Temperature‐mediated trade‐off between development and performance in larval wood frogs ( Rana sylvatica )

2020 ◽  
Author(s):  
Kaija Gahm ◽  
A. Z. Andis Arietta ◽  
David K. Skelly
Keyword(s):  
Rana Sylvatica ◽  
Wood Frogs ◽  
Trade Off ◽  
And Performance

scholarly journals GRAM

2021 ◽  
Vol 18 (2) ◽  
pp. 1-24
Author(s):  
Nhut-Minh Ho ◽  
Himeshi De silva ◽  
Weng-Fai Wong
Keyword(s):  
Performance Improvement ◽  
Trade Off ◽  
Accuracy Requirement ◽  
Output Error ◽  
Fine Grain ◽  
Mixed Precision ◽  
And Performance ◽  
Effective Use

This article presents GRAM (<underline>G</underline>PU-based <underline>R</underline>untime <underline>A</underline>daption for <underline>M</underline>ixed-precision) a framework for the effective use of mixed precision arithmetic for CUDA programs. Our method provides a fine-grain tradeoff between output error and performance. It can create many variants that satisfy different accuracy requirements by assigning different groups of threads to different precision levels adaptively at runtime . To widen the range of applications that can benefit from its approximation, GRAM comes with an optional half-precision approximate math library. Using GRAM, we can trade off precision for any performance improvement of up to 540%, depending on the application and accuracy requirement.

Selecting packaging material for dry food products by trade‐off of sustainability and performance: A case study on cookies and milk powder

2021 ◽  
Vol 34 (5) ◽  
pp. 303-318
Author(s):  
Maarten Baele ◽  
An Vermeulen ◽  
Dimitri Adons ◽  
Roos Peeters ◽  
Angelique Vandemoortele ◽  
...  
Keyword(s):  
Milk Powder ◽  
Food Products ◽  
Packaging Material ◽  
Trade Off ◽  
Dry Food ◽  
And Performance

Age and Performance Under Pressure

2012 ◽  
pp. 134-152 ◽  
Author(s):  
Harold O. Fried ◽  
Loren W. Tauer
Keyword(s):  
Correlation Coefficient ◽  
High Performance ◽  
Age Distribution ◽  
Mental Ability ◽  
Trade Off ◽  
Athletic Ability ◽  
Front End ◽  
Ladies Professional Golf Association ◽  
And Performance ◽  
Performance Under Pressure

This article explores how well an individual manages his or her own talent to achieve high performance in an individual sport. Its setting is the Ladies Professional Golf Association (LPGA). The order-m approach is explained. Additionally, the data and the empirical findings are presented. The inputs measure fundamental golfing athletic ability. The output measures success on the LPGA tour. The correlation coefficient between earnings per event and the ability to perform under pressure is 0.48. The careers of golfers occur on the front end of the age distribution. There is a classic trade-off between the inevitable deterioration in the mental ability to handle the pressure and experience gained with time. The ability to perform under pressure peaks at age 37.

scholarly journals Principal-principal conflicts leading to activism of a large government-owned investor in Brazil

2021 ◽  
Vol 5 (1) ◽  
pp. 15-21
Author(s):  
Bruno Elmôr Duarte ◽  
Ricardo Pereira Câmara Leal
Keyword(s):  
Corporate Governance ◽  
Government Policy ◽  
Poor Performance ◽  
Ownership Concentration ◽  
Minority Shareholders ◽  
Trade Off ◽  
Legal Proceedings ◽  
Brazilian Government ◽  
And Performance

This article analyzes conflicts between principals that led to activism by one large Brazilian government-owned investor as a minority shareholder and verifies the antecedents, means employed, apparent motivations, and effectiveness of its reactions (Goranova & Ryan, 2014). It examines the cases of three large high ownership concentration listed companies using solely public sources. Poor performance was a frequent conflict antecedent. No evident trade-off between activism and corporate governance (CG) practices emerged. High ownership concentration influenced the way the investor reacted and its success because opposition through internal CG mechanisms was usually not successful and led to legal proceedings. The limitations of the regulatory framework became evident from the mixed outcomes of these proceedings. The investor was not exclusively financially motivated and it occasionally opposed the interests of other minority shareholders to follow government policy. These findings illustrated how high ownership concentration rendered difficult the mitigation of principal-principal conflicts even for a large government-owned investor and help explain the failure of previous econometric studies to relate activism, quality of CG practices and performance (Young, Peng, Ahlstrom, Bruton, & Jiang, 2008)

Variation in amount of surrounding forest habitat influences the initial orientation of juvenile amphibians emigrating from breeding ponds

2008 ◽  
Vol 86 (2) ◽  
pp. 141-146 ◽  
Author(s):  
Leroy J. Walston ◽  
Stephen J. Mullin
Keyword(s):  
Positive Relationship ◽  
Rana Sylvatica ◽  
Environmental Cues ◽  
Bufo Americanus ◽  
Forest Habitat ◽  
Amphibian Species ◽  
Wood Frogs ◽  
Juvenile Dispersal ◽  
Woodland Ponds ◽  
Emigration Behavior

Juvenile dispersal is important for the persistence of ​amphibian populations. Previous studies have observed nonrandom orientation in juvenile amphibians emigrating from breeding ponds; however, the environmental cues associated with these movements are not well understood. We examined the emigration behavior of recently metamorphosed juveniles of three pond-breeding amphibian species from three woodland ponds. We found that juvenile small-mouthed salamanders ( Ambystoma texanum (Matthes, 1855)), American toads ( Bufo americanus Holbrook, 1836), and wood frogs ( Rana sylvatica LeConte, 1825) exhibited nonrandom orientation upon exiting the breeding ponds. Furthermore, we found a positive relationship between captures of juvenile small-mouthed salamanders and wood frogs and width of the surrounding forest habitat, indicating that these species are selecting areas with broader forested habitat upon exiting the breeding ponds. Our results indicate that migrating juvenile amphibians may rely on direct environmental cues because the orientation of small-mouthed salamanders and wood frogs was influenced by width of the surrounding forested habitat. These observations support previous studies suggesting that maintaining forest habitat, along at least a portion of breeding ponds, is important for the persistence of amphibian populations.

Kin recognition by larval wood frogs (Rana sylvatica): effects of diet and prior exposure to conspecifics

Oecologia ◽  
1991 ◽  
Vol 86 (3) ◽  
pp. 319-324 ◽  
Author(s):  
George J. Gamboa ◽  
Keith A. Berven ◽  
Randy A. Schemidt ◽  
Thomas G. Fishwild ◽  
Kelli M. Jankens
Keyword(s):  
Kin Recognition ◽  
Rana Sylvatica ◽  
Prior Exposure ◽  
Wood Frogs

Sexual differences in color and color change in wood frogs

1991 ◽  
Vol 69 (7) ◽  
pp. 1963-1968 ◽  
Author(s):  
Richard B. King ◽  
Bethia King
Keyword(s):  
Color Change ◽  
Red Light ◽  
Green Light ◽  
Rana Sylvatica ◽  
Sexual Differences ◽  
Wood Frog ◽  
Color Classification ◽  
Wood Frogs ◽  
Evolutionary Response ◽  
Males And Females

An observer-free method of color classification was used to determine whether wood frogs, Rana sylvatica, exhibit sexual differences in color and color change. Males and females captured from breeding aggregations differed significantly in color: females reflected a greater amount of long-wavelength (yellow–red) light and less short-wavelength (blue–green) light than males. The color difference was not just a result of differences in the state of physiological color change at the time of capture but persisted for a month after capture. Males and females also differed in their color-change responses to black and white backgrounds: both sexes changed in brightness, but only males changed in the relative amount of light reflected at different wavelengths. Wood frog color may function in predator avoidance through crypsis. There was a good match between frogs and some of the leaves from the leaf litter surrounding the breeding ponds. Hypotheses for the development of sexual differences in wood frog color include sexual differences in availability of pigment and pigment precursors, morphological color change, and evolutionary response to different selection pressures.

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