Molecular evolution of evolutionary novelties: the vagina and uterus of therian mammals

2005 ◽  
Vol 304B (6) ◽  
pp. 580-592 ◽  
Author(s):  
Günter P. Wagner ◽  
Vincent J. Lynch
Keyword(s):  
Molecular Evolution ◽  
Evolutionary Novelties

Biology of Fungi and Their Bacterial Endosymbionts

2018 ◽  
Vol 56 (1) ◽  
pp. 289-309 ◽  
Author(s):  
Teresa E. Pawlowska ◽  
Maria L. Gaspar ◽  
Olga A. Lastovetsky ◽  
Stephen J. Mondo ◽  
Imperio Real-Ramirez ◽  
...  
Keyword(s):  
Molecular Evolution ◽  
Filamentous Fungi ◽  
Theoretical Models ◽  
Eukaryotic Cell ◽  
Endosymbiotic Bacteria ◽  
Rate Of Molecular Evolution ◽  
Bacterial Endosymbionts ◽  
Basic Biology ◽  
Evolutionary Novelties

Heritable symbioses, in which endosymbiotic bacteria (EB) are transmitted vertically between host generations, are an important source of evolutionary novelties. A primary example of such symbioses is the eukaryotic cell with its EB-derived organelles. Recent discoveries suggest that endosymbiosis-related innovations can be also found in associations formed by early divergent fungi in the phylum Mucoromycota with heritable EB from two classes, Betaproteobacteria and Mollicutes. These symbioses exemplify novel types of host-symbiont interactions. Studies of these partnerships fuel theoretical models describing mechanisms that stabilize heritable symbioses, control the rate of molecular evolution, and enable the establishment of mutualisms. Lastly, by altering host phenotypes and metabolism, these associations represent an important instrument for probing the basic biology of the Mucoromycota hosts, which remain one of the least explored filamentous fungi.

Molecular evolution of a cytochrome P450 for the synthesis of potential antidepressant (2R,6R)-hydroxynorketamine

2021 ◽  
Author(s):  
Ansgar Bokel ◽  
Michael C. Hutter ◽  
Vlada B. Urlacher
Keyword(s):  
Cytochrome P450 ◽  
Molecular Evolution ◽  
Cytochrome P450 Monooxygenase ◽  
P450 Monooxygenase ◽  
Effective Synthesis

Engineered cytochrome P450 monooxygenase CYP154E1 enables the effective synthesis of the potential antidepressant (2R,6R)-hydroxynorketamine via N-demethylation and regio- and stereoselective hydroxylation of (R)-ketamine.

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