scholarly journals Comparison between daily and on‐demand PrEP (pre‐exposure prophylaxis) regimen in covering condomless anal intercourse for men who have sex with men in Hong Kong: A randomized, controlled, open‐label, crossover trial

2021 ◽  
Vol 24 (9) ◽  
Author(s):  
Tsz Ho Kwan ◽  
Grace Chung Yan Lui ◽  
Teddy Tai Ning Lam ◽  
Krystal Chi Kei Lee ◽  
Ngai Sze Wong ◽  
...  
Keyword(s):  
Hong Kong ◽  
Crossover Trial ◽  
Anal Intercourse ◽  
Open Label ◽  
On Demand ◽  
Randomized Controlled ◽  
Condomless Anal Intercourse ◽  
Sex With Men ◽  
Exposure Prophylaxis

scholarly journals What are the motivations and barriers to pre-exposure prophylaxis (PrEP) use among black men who have sex with men aged 18–45 in London? Results from a qualitative study

2019 ◽  
Vol 95 (4) ◽  
pp. 262-266 ◽  
Author(s):  
T Charles Witzel ◽  
Will Nutland ◽  
Adam Bourne
Keyword(s):  
Black Men ◽  
Role Models ◽  
Anal Intercourse ◽  
Framework Analysis ◽  
Intersectionality Theory ◽  
Gay Male ◽  
Condomless Anal Intercourse ◽  
Marginalised Groups ◽  
Sex With Men ◽  
Exposure Prophylaxis

BackgroundBlack men who have sex with men (BMSM) have higher HIV incidence and prevalence when compared with other men who have sex with men, despite similar risk profiles. New prevention technologies, including pre-exposure prophylaxis (PrEP), may be effective in responding to these inequalities, provided they are appropriately targeted and acceptable to their intended beneficiaries. This study aims to understand the motivations and barriers of BMSM aged 18–45 to PrEP uptake.MethodsTwenty-five BMSM recruited through geolocation social networking apps took part in in-depth interviews between April and August 2016. Intersectionality theory was used as an organising principle. Interviews were transcribed verbatim and analysed using a thematic framework analysis.ResultsFor BMSM with heterogeneous social groups, discussions about sexual health were challenging because of the intersection of ethnic background, family history and religion. This limited conversations about PrEP to gay male friends who often held stigmatising views of condomless anal intercourse. BMSM reported exclusion from gay male spaces (online and offline) which could serve to restrict exposure to PrEP messages. Stereotypes of BMSM intersected with negative conceptions of PrEP users, limiting acknowledgement of PrEP candidacy. For those who had attempted to or successfully accessed it, PrEP was framed as a strategy to mitigate risk and to guard against further stigma associated with HIV infection.DiscussionBMSM operate within a complex set of circumstances related to the intersection of their sexual, ethnic, cultural and religious identities, which shape PrEP acceptability. Interventions which seek to facilitate uptake in this group must be attentive to these. Health promotion and clinical services could seek to facilitate nuanced discussions about the merits of PrEP for those at frequent risk, perhaps while also providing publicly visible PrEP role models for BMSM and other marginalised groups.

scholarly journals Intraperitoneal, subcutaneous and intravenous glucagon delivery and subsequent glucose response in rats: a randomized controlled crossover trial

2018 ◽  
Vol 6 (1) ◽  
pp. e000560 ◽  
Author(s):  
Ilze Dirnena-Fusini ◽  
Marte Kierulf Åm ◽  
Anders Lyngvi Fougner ◽  
Sven Magnus Carlsen ◽  
Sverre Christian Christiansen
Keyword(s):  
Blood Glucose ◽  
Crossover Trial ◽  
Artificial Pancreas ◽  
Isotonic Saline ◽  
Severe Hypoglycemia ◽  
Diabetes Mellitus Type 1 ◽  
Open Label ◽  
Glucose Response ◽  
Routes Of Administration ◽  
Randomized Controlled

ObjectiveHypoglycemia is a frequent and potentially dangerous event among patients with diabetes mellitus type 1. Subcutaneous glucagon is an emergency treatment to counteract severe hypoglycemia. The effect of intraperitoneal glucagon delivery is sparsely studied. We performed a direct comparison of the blood glucose response following intraperitoneally, subcutaneously and intravenously administered glucagon.Research design and methodsThis is a prospective, randomized, controlled, open-label, crossover trial in 20 octreotide-treated rats. Three interventions, 1  week apart, in a randomized order, were done in each rat. All 20 rats were given intraperitoneal and subcutaneous glucagon injections, from which 5 rats were given intravenous glucagon injections and 15 rats received placebo (intraperitoneal isotonic saline) injection. The dose of glucagon was 5 µg/kg body weight for all routes of administration. Blood glucose levels were measured before and until 60 min after the glucagon/placebo injections.ResultsCompared with placebo-treated rats, a significant increase in blood glucose was observed 4 min after intraperitoneal glucagon administration (p=0.009), whereas after subcutaneous and intravenous glucagon administration significant increases were seen after 8 min (p=0.002  and p<0.001, respectively). In intraperitoneally treated compared with subcutaneously treated rats, the increase in blood glucose was higher after 4 min (p=0.019) and lower after 40 min (p=0.005) and 50 min (p=0.011). The maximum glucose response occurred earlier after intraperitoneal compared with subcutaneous glucagon injection (25 min vs 35 min; p=0.003).ConclusionsGlucagon administered intraperitoneally gives a faster glucose response compared with subcutaneously administered glucagon in rats. If repeatable in humans, the more rapid glucose response may be of importance in a dual-hormone artificial pancreas using the intraperitoneal route for administration of insulin and glucagon.

Sex Tourism, Condomless Anal Intercourse, and HIV Risk Among Men Who Have Sex With Men

2019 ◽  
Vol 30 (4) ◽  
pp. 405-414 ◽  
Author(s):  
Salem Harry-Hernández ◽  
Su Hyun Park ◽  
Kenneth H. Mayer ◽  
Noah Kreski ◽  
William C. Goedel ◽  
...  
Keyword(s):  
Hiv Risk ◽  
Anal Intercourse ◽  
Sex Tourism ◽  
Condomless Anal Intercourse ◽  
Sex With Men

scholarly journals Changing the Use of HIV Pre-exposure Prophylaxis Among Men Who Have Sex With Men During the COVID-19 Pandemic in Melbourne, Australia

2020 ◽  
Vol 7 (7) ◽  
Author(s):  
Eric P F Chow ◽  
Jane S Hocking ◽  
Jason J Ong ◽  
Tina Schmidt ◽  
Andrew Buchanan ◽  
...  
Keyword(s):  
Casual Sex ◽  
On Demand ◽  
Sex With Men ◽  
Exposure Prophylaxis

Abstract We surveyed 204 men who have sex with men (MSM) who were pre-exposure prophylaxis (PrEP) users. One in 4 daily PrEP users stopped taking PrEP during the COVID-19 pandemic, and 5% switched to on-demand PrEP. Most men reduced PrEP use because they stopped having casual sex and reduced the number of casual partners during the COVID-19 pandemic.

scholarly journals Pleasure and PrEP: Pleasure-Seeking Plays a Role in Prevention Choices and Could Lead to PrEP Initiation

2019 ◽  
Vol 13 (1) ◽  
pp. 155798831982739 ◽  
Author(s):  
Xavier Mabire ◽  
Costanza Puppo ◽  
Stéphane Morel ◽  
Marion Mora ◽  
Daniela Rojas Castro ◽  
...  
Keyword(s):  
Quality Of Life ◽  
Essential Element ◽  
Community Based ◽  
Sexual Quality Of Life ◽  
Major Threat ◽  
On Demand ◽  
Community Based Design ◽  
Sex With Men ◽  
Exposure Prophylaxis

Pleasure-seeking plays a role in prevention (means choices and use), and in the sexual quality of life of men who have sex with men (MSM). Since HIV is a major threat to MSM health, new means of prevention, like pre-exposure prophylaxis (PrEP), must meet the needs of MSM to be fully efficient. Using a psychosocial approach, we examined how pleasure-seeking plays a role in participation of MSM in “ANRS-IPERGAY,” a community-based trial on sexual health which included sexual on-demand PrEP. Thirteen semistructured collective interviews were conducted with 45 participants. First, we analyzed participants’ search for new prevention means due to previous failures in condom use. We found that participants perceived condoms as a barrier—both materially and symbolically—to pleasure and desire, causing anxiety and stress considering sexual intercourse. Second, we explored representations and attitudes concerning pleasure within the context of PrEP. We found that PrEP allowed participants to freely choose their desired sexual positions and to better enjoy intimacy. Third, we studied the sexual quality of life for PrEP users in ANRS-IPERGAY and found an improvement. Thanks to the community-based design of the trial, this new prevention tool became a means to develop agency and empowerment for participants, not only in negotiating individual prevention but also in opposing the normative and stigmatizing discourse on sexuality and HIV. In conclusion, pleasure-seeking appears to be an essential element of sexual fulfillment that needs to be integrated as a positive notion in the study of HIV prevention.

Community-Based Care in the ANRS-IPERGAY Trial: The Challenges of Combination Prevention

2019 ◽  
Vol 31 (3) ◽  
pp. 259-272 ◽  
Author(s):  
Costanza Puppo ◽  
Xavier Mabire ◽  
Laurent Cotte ◽  
Daniela Rojas Castro ◽  
Bruno Spire ◽  
...  
Keyword(s):  
High Risk ◽  
Health Workers ◽  
Open Label ◽  
Community Based ◽  
Double Blind ◽  
Combination Prevention ◽  
Open Label Extension ◽  
Sex With Men ◽  
Exposure Prophylaxis ◽  
The Relationship

ANRS-IPERGAY was a community-based randomized trial investigating the efficacy of sexual activity-based HIV pre-exposure prophylaxis (PrEP) in a population of males and transgender females who had sex with men and were at high risk of HIV infection. We qualitatively analyzed the support provided to participants by community-based health workers (CBHW) throughout the trial's double-blind and open-label extension phases. In particular, we showed that the relationship between participants and CBHW strongly influenced self-managed pill intake. The delicate construction of this relationship, balanced between trust and dependence, played an important role in PrEP adherence. CBHW had to deal with various issues surrounding participants' feelings of empowerment regarding their role in the trial, as well as related tensions between various logics and rationalities. They were essential to participants' continued involvement.

scholarly journals Associations between Cognitive, Sociocontextual, and Affective Variables and Unprotected Anal Intercourse among Men Who Have Sex with Men—A Comparative Study Conducted in Two Chinese Cities

2014 ◽  
Vol 2014 ◽  
pp. 1-9 ◽  
Author(s):  
Joseph T. F. Lau ◽  
T. J. Feng ◽  
X. L. Liu ◽  
Jing Gu ◽  
Hi Yi Tsui ◽  
...  
Keyword(s):  
Hong Kong ◽  
Sexual Orientation ◽  
Family Members ◽  
Mainland China ◽  
Anal Intercourse ◽  
Unprotected Anal Intercourse ◽  
Future Research ◽  
Geographic Variations ◽  
Disclosure Of Sexual Orientation ◽  
Sex With Men

Few studies compared HIV-related risk behaviors between cities with different sociocultural environments among men who have sex with men (MSM). This study investigated the prevalence of unprotected anal intercourse (UAI) and associated individual and socio-cultural factors among Chinese MSM in Hong Kong and Shenzhen in Mainland China, which were proximal to each other but experienced different socioeconomic developments. Amongst all the 535 participants, 40.2% had had UAI. Significant factors of UAI among Shenzhen MSM included being able to find someone to share one’s sexual orientation, disclosure of sexual orientation to family members, HIV risk perception, and use of alcohol or substances (adjusted OR ranged from 2.37 to 4.91), whilst disclosure of sexual orientation to family members was the only significant factor among Hong Kong MSM (adjusted OR = 1.64). Geographic variations in factors associated with UAI were observed. Future research and interventions need to take this into account.

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