scholarly journals Non‐nucleoside reverse transcriptase inhibitor levels among HIV ‐exposed uninfected infants at the time of HIV PCR testing – findings from a tertiary healthcare facility in Pretoria, South Africa

2019 ◽  
Vol 22 (6) ◽  
Author(s):  
Ahmad Haeri Mazanderani ◽  
Tanya Y Murray ◽  
Gayle G Sherman ◽  
Tracy Snyman ◽  
Jaya George ◽  
...  
Keyword(s):  
South Africa ◽  
Reverse Transcriptase ◽  
Nucleoside Reverse Transcriptase Inhibitor ◽  
Healthcare Facility ◽  
Transcriptase Inhibitor ◽  
Tertiary Healthcare ◽  
Hiv Exposed ◽  
Reverse Transcriptase Inhibitor ◽  
Exposed Uninfected

scholarly journals Frequent cross-resistance to rilpivirine among subtype C HIV-1 from first-line antiretroviral therapy failures in South Africa

2018 ◽  
Vol 26 ◽  
pp. 204020661876298 ◽  
Author(s):  
Kerri J Penrose ◽  
Chanson J Brumme ◽  
Maritsa Scoulos-Hanson ◽  
Kristen Hamanishi ◽  
Kelley Gordon ◽  
...  
Keyword(s):  
South Africa ◽  
Antiretroviral Therapy ◽  
Reverse Transcriptase ◽  
Nucleoside Reverse Transcriptase Inhibitor ◽  
Transcriptase Inhibitor ◽  
Cross Resistance ◽  
Subtype C ◽  
First Line ◽  
Reverse Transcriptase Inhibitor ◽  
Hiv 1

Background Rilpivirine (TMC278LA) is a promising drug for pre-exposure prophylaxis of HIV-1 because of its sub-nanomolar potency and long-acting formulation; however, increasing transmission of non-nucleoside reverse transcriptase inhibitor-resistant HIV-1 with potential cross-resistance to rilpivirine could reduce its preventive efficacy. This study investigated rilpivirine cross-resistance among recombinant subtype C HIV-1 derived from 100 individuals failing on first-line non-nucleoside reverse transcriptase inhibitor-containing antiretroviral therapy in South Africa whose samples were sent for routine HIV-1 drug resistance testing to Lancet Laboratories (Johannesburg, South Africa). Methods Plasma samples were selected from individuals with HIV-1 RNA > 10,000 copies/ml and ≥1 non-nucleoside reverse transcriptase inhibitor-resistance mutation in reverse transcriptase. Recombinant HIV-1LAI-containing bulk-cloned full-length reverse transcriptase sequences from plasma were assayed for susceptibility to nevirapine (NVP), efavirenz (EFV) and rilpivirine in TZM-bl cells. Fold-change (FC) decreases in drug susceptibility were calculated against a mean IC50 from 12 subtype C HIV-1 samples from treatment-naïve individuals in South Africa. Cross-resistance was evaluated based on biological cutoffs established for rilpivirine (2.5-FC) and the effect of mutation combinations on rilpivirine phenotype. Results Of the 100 samples from individuals on failing antiretroviral therapy, 69 had 2.5- to 75-fold decreased susceptibility to rilpivirine and 11 had >75-fold resistance. Rilpivirine resistance was strongly associated with K103N especially in combination with other rilpivirine-associated mutations. Conclusion The frequently observed cross-resistance of HIV-1 suggests that the preventive efficacy of TMC278LA pre-exposure prophylaxis could be compromised by transmission of HIV-1 from individuals with failure of first-line non-nucleoside reverse transcriptase inhibitor-containing antiretroviral therapy.

Viral load outcome of non-nucleoside reverse transcriptase inhibitor regimens for 2203 mainly antiretroviral-experienced patients

AIDS ◽  
2001 ◽  
Vol 15 (18) ◽  
pp. 2385-2395 ◽  
Author(s):  
Andrew N. Phillips ◽  
Christian Pradier ◽  
Adriano Lazzarin ◽  
Bonaventura Clotet ◽  
Frank-Detlef Goebel ◽  
...  
Keyword(s):  
Viral Load ◽  
Reverse Transcriptase ◽  
Nucleoside Reverse Transcriptase Inhibitor ◽  
Transcriptase Inhibitor ◽  
Reverse Transcriptase Inhibitor
Sign in / Sign up

Export Citation Format

Share Document