Evolution of line charge density of steadily-developing upward positive leaders in triggered lightning

2013 ◽  
Vol 118 (10) ◽  
pp. 4670-4678 ◽  
Author(s):  
Mingli Chen ◽  
Dong Zheng ◽  
Yaping Du ◽  
Yijun Zhang
Keyword(s):  
Charge Density ◽  
Line Charge ◽  
Triggered Lightning

Angular terms in the electron density for the phosphine molecule

1956 ◽  
Vol 52 (4) ◽  
pp. 703-711 ◽  
Author(s):  
R. A. Ballinger ◽  
N. H. March
Keyword(s):  
Variational Method ◽  
Charge Density ◽  
Electron Density ◽  
Legendre Polynomials ◽  
Molecular Axis ◽  
Thomas Fermi ◽  
Line Charge ◽  
Density Map ◽  
Circular Line

ABSTRACTAn attempt is made to calculate the first few angular terms in an expansion of the electron density for the phosphine molecule in Legendre polynomials. Such an expansion is appropriate for a model in which the three hydrogen nuclei are smeared to form a circular line charge. The Thomas–Fermi approximation has been used in conjunction with the variational method. The variational density employed includes p and f angular terms. An approximate charge density map is constructed for a plane containing the molecular axis in order to demonstrate the effect of the angular terms.

scholarly journals Ability of the Poisson–Boltzmann equation to capture molecular dynamics predicted ion distribution around polyelectrolytes

2017 ◽  
Vol 19 (36) ◽  
pp. 24583-24593 ◽  
Author(s):  
Piotr Batys ◽  
Sohvi Luukkonen ◽  
Maria Sammalkorpi
Keyword(s):  
Molecular Dynamics ◽  
Boltzmann Equation ◽  
Charge Density ◽  
Layer Thickness ◽  
Mean Field ◽  
Ion Distribution ◽  
Line Charge ◽  
Poisson Boltzmann ◽  
Poisson Boltzmann Equation

Ion condensation around polyelectrolytes is examined computationally at all-atom and mean field detail levels to extract the practical limits of a PB model; the condensed ion layer thickness is found to depend solely on polyelectrolyte line charge density.

Influence of ion attachment on the vertical distribution of the electric field and charge density below a thunderstorm

1994 ◽  
Vol 12 (12) ◽  
pp. 1218-1228 ◽  
Author(s):  
X. Qie ◽  
S. Soula ◽  
S. Chauzy
Keyword(s):  
Electric Field ◽  
Vertical Distribution ◽  
Charge Density ◽  
Aerosol Particle ◽  
Aerosol Particles ◽  
Ground Level ◽  
Field Variation ◽  
Surface Field ◽  
Triggered Lightning ◽  
Ion Attachment

Abstract. A numerical model called PICASSO [Production d'Ions Corona Au Sol Sous Orage (French) and Production of Corona Ions at the Ground Beneath Thundercloud (English)], previously designed, is used to describe the evolution of the principal electrical parameters below a thunderstorm, taking into account the major part played by corona ions. In order to improve the model restitution of a real situation, various improvements are performed: an initial vertical distribution of aerosol particles is introduced instead of the previously used uniform concentration; time and space calculation steps are adjusted according to the electric field variation rate; the upper boundary condition is improved; and the coefficients of ion attachment are reconsidered with an exhaustive bibliographic study. The influence of the ion attachment on aerosol particles, on the electric field and charge density aloft, is studied by using three different initial aerosol particle concentrations at ground level and two types of initial vertical distributions: uniform and non-uniform. The comparison between field data and model results leads to adjust the initial aerosol particle concentration over the experimental site at the value of 5000 cm-3 which appears to be highly realistic. The evolutions of the electric field and of the charge density at altitude are greatly influenced by the aerosol concentration. On the contrary, the surface intrinsic field, defined as the electric field that would exist underneath a thundercloud if there were no local charges, is weakly affected when the model is forced by the surface field. A good correlation appears between the success in the triggered lightning attempts and this intrinsic field evaluation. Therefore, when only the surface field is available, the model can be used in a triggered lightning experiment.

Incommensurate modulated phases of the NbxTa1-xTe4 charge density wave system

1992 ◽  
Vol 50 (1) ◽  
pp. 58-59
Author(s):  
S. Ritchie ◽  
J. C. Bennett ◽  
A. Prodan ◽  
F.W. Boswell ◽  
J.M. Corbett
Keyword(s):  
Charge Density ◽  
Charge Density Wave ◽  
Direct Evidence ◽  
Density Wave ◽  
Wave System ◽  
Modulated Phases ◽  
Metal Atoms ◽  
Incommensurate Modulation ◽  
End Members ◽  
Modulation Wave Vector

A continuous sequence of compounds having composition NbxTa1-xTe4; 0 ≤ x ≤ 1 have been studied by electron diffraction and microscopy. Previous studies have shown that the end members of the series, TaTε4 and NbTε4 possess a quasi-one-dimensional character and exhibit charge density wave (CDW) distortions. In these compounds, the subcell structure is tetragonal with axes (a × a × c) and consists of the metal atoms (Nb or Ta) centered within an extended antiprismatic cage of Te atoms. At room temperature, TaTε4 has a commensurate modulation structure with a 2a × 2a × 3c unit cell. In NbTε4, an incommensurate modulation with × ∼ 16c axes is observed. Preliminary studies of the mixed compounds NbxTα1-xTε4 showed a discontinuous jump of the modulation wave vector commensurate to incommensurate when the Nb dopant concentration x, exceeded x ≃ 0.3, In this paper, the nature of the compositional dependence of is studied in greater detail and evidence is presented for a stepwise variation of . This constitutes the first direct evidence for a Devil's staircase in CDW materials.

Wave Analysis of the Charge Density Wave Dynamics in the Molecular Conductor (Perylene)2Pt(mnt)2 (mnt=maleonitriledithiolate)

1995 ◽  
Vol 5 (5) ◽  
pp. 539-545 ◽  
Author(s):  
J. Dumas ◽  
N. Thirion ◽  
M. Almeida ◽  
E. B. Lopes ◽  
M. J. Matos ◽  
...  
Keyword(s):  
Charge Density ◽  
Charge Density Wave ◽  
Density Wave ◽  
Wave Analysis ◽  
Wave Dynamics ◽  
Molecular Conductor

Macroscopic quantum tunneling of charge density waves

1999 ◽  
Vol 09 (PR10) ◽  
pp. Pr10-161-Pr10-163
Author(s):  
H. Matsukawa ◽  
H. Miyake ◽  
M. Yumoto ◽  
H. Fukuyama
Keyword(s):  
Charge Density ◽  
Quantum Tunneling ◽  
Charge Density Waves ◽  
Density Waves ◽  
Macroscopic Quantum ◽  
Macroscopic Quantum Tunneling
Sign in / Sign up

Export Citation Format

Share Document