at 2.67 (B2.67), 5.33 (B5.33), or 8 (B8) mg/kg to deliver the same total bedaquiline as one, two, or three doses of BLAI-160, respectively. All drugs were administered orally, except for BLAI-160 (intramuscular injection). The primary outcome was the decline in M. tuberculosis lung CFU counts during 12 weeks of treatment. The negative and positive control regimens performed as expected. One, two, and three doses of BLA-160 resulted in decreases of 2.9, 3.2, and 3.5 log10 CFU/lung, respectively by week 12. Daily oral dosing with B2.67, B5.33, and B8 decreased lung CFU counts by 1.6, 2.8, and 4.1 log10, respectively. One dose of BLAI-160 exhibited activity for at least 12 weeks. The sustained activity of BLAI-160 indicates promise as a short-course LTBI treatment requiring few patient encounters to ensure treatment completion.

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