An unusual cause of chest pain: Mycobacterium avium complex and the immune reconstitution inflammatory syndrome

2010 ◽  
Vol 6 (5) ◽  
pp. 309-311 ◽  
Author(s):  
Richard J. Lin ◽  
Jie Song
Keyword(s):  
Chest Pain ◽  
Mycobacterium Avium ◽  
Immune Reconstitution Inflammatory Syndrome ◽  
Immune Reconstitution ◽  
Mycobacterium Avium Complex ◽  
Inflammatory Syndrome

scholarly journals Clinical and immunologic predictors of Mycobacterium avium complex immune reconstitution inflammatory syndrome in a contemporary cohort of patients with HIV

2020 ◽  
Author(s):  
Kimberly F Breglio ◽  
Caian L Vinhaes ◽  
María B Arriaga ◽  
Martha Nason ◽  
Gregg Roby ◽  
...  
Keyword(s):  
Alkaline Phosphatase ◽  
T Cell Activation ◽  
Mycobacterium Avium ◽  
Immune Reconstitution Inflammatory Syndrome ◽  
Immune Reconstitution ◽  
Mycobacterium Avium Complex ◽  
Subsequent Development ◽  
Art Initiation ◽  
Increased Risk ◽  
Inflammatory Syndrome

Abstract Background Patients with HIV (PWH) can present with new or worsening symptoms associated with Mycobacterium avium complex (MAC) infection shortly after antiretroviral therapy (ART) initiation as MAC immune reconstitution inflammatory syndrome (MAC-IRIS). In this study, we assessed the utility of several laboratory tests as predictors of MAC-IRIS. Methods PWH with clinical and histologic and/or microbiologic evidence of MAC-IRIS were identified and followed up to 96 weeks post-ART initiation within a prospective study of 206 ART-naïve patients with CD4 <100 cells/µL. Results Fifteen (7.3%) patients presented with MAC-IRIS within a median interval of 26 days after ART initiation. Patients who developed MAC-IRIS had lower BMI, lower hemoglobin levels, a higher alkaline phosphatase and increased CD38 frequency and MFI on CD8 + T-cells, at the time of ART initiation compared to non-MAC IRIS patients. A decision tree inference model revealed that stratifying patients based on levels of alkaline phosphatase and D-dimer could predict the likelihood of MAC-IRIS. A binary logistic regression demonstrated that higher levels of alkaline phosphatase at baseline were associated with increased risk of MAC-IRIS development. Conclusions High alkaline phosphatase levels and increased CD8 + T-cell activation with low CD4 counts at ART initiation should warrant suspicion for subsequent development of MAC-IRIS.

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