Institutionalizing gender: Madness, the family, and psychiatric power in nineteenth‐century FranceJessieHewittCornell University Press, 2020. 252 pp. Open access (ebook). ISBN 9781501753329; 9781501753312 (paper)

2021 ◽  
Author(s):  
Christopher M. Rudeen
Keyword(s):  
Nineteenth Century ◽  
Open Access ◽  
The Family ◽  
Psychiatric Power

The Dupont family: collectors, dealers and naturalists in nineteenth-century Paris

2016 ◽  
Vol 43 (2) ◽  
pp. 191-207 ◽  
Author(s):  
Richard Mearns ◽  
Laurent Chevrier ◽  
Christophe Gouraud
Keyword(s):  
Nineteenth Century ◽  
Family History ◽  
Natural History ◽  
North Africa ◽  
Special Interest ◽  
Early Life ◽  
Anatomical Models ◽  
The Family ◽  
Small Collection

In the early part of the nineteenth century the Dupont brothers ran separate natural history businesses in Paris. Relatively little is known about their early life but an investigation into the family history at Bayeux corrects Léonard Dupont's year of birth from 1795 to 1796. In 1818 Léonard joined Joseph Ritchie's expedition to North Africa to assist in collecting and preparing the discoveries but he did not get beyond Tripoli. After 15 months he came back to Paris with a small collection from Libya and Provence, and returned to Provence in 1821. While operating as a dealer-naturalist in Paris he published Traité de taxidermie (1823, 1827), developed a special interest in foreign birds and became well known for his anatomical models in coloured wax. Henry Dupont sold a range of natural history material and with his particular passion for beetles formed one of the finest collections in Europe; his best known publication is Monographie des Trachydérides (1836–1840). Because the brothers had overlapping interests and were rarely referred to by their forenames there has been confusion between them and the various eponyms that commemorate them. Although probably true, it would be an over-simplification to state that birds of this era named for Dupont refer to Léonard Dupont, insects to Henry Dupont, and molluscs to their mother.

Pre-Linnaean pictures of the secretarybird, Sagittarius serpentarius (J. F. )

2008 ◽  
Vol 35 (2) ◽  
pp. 243-251 ◽  
Author(s):  
RAGNAR K. KINZELBACH
Keyword(s):  
Nineteenth Century ◽  
Sub Saharan Africa ◽  
Careful Examination ◽  
Nile Valley ◽  
Rain Forests ◽  
Roman Emperor ◽  
Persian Language ◽  
The Family ◽  
Other Information ◽  
Sub Saharan

The secretarybird, the only species of the family Sagittariidae (Falconiformes), inhabits all of sub-Saharan Africa except the rain forests. Secretarybird, its vernacular name in many languages, may be derived from the Arabic “saqr at-tair”, “falcon of the hunt”, which found its way into French during the crusades. From the same period are two drawings of a “bistarda deserti” in a codex by the Holy Roman Emperor Frederick II (1194–1250). The original sketch obviously, together with other information on birds, came from the court of Sultan al-Kâmil (1180–1238) in Cairo. Careful examination led to an interpretation as Sagittarius serpentarius. Two archaeological sources and one nineteenth century observation strengthened the idea of a former occurrence of the secretarybird in the Egyptian Nile valley. André Thevet (1502–1590), a French cleric and reliable research traveller, described and depicted in 1558 a strange bird, named “Pa” in Persian language, from what he called Madagascar. The woodcut is identified as Sagittarius serpentarius. The text reveals East Africa as the real home of this bird, associated there among others with elephants. From there raises a connection to the tales of the fabulous roc, which feeds its offspring with elephants, ending up in the vernacular name of the extinct Madagascar ostrich as elephantbird.

Seeing “No Guiltless Minds”

2018 ◽  
Vol 73 (1) ◽  
pp. 30-67
Author(s):  
Noa Reich
Keyword(s):  
Nineteenth Century ◽  
The Novel ◽  
Vicarious Liability ◽  
Political Debates ◽  
The Family ◽  
Ancient Law ◽  
Vicarious Experiences ◽  
Corporate Liability ◽  
Legal Theorist

Noa Reich, “Seeing ‘No Guiltless Minds’: Inheritance and Liability in Wilkie Collins’s Armadale” (pp. 30–67) This essay suggests that the articulation of inherited guilt as a type of liability in Wilkie Collins’s Armadale (1866) invites us to reframe inheritance as central both to the Victorian credit economy and to the period’s fictional engagements with the effects of this economy. I begin by examining mid-nineteenth-century legal and political debates about limited corporate liability and estate debts, as well as legal theorist Henry Sumner Maine’s account of succession in Ancient Law (1861), which rests on an analogy between the family and the corporation. With their tropes of transmitted guilt, these discussions point to anxieties arising from the law’s construction of inherited identity as simultaneously individual and intergenerational, a paradox that both refracts and challenges nineteenth-century liberal contractual notions of identity. Armadale explores these issues through its depiction of the testator-heir dynamic as indeterminately singular and double, its association of inheritance with speculative ventures and impersonation, and its vacillation between affirming and limiting intergenerational liability. But it also fosters an alternative, mediating form of responsibility, which I call vicarious liability: a substitutive, imaginative liability both prompted and reinforced by the novel’s competing narrative perspectives and shifting or ambiguous focalization, as well as its embedded letters, diaries, and the depiction of reading as a path to identification with another’s guilt. Armadale’s take on inheritance may thus be read as a proposal for what the novel itself offers a hyper-contractual modernity: a framework for engaging in vicarious experiences of liability.

scholarly journals A PRESENÇA DE ESCRAVOS EM ALGUNS CONTOS DE MACHADO DE ASSIS

2018 ◽  
Vol 2 ◽  
pp. 160
Author(s):  
Antonio Marcos Sanseverino
Keyword(s):  
Nineteenth Century ◽  
Rio De Janeiro ◽  
Daily Life ◽  
Personal History ◽  
Machado De Assis ◽  
Brazilian Literature ◽  
The Family ◽  
As If

A escravidão é o nexo fundamental para pensar a literatura brasileira do século XIX. Na prosa machadiana, esse nexo histórico foi evidenciado por diferentes críticos (CHALHOUB, 2003, 2012; GLEDSON, 2006; SCHWARZ, 2000). Na leitura dos jornais, desde os anos de 1870, através da leitura de anúncios, vemos o quanto a presença do escravo doméstico era fato naturalizado no cotidiano do Rio de Janeiro (FREYRE, 2012; SCHWARCZ, 1987). Amas, copeiros, cozinheiros, moleques eram anunciados como objeto de venda ou de aluguel. Não apenas o trabalho era vendido ou alugado, mas o próprio trabalhar-escravo. Essa presença cotidiana de escravos é necessária (ou não) para a compreensão dos enredos? Alguns contos machadianos que trazem à primeiro plano do conflito a presença da escravidão: “Mariana” (1871), “O caso da vara” (1899) e “Pai contra mãe” (1906). Entretanto, há um apagamento da história pessoal do escravo enquanto personagem. A expressão “cria da casa” usada para caracterizar Mariana, uma mulata que vive como fosse da família, mostra o quanto a genealogia da personagem se apaga, diluída no pertencimento à casa do dono. Palavras-chave: Machado de Assis. Escravidão. Conto. Cria da casa.ABSTRACTSlavery is the fundamental link to think of nineteenth-century Brazilian literature. In Machado’s prose, this historical nexus was evidenced by different critics (CHALHOUB, 2003, 2012, GLEDSON, 2006, SCHWARZ, 2000). In the reading of the newspapers, from the 1870s, through the reading of advertisements, we see how the presence of the domestic slave was a naturalized fact in the daily life of Rio de Janeiro (FREYRE, 2012; SCHWARCZ, 1987). Mothers, cupbearers, cooks, brats were advertised as objects for sale or rent. Not only was work sold or rented, but the work-slave itself. Is this daily presence of slaves necessary (or not) for the understanding of entanglements? Some Machado tales that bring to the forefront of the conflict the presence of slavery: “Mariana” (1871), “The case of the stick” (1899) and “Father against mother” (1906). However, there is an erasure of the slave’s personal history as a character. The expression “housekeeper” used to characterize Mariana, a mulatta who lives as if she were one of the family, shows how much the character’s genealogy is extinguished, diluted in belonging to the owner’s house.Keywords: Machado de Assis. Slavery. Tale. Of the house.

Working Class Debt in the Late Nineteenth Century United States

1993 ◽  
Vol 18 (2) ◽  
pp. 111-134 ◽  
Author(s):  
Elyce Rotella ◽  
George Alter
Keyword(s):  
Nineteenth Century ◽  
Life Cycle ◽  
Late Nineteenth Century ◽  
Economic Distress ◽  
Economic Strategies ◽  
The Family ◽  
Late Nineteenth ◽  
Nineteenth Century United States ◽  
Life Cycle Patterns ◽  
Near Future

Children's wages played a central role in family economic strategies in the late nineteenth century. The family budgets collected by the U.S. Commissioner of Labor in 1889-1890 show that life-cycle patterns of savings and debt varied by industry depending upon incomes from children. The consumption patterns of families whose expenditures exceeded their incomes do not show signs of economic distress, and most families whose annual budget was in deficit could expect larger contributions from children in the near future. These patterns suggest that families used borrowing and saving to smooth consumption over the life-cycle as the earning capacity of the family changed.

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