Melatonergic regulation of hemolymph sugar levels in the freshwater edible crab,Oziotelphusa senex senex

2010 ◽  
Vol 9999A ◽  
pp. n/a-n/a ◽  
Author(s):  
S.B. Sainath ◽  
P. Sreenivasula Reddy
Keyword(s):  
Sugar Levels ◽  
Hemolymph Sugar

Appetite is correlated with octopamine and hemolymph sugar levels in forager honeybees

2019 ◽  
Vol 205 (4) ◽  
pp. 609-617 ◽  
Author(s):  
Christopher Mayack ◽  
Nicole Phalen ◽  
Kathleen Carmichael ◽  
Helen K. White ◽  
Frank Hirche ◽  
...  
Keyword(s):  
Sugar Levels ◽  
Hemolymph Sugar

scholarly journals Physiological Alterations in Deletion Mutants of Two Insulin-Like Peptides Encoded in Maruca vitrata Using CRISPR/Cas9

2021 ◽  
Vol 12 ◽  
Author(s):  
Md. Abdullah Al Baki ◽  
Jin Kyo Jung ◽  
Yonggyun Kim
Keyword(s):  
Larval Development ◽  
Expression Patterns ◽  
Maruca Vitrata ◽  
Deletion Mutants ◽  
Altered Expression ◽  
Knock Out ◽  
Reduced Body ◽  
Physiological Processes ◽  
Sugar Levels ◽  
Hemolymph Sugar

Most insect species encode multiple insulin-like peptides (ILPs) that exhibit functional overlaps in mediating physiological processes such as development and reproduction. Why do they need multiple ILPs? To address this question, we tested a hypothesis of the requirement of multiple ILPs by generating mutants lacking individual ILP genes using the CRISPR/Cas9 technology. Two ILPs (ILP1 and ILP2) in the legume pod borer, Maruca vitrata, mediate similar physiological processes such as hemolymph sugar level, larval development, and adult reproduction. Individual knock-out mutants (ΔILP1 and ΔILP2) were generated. They showed successful development from larvae to adults. However, they suffered from high hemolymph sugar levels by enhancing trehalose titers in the hemolymph. The hyperglycemic effect was more evident in ΔILP2 mutants than in ΔILP1 mutants. Both mutants showed increased expression of trehalose-6-phosphate synthase but suppressed expression of trehalase. These mutants also showed altered expression patterns of insulin signaling components. Expression levels of insulin receptor and Akt genes were upregulated, while those of FOXO and Target of rapamycin genes were downregulated in these mutants. These alterations of signal components resulted in significant retardation of immature development and reduced body sizes. ΔILP1 or ΔILP2 females exhibited poor oocyte development. Bromo-uridine incorporation was much reduced at the germarium of ovarioles of these mutants compared with wild females. Expression of the vitellogenin gene was also reduced in these mutants. Furthermore, males of these deletion mutants showed impaired reproductive activities when they mated with wild-type females. These results suggest that both ILPs are required for mediating larval development and adult reproduction in M. vitrata.

Sites of Insulin Action Using Ferritin Labeling

1971 ◽  
Vol 29 ◽  
pp. 540-541
Author(s):  
Burton B. Silver ◽  
Ronald S. Nelson
Keyword(s):  
Electron Microscopy ◽  
Binding Sites ◽  
Anterior Pituitary ◽  
Insulin Action ◽  
Diabetic Rats ◽  
Insulin Antibody ◽  
Fat Pad ◽  
Target Organs ◽  
Uranium Salts ◽  
Sugar Levels

Some investigators feel that insulin does not enter cells but exerts its influence in some manner on the cell surface. Ferritin labeling of insulin and insulin antibody was used to determine if binding sites of insulin to specific target organs could be seen with electron microscopy.Alloxanized rats were considered diabetic if blood sugar levels were in excess of 300 mg %. Test reagents included ferritin, ferritin labeled insulin, and ferritin labeled insulin antibody. Target organs examined were were diaphragm, kidney, gastrocnemius, fat pad, liver and anterior pituitary. Reagents were administered through the left common carotid. Survival time was at least one hour in test animals. Tissue incubation studies were also done in normal as well as diabetic rats. Specimens were fixed in gluteraldehyde and osmium followed by staining with lead and uranium salts. Some tissues were not stained.

Plasminogen Activation in Diabetes Mellitus: Normalization of Blood Sugar Levels Improves Impaired Enzyme Kinetics In Vitro

1985 ◽  
Vol 54 (02) ◽  
pp. 413-414 ◽  
Author(s):  
Margarethe Geiger ◽  
Bernd R Binder
Keyword(s):  
Plasminogen Activator ◽  
Blood Sugar ◽  
Metabolic Disorders ◽  
Normal Values ◽  
Diabetic Patients ◽  
Type I ◽  
Plasminogen Activation ◽  
Lag Period ◽  
Sugar Levels

SummaryWe have demonstrated previously that fibrin enhanced plasmin formation by the vascular plasminogen activator was significantly impaired, when components isolated from the plasma of three uncontrolled diabetic patients (type I) were used to study plasminogen activation in vitro. In the present study it can be demonstrated that functional properties of the vascular plasminogen activators as well as of the plasminogens from the same three diabetic patients are significantly improved after normalization of blood sugar levels and improvement of HbAlc values. Most pronounced the Km of diabetic vascular plasminogen activator in the presence of fibrin returned to normal values, and for diabetic plasminogen the prolonged lag period until maximal plasmin formation occurred was shortened to almost control values. From these data we conclude that the observed abnormalities of in vitro fibrinolysis are not primarily associated with the diabetic disease, but might be secondary to metabolic disorders caused by diabetes.

Effects of Rapid Infusion of Ethanol on some Factors Controlling Blood Sugar Levels in Man

1972 ◽  
Vol 33 (3) ◽  
pp. 722-733 ◽  
Author(s):  
John W. Dundee ◽  
Martin Isaac ◽  
Elizabeth A. Davis ◽  
Brian Sheridan
Keyword(s):  
Blood Sugar ◽  
Rapid Infusion ◽  
Sugar Levels

744 PB 076 IDENTIFICATION OF BOTH ACID AND NEUTRAL INVERTASE ACTIVITY IN DEVELOPING STRAWBERRY FRUIT

HortScience ◽  
1994 ◽  
Vol 29 (5) ◽  
pp. 539f-539
Author(s):  
Kirk W. Pomper ◽  
Patrick J. Breen
Keyword(s):  
Extraction Procedure ◽  
Invertase Activity ◽  
Assimilate Transport ◽  
Strawberry Fruit ◽  
Fruit Extracts ◽  
Neutral Invertase ◽  
Optimum Ph ◽  
Cold Acetone ◽  
Ripe Stage ◽  
Sugar Levels

Invertase (INV) may influence sugar levels and assimilate transport in strawberry fruit. Several groups, including our own, have only detected acid INV (optimum pH 4.6) in strawberry fruit, however, recently Hubbard et al. (Physiol. Plant. 82:191-196, 1991) reported the presence of a neutral INV (pH 7.5). Since dissimilar isolation protocols may have contributed to the different findings, we re-examined our work with developing `Brighton' strawberry using the extraction procedure of Hubbard et al. Neutral INV activity per gFW (pH 7.5-8.0) increased many fold as fruit developed from green to the red ripe stage. Acid INV activity decreased markedly from green-white to the red stage. In addition, when fruit extracts were precipitated with cold acetone, a pellet contained 60% of the acid INV activity, and a surface coagulation of protein contained 60% of the neutral INV activity. This allowed easy separation of these two enzymes. Extraction methodologies affect isolation of neutral INV activity from strawberry fruit.

Citrus Carbohydrate Levels were Related to Irrigation Frequency but Not Arbuscular Mycorrhizal Fungal (AMF) Inoculum

HortScience ◽  
1998 ◽  
Vol 33 (3) ◽  
pp. 498a-498
Author(s):  
Matthew W. Fidelibus ◽  
Chris A. Martin
Keyword(s):  
Soil Water ◽  
Arbuscular Mycorrhizal ◽  
Irrigation Frequency ◽  
Soil Water Tension ◽  
Root Starch ◽  
Carbohydrate Levels ◽  
Amf Communities ◽  
Sugar Levels ◽  
Shoot Mass ◽  
Water Tension

Sugar and starch concentrations in leaves and roots of Citrus volkameriana Tan and Pasq were measured in response to irrigation frequency and AMF inoculum. Non-mycorrhizal seedlings were treated with a soil inoculum from one of five different communities of AMF; two AMF communities from Arizona citrus orchard soils, and three communities from undisturbed desert soils. Plants were assigned to frequent (soil water tension > –0.01 MPa) or infrequent (soil water tension > –0.06 MPa) irrigation cycles and were container-grown in a glasshouse for 4 months before tissues were analyzed. Fungal inoculum source did not affect shoot or root carbohydrate levels. Plants grown under high irrigation frequency had increased leaf and root starch levels and increased root sugar levels compared with those under low irrigation frequencies. High irrigation frequency also increased shoot mass.

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