Osmotic stress stimulates the organic osmolyte channel inXenopus laevis oocytes expressing skate (Raja erinacea) AE1

2005 ◽  
Vol 303A (4) ◽  
pp. 319-322 ◽  
Author(s):  
Dana-Lynn T. Koomoa ◽  
Mark W. Musch ◽  
Leon Goldstein
Keyword(s):  
Osmotic Stress ◽  
Raja Erinacea ◽  
Organic Osmolyte ◽  
Inxenopus Laevis

Osmoregulation in Bacteria: Compatible Solute Accumulation and Osmosensing

2006 ◽  
Vol 3 (2) ◽  
pp. 94 ◽  
Author(s):  
Hans Jörg Kunte
Keyword(s):  
Osmotic Stress ◽  
Surrounding Medium ◽  
Compatible Solutes ◽  
Compatible Solute ◽  
Water Soluble ◽  
Fine Tuning ◽  
Transport Systems ◽  
Organic Osmolytes ◽  
Organic Osmolyte ◽  
Solute Accumulation

Environmental Context.Bacteria and Archaea have developed two basic mechanisms to cope with osmotic stress. The ‘salt-in-cytoplasm mechanism’ involves adjusting the salt concentration in the cytoplasm according to the environmental osmolarity and the ‘organic-osmolyte mechanism’ involves accumulating uncharged, highly water-soluble organic compounds in order to maintain an osmotic equilibrium with the surrounding medium. This highlight gives an overview of the osmoadaptation of prokaryotes employing the organic-osmolyte strategy and introduces a model explaining the fine-tuning of osmoregulatory osmolyte synthesis. Abstract.Bacteria and Archaea have developed two basic mechanisms to cope with osmotic stress, the salt-in-cytoplasm mechanism, and the organic-osmolyte mechanism. Organic osmolytes or so-called compatible solutes can be accumulated in molar concentration in the cytoplasm and allow for the adaptation of bacterial cells to varying salt concentrations. The biosynthetic pathways of compatible solutes and different compatible solute transport systems are described. A model for osmoregulatory compatible solute accumulation is introduced.

Antioxidative effects of fungicide sedaxane on corn plantlets at osmotic stress

2019 ◽  
Vol 2019 (1) ◽  
pp. 54-62 ◽  
Author(s):  
M. A. Shklyarevskiy ◽  
◽  
N. V. Shvidenko ◽  
A. A. Lugova ◽  
T. O. Yastreb ◽  
...  
Keyword(s):  
Osmotic Stress ◽  
Antioxidative Effects

IMPACT OF SORBITOL- INDUCED OSMOTIC STRESS ON SOME BIOCHEMICAL TRAITS OF POTATO IN VITRO

2020 ◽  
Vol 51 (4) ◽  
pp. 1038-1047
Author(s):  
Mawia & et al.
Keyword(s):  
Ascorbic Acid ◽  
Osmotic Stress ◽  
Cytoplasmic Membrane ◽  
Genotypic Variation ◽  
Membrane Damage ◽  
Membrane Integrity ◽  
Culture Collection ◽  
Nutritive Medium ◽  
Starting Point

This study had as principal objective identification of osmotic-tolerant potato genotypes by using "in vitro" tissue culture and sorbitol as a stimulating agent, to induce water stress, which was added to the  culture nutritive medium in different concentration (0,50, 110, 220, 330 and 440 mM).  The starting point was represented by plantlets culture collection, belonging to eleven potato genotypes: Barcelona, Nectar, Alison, Jelly, Malice, Nazca, Toronto, Farida, Fabulla, Colomba and Spunta. Plantlets were multiplied between two internodes to obtain microcuttings (in sterile condition), which were inoculated on medium. Sorbitol-induced osmotic stress caused a significant reduction in the ascorbic acid, while the concentration of proline, H2O2 and solutes leakage increased compared with the control. Increased the proline content prevented lipid peroxidation, which played a pivotal role in the maintenance of membrane integrity under osmotic stress conditions. The extent of the cytoplasmic membrane damage depends on osmotic stress severity and the genotypic variation in the maintenance of membranes stability was highly associated with the ability of producing more amounts of osmoprotectants (proline) and the non-enzymic antioxidant ascorbic acid in response to osmotic stress level. The results showed that the genotypes Jelly, Nectar, Allison, Toronto, and Colomba are classified as highly osmotic stress tolerant genotypes, while the genotypes Nazca and Farida are classified as osmotic stress susceptible ones.

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