scholarly journals Locomotor kinematics of tree squirrels (Sciurus carolinensis ) in free-ranging and laboratory environments: Implications for primate locomotion and evolution

2018 ◽  
Vol 331 (2) ◽  
pp. 103-119 ◽  
Author(s):  
Noah T. Dunham ◽  
Allison McNamara ◽  
Liza Shapiro ◽  
Taylor Phelps ◽  
Adrienne N. Wolfe ◽  
...  
Keyword(s):  
Sciurus Carolinensis ◽  
Primate Locomotion ◽  
Tree Squirrels ◽  
Free Ranging

Field manipulations of fox and gray squirrel populations: how important is interspecific competition?

1985 ◽  
Vol 63 (9) ◽  
pp. 2134-2140 ◽  
Author(s):  
Bruce W. Brown ◽  
George O. Batzli
Keyword(s):  
Adult Female ◽  
Field Experiments ◽  
Sciurus Carolinensis ◽  
East Central ◽  
Dispersion Patterns ◽  
Fox Squirrels ◽  
Tree Squirrels ◽  
Survival And Reproduction ◽  
Central Illinois

The role of competition in free-living populations of tree squirrels was evaluated in two field experiments. (i) Numbers of adult female fox squirrels (Sciurus niger) were manipulated and the response of gray squirrels (Sciurus carolinensis) was monitored. (ii) Supplemental feeding with native mast was used to determine if food was limiting for squirrel populations in east-central Illinois. Although sample sizes were small, a trend towards increased survival and reproduction in supplemented woodlots lent support to the idea that food availability limits squirrel densities during some winters. The manipulation of adult female fox squirrels did not indicate that densities of either fox or gray squirrels could be explained simply by competition. Some dispersion patterns on the larger plots were consistent with competition, but other explanations could not be completely ruled out.

scholarly journals Selection of Agricultural Foods by Eastern Grey Squirrels (Sciurus carolinensis): Implications for a New Introduction in British Columbia

2016 ◽  
Vol 130 (3) ◽  
pp. 202
Author(s):  
Jillian M McAllister ◽  
Valerie Law ◽  
Karl W Larsen
Keyword(s):  
British Columbia ◽  
Local Scale ◽  
Sciurus Carolinensis ◽  
Grey Squirrel ◽  
Food Items ◽  
South Central ◽  
Fruit Growing ◽  
Free Ranging ◽  
Grey Squirrels ◽  
Selection Of

The recent introduction of the Eastern Grey Squirrel (Sciurus carolinensis) into south-central British Columbia occurred within an important agricultural zone. As repercussions for the fruit-growing sector are currently unknown, we conducted trials with captive squirrels to understand the range of fruits consumed and their references. The squirrels consumed a portion of every food item offered, although the order in which the foods were used was inconsistent (with sharp contrasts between animals). Of the fruit types offered, apples appeared to be of greatest overall interest. However, seeds and nuts tended to be used first when presented in combination with fruit, suggesting opportunities to use these food types to deflect or remove Eastern Grey Squirrels from orchard crops. We caution that our results may not reflect the food items that free-ranging Eastern Grey Squirrels will target or disregard once densities in the introduced population become higher and the availability of food on a local scale begins to exert an effect.

The influence of distance to refuge on flight initiation distance in the gray squirrel (Sciurus carolinensis)

1989 ◽  
Vol 67 (1) ◽  
pp. 233-235 ◽  
Author(s):  
Lawrence M. Dill ◽  
Robert Houtman
Keyword(s):  
Sciurus Carolinensis ◽  
Flight Initiation Distance ◽  
Gray Squirrel ◽  
Tree Squirrels ◽  
Flight Initiation ◽  
Model Predator

Gray squirrels (Sciurus carolinensis) typically run to the nearest tree to escape from predators they encounter while foraging on the ground. As the risk of capture increases with distance from the refuge tree, squirrels feeding far from trees should have greater flight initiation distances than those feeding closer by. This prediction was confirmed: flight initiation distance in response to a motorized model predator (a cat) increased as distance to refuge increased. This could not be attributed to any effect of distance to refuge on vigilance.

Investigation of duck plague virus in hoar areas of Bangladesh

2020 ◽  
Vol 26 (1-2) ◽  
pp. 73-78
Author(s):  
A Hossen ◽  
MH Rahman ◽  
MZ Ali ◽  
MA Yousuf ◽  
MZ Hassan ◽  
...  
Keyword(s):  
Cytopathic Effect ◽  
Clinical Sample ◽  
Chorioallantoic Membrane ◽  
Clinical Samples ◽  
Isolation And Identification ◽  
Duck Plague Virus ◽  
Pcr Method ◽  
Polymerase Chain ◽  
The Individual ◽  
Free Ranging

Duck plague (DP) is the most important infectious disease of geese, ducks and free-ranging water birds. The present study was conducted to determine the prevalence of duck plague virus followed by isolation and identification. For these purposes, a total of 155 cloacal swabs samples were collected randomly from duck of different haor areas of Bangladesh including 45 (41 surveillance and 4 clinical) samples from Netrokona; 42 (40 surveillance and 2 clinical) samples from Kishoregonj; 30 samples from Brahmanbaria and 38 samples from Sunamganj. The samples were processed and pooled (1:5 ratio) for initial screening of target polymerase gene of duck plague virus by polymerase chain reaction (PCR) method. All the samples of a positive pool were then tested individually for identifying the individual positive samples. The result showed that out of 155 samples, 41 (26.45%) were found positive in which 17 were from Netrokona, where 15 (36.58%) were from surveillance samples and 2 (50%) were from clinical sample; 16 were from Kishoregonj, where 14 (35%) were from surveillance samples and 2 (100%) were from clinical sample; 2 (6.6%) were from Brahmanbaria and 5 (13.15%) were from Sunamganj. These positive samples were inoculated into 9-10 days embryonated duck eggs (EDE) through chorioallantoic membrane (CAM) route for the isolation of virus. The EDE died earlier was also chilled, and in a similar way, the CAMs were collected and again performed PCR for id entification of virus. Out of 41 PCR positive samples, 26 samples were isolated and reconfirmed by PCR. Subsequently, DPV was isolated in primary duck embryo fibroblasts cell culture and confirmed by observing cytopathic effect (CPE). Bang. J. Livs. Res. Vol. 26 (1&2), 2019: P. 73-78

Clinical signs in free-ranging Guiana dolphins Sotalia guianensis during a morbillivirus epidemic: case study in Sepetiba Bay, Brazil

2019 ◽  
Vol 133 (3) ◽  
pp. 175-180 ◽  
Author(s):  
L Flach ◽  
MB Alonso ◽  
T Marinho ◽  
K Van Waerebeek ◽  
MF Van Bressem
Keyword(s):  
Clinical Signs ◽  
Sepetiba Bay ◽  
Sotalia Guianensis ◽  
Free Ranging

Pulmonary hair embolism in a rescued free-ranging Eurasian otter Lutra lutra in Kinmen, Taiwan

2020 ◽  
Vol 142 ◽  
pp. 55-61
Author(s):  
WT Li ◽  
YL Chiang ◽  
TY Chen ◽  
CL Lai
Keyword(s):  
Foreign Body ◽  
Traumatic Injury ◽  
Lung Parenchyma ◽  
Giant Cells ◽  
Hair Shaft ◽  
Lutra Lutra ◽  
Lung Lobe ◽  
Eurasian Otter ◽  
Foreign Body Giant Cells ◽  
Free Ranging

Eurasian otters Lutra lutra are listed as Near Threatened on the IUCN Red List and are imperiled by habitat loss, water pollution, and poaching. Harassment and attacks by stray animals are also recognized threats to the health of wild Eurasian otters. Pulmonary hair embolism is a possible complication in animals with deep traumatic injury, but to date no cases have been reported in wildlife. A free-ranging, adult male Eurasian otter was rescued due to severe emaciation and multiple bite wounds. The otter died 3 d after rescue and was necropsied. Grossly, a 1.5 × 1.5 × 1.5 cm firm nodule was observed in the left cranial lung lobe. Histologically, a fragment of hair shaft surrounded by multinucleated foreign body giant cells was observed in a medium-sized vein, and extensive eosinophilic infiltration was noted in the adjacent vascular wall and lung parenchyma. Based on the gross and histological findings, the pulmonary lesion was consistent with eosinophilic pneumonia and vasculitis induced by hair embolism. The presence of well-formed multinucleated foreign body giant cells and eosinophils may imply a late stage of foreign body reaction, and thus the presumptive source of hair embolism is an animal bite. This is the first report of pulmonary hair embolism associated with animal bite in a rescued free-ranging Eurasian otter.

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