scholarly journals Modulation of the sea-surface temperature in the Southeast Pacific by the atmospheric low-level coastal jet

2013 ◽  
Vol 118 (9) ◽  
pp. 3979-3998 ◽  
Author(s):  
Xiaodong Hong ◽  
Shouping Wang ◽  
Teddy R. Holt ◽  
Paul J. Martin ◽  
Larry O'Neill
Keyword(s):  
Surface Temperature ◽  
Sea Surface Temperature ◽  
Sea Surface ◽  
Low Level ◽  
Coastal Jet ◽  
Southeast Pacific

scholarly journals Rediscovery of the Yellow-bellied Sea Snake, Hydrophis platurus (Linnaeus, 1766) in Máncora, northern Perú

Check List ◽  
2014 ◽  
Vol 10 (6) ◽  
pp. 1563
Author(s):  
Javier Quiñones ◽  
Karla García Burneo ◽  
Claudio Barragan
Keyword(s):  
Surface Temperature ◽  
Sea Surface Temperature ◽  
Sea Surface ◽  
Sea Snake ◽  
Warm Event ◽  
New Information ◽  
Southeast Pacific ◽  
Northern Peru ◽  
Sst Anomalies ◽  
Made In

The presence of the Yellow-bellied Sea Snake (Hydrophis platurus) in the Southeast Pacific is rarely reported, with only one confirmed observation from northern Perú made in the early 1950s. We present new information based on a live-stranded specimen recently found in Peruvian waters, having washed ashore at Máncora (04.1255° S, 81.0958° W) in northern Perú on 12 July 2012. This stranding was associated with a Modoki El Niño warm event, since positive sea surface temperature (SST) anomalies up to 2.5°C were registered at this time.

On the Relationships between Subtropical Clouds and Meteorology in Observations and CMIP3 and CMIP5 Models*

2015 ◽  
Vol 28 (8) ◽  
pp. 2945-2967 ◽  
Author(s):  
Timothy A. Myers ◽  
Joel R. Norris
Keyword(s):  
Surface Temperature ◽  
Sea Surface Temperature ◽  
Cloud Fraction ◽  
Sea Surface ◽  
Radiative Effect ◽  
Low Level ◽  
Temperature Advection ◽  
Cloud Radiative Effect ◽  
High Level ◽  
The Relationship

Abstract Climate models’ simulation of clouds over the eastern subtropical oceans contributes to large uncertainties in projected cloud feedback to global warming. Here, interannual relationships of cloud radiative effect and cloud fraction to meteorological variables are examined in observations and in models participating in phases 3 and 5 of the Coupled Model Intercomparison Project (CMIP3 and CMIP5, respectively). In observations, cooler sea surface temperature, a stronger estimated temperature inversion, and colder horizontal surface temperature advection are each associated with larger low-level cloud fraction and increased reflected shortwave radiation. A moister free troposphere and weaker subsidence are each associated with larger mid- and high-level cloud fraction and offsetting components of shortwave and longwave cloud radiative effect. It is found that a larger percentage of CMIP5 than CMIP3 models simulate the wrong sign or magnitude of the relationship of shortwave cloud radiative effect to sea surface temperature and estimated inversion strength. Furthermore, most models fail to produce the sign of the relationship between shortwave cloud radiative effect and temperature advection. These deficiencies are mostly, but not exclusively, attributable to errors in the relationship between low-level cloud fraction and meteorology. Poor model performance also arises due to errors in the response of mid- and high-level cloud fraction to variations in meteorology. Models exhibiting relationships closest to observations tend to project less solar reflection by clouds in the late twenty-first century and have higher climate sensitivities than poorer-performing models. Nevertheless, the intermodel spread of climate sensitivity is large even among these realistic models.

scholarly journals U.S. West Coast Surface Heat Fluxes, Wind Stress, and Wind Stress Curl from a Mesoscale Model

2005 ◽  
Vol 133 (11) ◽  
pp. 3202-3216 ◽  
Author(s):  
T. Haack ◽  
S. D. Burk ◽  
R. M. Hodur
Keyword(s):  
Relative Humidity ◽  
Surface Temperature ◽  
Sea Surface Temperature ◽  
Wind Stress ◽  
Mesoscale Model ◽  
Surface Fluxes ◽  
Heat Fluxes ◽  
Sea Surface ◽  
Wind Stress Curl ◽  
Low Level

Abstract Monthly averages of numerical model fields are beneficial for depicting patterns in surface forcing such as sensible and latent heat fluxes, wind stress, and wind stress curl over data-sparse ocean regions. Grid resolutions less than 10 km provide the necessary mesoscale detail to characterize the impact of a complex coastline and coastal topography. In the present study a high-resolution mesoscale model is employed to reveal patterns in low-level winds, temperature, relative humidity, sea surface temperature as well as surface fluxes, over the eastern Pacific and along the U.S. west coast. Hourly output from successive 12-h forecasts are averaged to obtain monthly mean patterns from each season of 1999. The averages yield information on interactions between the ocean and the overlying atmosphere and on the influence of coastal terrain forcing in addition to their month-to-month variability. The spring to summer transition is characterized by a dramatic shift in near-surface winds, temperature, and relative humidity as offshore regions of large upward surface fluxes diminish and an alongshore coastal flux gradient forms. Embedded within this gradient, and the imprint of strong summertime topographic forcing, are small-scale fluctuations that vary in concert with local changes in sea surface temperature. Potential feedbacks between the low-level wind, sea surface temperature, and the wind stress curl are explored in the coastal regime and offshore waters. In all seasons, offshore extensions of colder coastal waters impose a marked influence on low-level conditions by locally enhancing stability and reducing the wind speed, while buoy measurements along the coast indicate that sea surface temperatures and wind speeds tend to be negatively correlated.

scholarly journals The role of the meridional sea surface temperature gradient in controlling the Caribbean low‐level jet

2017 ◽  
Vol 122 (11) ◽  
pp. 5903-5916 ◽  
Author(s):  
Tito Maldonado ◽  
Anna Rutgersson ◽  
Rodrigo Caballero ◽  
Francesco S. R. Pausata ◽  
Eric Alfaro ◽  
...  
Keyword(s):  
Temperature Gradient ◽  
Surface Temperature ◽  
Sea Surface Temperature ◽  
Sea Surface ◽  
Low Level ◽  
Sea Surface Temperature Gradient ◽  
Low Level Jet ◽  
The Caribbean ◽  
Surface Temperature Gradient

The Interdecadal Reverse of the Relationship and Feedback Mechanism between Sea Surface Temperature and Evaporation over the Indian Ocean during Boreal Autumn

2020 ◽  
Vol 33 (23) ◽  
pp. 10205-10219
Author(s):  
Bicheng Huang ◽  
Tao Su ◽  
Yongping Wu ◽  
Guolin Feng
Keyword(s):  
Indian Ocean ◽  
Surface Temperature ◽  
Sea Surface Temperature ◽  
Indian Ocean Dipole ◽  
Interaction Mechanism ◽  
Ocean Basin ◽  
Sea Surface ◽  
Indian Ocean Basin Mode ◽  
Low Level ◽  
The Indian Ocean

AbstractThe linkage between sea surface temperature (SST) and evaporation (EVP) plays an important role in air–sea interactions. In this study, the interaction mechanism of SST and EVP during boreal autumn was studied using correlation analysis, composite analysis, the EVP decomposition method, and singular value decomposition. The results showed that the correlation between SST and EVP in the Indian Ocean was reversed from positive to negative in the late 1990s. The significant positive SST–EVP relationship was attributed to the Indian Ocean basin mode forcing upon EVP during 1980–90. The decrease in wind speed–induced EVP and SST warming led to a significant negative SST–EVP relationship during 2005–15. Moreover, the negative SST–EVP correlation occurred when the Indian Ocean dipole (IOD) and subtropical Indian Ocean dipole (SIOD) exhibited inverse phases. The low-level moisture–EVP–SST feedback dominated the negative SST–EVP correlation in the negative IOD and positive SIOD (nIOD–pSIOD) pattern, whereas the wind–EVP–SST feedback played the leading role in the positive IOD and negative SIOD (pIOD–nSIOD) pattern. The EVP anomalies induced by the low-level anomalous anticyclone and cyclone were the main causes of the SST anomalies with inverse phases of the IOD and SIOD. The correlation between the SST and EVP reversal from positive to negative implies that the effect of the atmosphere on the ocean is as important as the external forcing of the ocean on the atmosphere.

Fall Persistence Barrier of Sea Surface Temperature in the South China Sea Associated with ENSO*

2007 ◽  
Vol 20 (2) ◽  
pp. 158-172 ◽  
Author(s):  
Jau-Ming Chen ◽  
Tim Li ◽  
Ching-Feng Shih
Keyword(s):  
South China Sea ◽  
Surface Temperature ◽  
Sea Surface Temperature ◽  
South China ◽  
The South China Sea ◽  
Sea Surface ◽  
The South ◽  
Low Level ◽  
China Sea ◽  
Philippine Sea

Abstract The authors investigate persistence characteristics of sea surface temperature (SST) in the South China Sea (SCS) in association with El Niño–Southern Oscillation (ENSO). It is found that a persistence barrier exists around October and November. This fall persistence barrier (FPB) is well recognized in the developing phase of strong ENSO cases, but becomes vague in weak ENSO and normal (non-ENSO) cases. During a strong El Niño developing year, salient features of the SCS SST anomaly (SSTA) associated with the FPB include a sign reversal between summer and winter and a rapid warming during fall. One possible cause of these SST changes, as well as the occurrence of the FPB, is the development and evolution of a low-level anomalous anticyclone (LAAC). The analyses show that the LAAC emerges in the northern Indian Ocean in early northern fall, moves eastward into the SCS during fall, and eventually anchors in the Philippine Sea in northern winter. This provides a new scenario for the generation of the anomalous Philippine Sea anticyclone previously studied. Its eastward movement appears to result from an east–west asymmetry, relative to the anticyclonic circulation center, of divergent flow and associated atmospheric vertical motion/moisture fields. The eastward passage of the LAAC across the SCS warms the underlying SST first via increased absorption of solar heating in October as it suppresses convective activities in situ, and next via decreased evaporative cooling in November and December as the total wind speed is weakened by the outer flows of the eastward-displacing LAAC. As such, the SCS SST changes quickly from a cold to a warm anomaly during fall, resulting in an abrupt change in anomaly patterns and the occurrence of the FPB. Analyses also suggest that the LAAC development during fall is relatively independent from the preceding Indian summer monsoon and the longitudinal propagation features of the ENSO-related Pacific SSTA. The aforementioned ocean–atmosphere anomalies contain an opposite polarity in a strong La Niña event. The low-level circulation anomaly weakens in intensity during weak ENSO cases and simply disappears during normal cases. As a result, the SCS FPB becomes indiscernible in these cases.

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