scholarly journals Can we reduce phosphorus runoff from agricultural fields by stimulating soil biota?

2020 ◽  
Vol 49 (4) ◽  
pp. 933-944 ◽  
Author(s):  
Jessica R. Susser ◽  
Shannon L. Pelini ◽  
Michael N. Weintraub
Keyword(s):  
Soil Biota ◽  
Agricultural Fields ◽  
Phosphorus Runoff

Effects of Tillage and Phosphorus Source onLong-term Phosphorus Runoff Loss and Crop Yield

2013 ◽  
Author(s):  
Antonio P. Mallarino ◽  
Mazhar Ul Haq ◽  
Matthew J. Helmers ◽  
Joshua L. Sievers ◽  
Ryan Rusk
Keyword(s):  
Crop Yield ◽  
Phosphorus Source ◽  
Phosphorus Runoff

The Issue of Plastic and Microplastic Pollution in Soil

2019 ◽  
Vol 56 (3) ◽  
pp. 484-487 ◽  
Author(s):  
Valentina Constanta Tudor ◽  
Dorina Nicoleta Mocuta ◽  
Ruxandra Florina Teodorescu ◽  
Dragos Ion Smedescu
Keyword(s):  
Water Pollution ◽  
Organic Matter ◽  
Soil Pollution ◽  
Aquatic Environment ◽  
Negative Impact ◽  
Plastic Material ◽  
Soil Biota ◽  
Toxic Substances

Soil pollution with plastics represents a great threat to plants, animals, but especially to humans, as a very small quantity of the plastic which is discarded daily is recycled or incinerated in waste facilities, much of it reaching landfills where their decomposition lasts up to 1000 years and during this time the toxic substances penetrate the soil and the water. If, initially, the pollution with plastics has been identified and recognized in the aquatic environment, recent studies show that plastics residues exist in huge quantities in the soil. The present study focuses on the analysis of factors that pollute soil, so the various studies that have been carried out claim that soil pollution with plastic is much higher and increases in an aggressive manner, being estimated to be 4 to 23 times higher than water pollution with plastics, and the accumulation of microplastics in the soil has a negative impact on soil biota. Thus, once the plastic material accumulates in the soil, it is assimilated to organic matter and the mineral substitutes of the soil and persists for several hundred years.

Applications of Algal Polysaccharides and Derivatives in Therapeutic and Agricultural Fields

2019 ◽  
Vol 25 (11) ◽  
pp. 1187-1199 ◽  
Author(s):  
Soukaina Bouissil ◽  
Guillaume Pierre ◽  
Zainab El Alaoui-Talibi ◽  
Philippe Michaud ◽  
C. El Modafar ◽  
...  
Keyword(s):  
Molecular Weight ◽  
Wound Dressing ◽  
Chemical Processes ◽  
Bioactive Molecules ◽  
Present Review ◽  
Agricultural Fields ◽  
Low Molecular Weight ◽  
Molecular Weight Fractions ◽  
Algal Polysaccharides ◽  
Agricultural Fertilizer

Background: Recently, researchers have given more and more consideration to natural polysaccharides thanks to their huge properties such as stability, biodegradability and biocompatibility for food and therapeutics applications. Methods: a number of enzymatic and chemical processes were performed to generate bioactive molecules, such as low molecular weight fractions and oligosaccharides derivatives from algal polysaccharides. Results: These considerable characteristics allow algal polysaccharides and their derivatives such as low molecular weight polymers and oligosaccharides structures to have great potential to be used in lots of domains, such as pharmaceutics and agriculture etc. Conclusion: The present review describes the mains polysaccharides structures from Algae and focuses on the currents agricultural (fertilizer, bio-elicitor, stimulators, signaling molecules and activators) and pharmaceutical (wound dressing, tissues engineering and drugs delivery) applications by using polysaccharides and/or their oligosaccharides derivatives obtained by chemical, physical and enzymatic processes.

The Chemistry of Triazine Isomers: Structures, Reactions, Synthesis and Applications

2020 ◽  
Vol 20 ◽  
Author(s):  
Neelottama Kushwaha ◽  
C S Sharma
Keyword(s):  
Basic Property ◽  
Electrophilic Substitution ◽  
Antimicrobial Agents ◽  
Resonance Energy ◽  
Heterocyclic Ring ◽  
Ring System ◽  
Agricultural Fields ◽  
Substitution Reactions ◽  
Anti Cancer ◽  
Benzene Structure

: Triazine is the six-membered heterocyclic ring containing three nitrogen which replaces carbon-hydrogen unit in the benzene ring. Based on nitrogen position present in the ring system, it is categorized in three isomeric forms i.e.1, 2, 3-triazine (vicinal triazine), 1, 2, 4-triazine (asymmetrical triazine or isotriazine) and 1, 3, 5-triazine (symmetrical or s-triazine or cyanidine). Triazines have weakly basic property. Its isomers have much weaker resonance energy than benzene structure, so nucleophilic substitution reactions are more preferred than electrophilic substitution reactions. Triazine isomers and their derivatives are known to play important roles possessing various activities in medicinal and agricultural fields such as anti-cancer, antiviral, fungicidal, insecticidal, bactericidal, herbicidal, antimalarial and antimicrobial agents.

The research study in the convergence of the results of processing radar images Sentinel-1A with field observations of agricultural sites

2019 ◽  
Vol 950 (8) ◽  
pp. 52-58
Author(s):  
D.V. Mozer ◽  
Е.L. Levin ◽  
A.K. Satbergenova
Keyword(s):  
Satellite Remote Sensing ◽  
Satellite Images ◽  
Research Study ◽  
High Accuracy ◽  
Agricultural Fields ◽  
Field Observations ◽  
Radar Images ◽  
The Earth ◽  
Radar Satellite ◽  
Modern Technologies

The manuscript discusses how to monitor the condition of seedlings on agricultural fields planted with winter wheat, fodder maize and areas of fir forest located in the Freudenstadt district of Baden-Wuerttemberg in Germany. To solve the range of agricultural problems , they often use modern technologies such as satellite remote sensing of the Earth. The paper displays the monitoring results of the Sentinel-1A radar satellites scenes, as well as visual spectrum imagery of field observations are presented when leaving directly to terrain segments. The processing deployed data chain, consisting of 11 Sentinel-1A scenes acquired in the timefrane from March to November 2018. Specifically, the SNAP Sentinel Toolboxes software was used to process the radar satellite images Sentinel-1А, the. Based on the the research outcomes the Committee of Agriculture of the Freudenstadt district is able to predict the yield amount with high accuracy due to good data convergence. According to the study, the following three important problems can be resolved by means of Sentinel-1A imagery

scholarly journals Effects of Soil Abiotic and Biotic Factors on Tree Seedling Regeneration Following a Boreal Forest Wildfire

Ecosystems ◽  
2021 ◽  
Author(s):  
Theresa S. Ibáñez ◽  
David A. Wardle ◽  
Michael J. Gundale ◽  
Marie-Charlotte Nilsson
Keyword(s):  
Boreal Forest ◽  
Betula Pendula ◽  
Fire Severity ◽  
Tree Regeneration ◽  
Soil Biota ◽  
Fire Disturbance ◽  
Burn Severity ◽  
Soil Conditions ◽  
Tree Seedling ◽  
Seedling Regeneration

AbstractWildfire disturbance is important for tree regeneration in boreal ecosystems. A considerable amount of literature has been published on how wildfires affect boreal forest regeneration. However, we lack understanding about how soil-mediated effects of fire disturbance on seedlings occur via soil abiotic properties versus soil biota. We collected soil from stands with three different severities of burning (high, low and unburned) and conducted two greenhouse experiments to explore how seedlings of tree species (Betula pendula, Pinus sylvestris and Picea abies) performed in live soils and in sterilized soil inoculated by live soil from each of the three burning severities. Seedlings grown in live soil grew best in unburned soil. When sterilized soils were reinoculated with live soil, seedlings of P. abies and P. sylvestris grew better in soil from low burn severity stands than soil from either high severity or unburned stands, demonstrating that fire disturbance may favor post-fire regeneration of conifers in part due to the presence of soil biota that persists when fire severity is low or recovers quickly post-fire. Betula pendula did not respond to soil biota and was instead driven by changes in abiotic soil properties following fire. Our study provides strong evidence that high fire severity creates soil conditions that are adverse for seedling regeneration, but that low burn severity promotes soil biota that stimulates growth and potential regeneration of conifers. It also shows that species-specific responses to abiotic and biotic soil characteristics are altered by variation in fire severity. This has important implications for tree regeneration because it points to the role of plant–soil–microbial feedbacks in promoting successful establishment, and potentially successional trajectories and species dominance in boreal forests in the future as fire regimes become increasingly severe through climate change.

scholarly journals Bird communities in a degraded forest biodiversity hotspot of East Africa

2021 ◽  
Author(s):  
Moses Mulwa ◽  
Mike Teucher ◽  
Werner Ulrich ◽  
Jan Christian Habel
Keyword(s):  
Tropical Forests ◽  
Agricultural Land ◽  
Bird Species ◽  
Bird Communities ◽  
Natural Forest ◽  
Tree Plantations ◽  
Agricultural Fields ◽  
Degraded Forest ◽  
Forest Patches ◽  
Small Forest

AbstractTropical forests suffer severe habitat destruction. Thus, tropical forests frequently consist today of only a few small remnants that are often embedded within a matrix of agricultural fields and tree plantations. Forest specialist species have experienced severe population declines under these circumstances. We studied bird communities based on census plots set up in a near-natural forest block, as well as degraded forest patches, tree plantations, and agricultural fields, across the Taita Hills in southern Kenya. We classified each bird species according its ecology and behavior. We quantified the land cover and landscape configuration around each census plot. Typical forest species were mainly observed in the near-natural forest block, and to a lower extent in degraded forest patches. Plantations were almost devoid of birds. Bird communities of small forest fragments were more similar to that of agricultural land than the near-natural forest block. Most frugivorous, insectivorous and nectarivorous birds occurred in forest habitats, while granivorous bird species dominated the bird communities of agricultural land. The surrounding landscape had a marginal impact on bird species composition at local sites. Our study showed that the preservation of near-natural cloud forest, including small forest patches, is essential for the conservation of forest-dependent species, and that plantations do not serve as surrogate habitats.

scholarly journals Research trends of microplastics in the soil environment: Comprehensive screening of effects

2021 ◽  
Author(s):  
Shin Woong Kim ◽  
Matthias C. Rillig
Keyword(s):  
Soil Properties ◽  
Additional Data ◽  
Soil Property ◽  
Dry Weight ◽  
Current Data ◽  
Soil Biota ◽  
Soil Parameters ◽  
Soil Environment ◽  
Soil System ◽  
Sensitivity Distribution

AbstractWe collated and synthesized previous studies that reported the impacts of microplastics on soil parameters. The data were classified and integrated to screen for the proportion of significant effects, then we suggest several directions to alleviate the current data limitation in future experiments. We compiled 106 datasets capturing significant effects, which were analyzed in detail. We found that polyethylene and pellets (or powders) were the most frequently used microplastic composition and shape for soil experiments. The significant effects mainly occurred in broad size ranges (0.1–1 mm) at test concentrations of 0.1%–10% based on soil dry weight. Polyvinyl chloride and film induced significant effects at lower concentrations compared to other compositions and shapes, respectively. We adopted a species sensitivity distribution (SSD) and soil property effect distribution (SPED) method using available data from soil biota, and for soil properties and enzymes deemed relevant for microplastic management. The predicted-no-effect-concentration (PNEC)-like values needed to protect 95% of soil biota and soil properties was estimated to be between 520 and 655 mg kg−1. This study was the first to screen microplastic levels with a view toward protecting the soil system. Our results should be regularly updated (e.g., quarterly) with additional data as they become available.

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