Matching, induction, and covariance with mixed response‐contingent food and noncontingent food

2021 ◽  
Author(s):  
William M Baum
Keyword(s):  
Response Contingent ◽  
Mixed Response

Introducing Problem-based Learning to Special Needs Dentistry—A Case Study

2002 ◽  
Vol os9 (1) ◽  
pp. 9-13 ◽  
Author(s):  
Raman Bedi ◽  
Jackie A Champion ◽  
Roger Davies
Keyword(s):  
Special Needs ◽  
Problem Based Learning ◽  
Chi Square ◽  
Training And Education ◽  
Mixed Response ◽  
Conventional Teaching ◽  
The Subject ◽  
Better Than ◽  
Made In

Introduction In order to promote training and education in special-needs dentistry an attempt was made to introduce problem-based learning (PBL) as a method of postgraduate dental education. The aim of this paper was to review the principles of PBL and report on a case study using this methodology. Method The case study was of a PBL session, on the subject of ‘problems of obtaining appropriate dental care for people with epilepsy’, undertaken at a national conference. Delegates were asked to complete a pre- and post-session questionnaire on PBL and their attitudes to the session. Results The session received a mixed response. Only 33 (35%) thought the session was valuable and only 20 (31%) thought it was better than conventional teaching methods and yet over half (55%) said they would like to attend more PBL in special-needs dentistry. Professionals complementary to dentistry were more likely to find the PBL session of value and to prefer the method to a more conventional format than dentists were (chi-square=5.5, df=1, p<0.05 and chi-square=5.9, df=1, p<0.05 respectively). Conclusion Valuable feedback was received from delegates. This will enable improvements to be made in future courses so that the effectiveness of PBL can be optimised.

Mixed response in bacterial and biochemical variables to simulated sand mining in placer-rich beach sediments, Ratnagiri, West coast of India

2011 ◽  
Vol 184 (5) ◽  
pp. 2677-2689 ◽  
Author(s):  
Christabelle E. G. Fernandes ◽  
Anindita Das ◽  
B. N. Nath ◽  
Daphne G. Faria ◽  
P. A. Loka Bharathi
Keyword(s):  
West Coast ◽  
Sand Mining ◽  
West Coast Of India ◽  
Biochemical Variables ◽  
Mixed Response ◽  
Beach Sediments

scholarly journals Kenaf (Hibiscus cannabinus L.) Impact on Post-Germination Seedling Growth

2015 ◽  
Vol 7 (12) ◽  
pp. 91
Author(s):  
Charles L. Webber III ◽  
Paul M. White Jr ◽  
Dwight L. Myers ◽  
James W. Shrefler ◽  
Merritt J. Taylor
Keyword(s):  
Root Growth ◽  
Italian Ryegrass ◽  
Hibiscus Cannabinus ◽  
Green Bean ◽  
Hypocotyl Growth ◽  
Leaf Extracts ◽  
Radicle Growth ◽  
Redroot Pigweed ◽  
Mixed Response ◽  
The Impact

<p>The chemical interaction between plants, which is referred to as allelopathy, may result in the inhibition of plant growth and development. The objective of this research was to determine the impact of kenaf (<em>Hibiscus cannabinus</em> L.) plant extracts on the post-germination growth of five plant species. Four concentrations (0, 16.7, 33.3 and 66.7 g/L) of kenaf bark, core, and leaf extracts were applied to the germinated seeds of redroot pigweed (<em>Amaranthus retroflexus</em> L.), green bean (<em>Phaseolus vulgaris</em> L.), tomato (<em>Solanum lycopersicum </em>Mill.), cucumber (<em>Cucumis sativus</em> L.), and Italian ryegrass (<em>Lolium multiflorum</em> Lam.). After 7 days, the developing seedlings were measured to determine the length of their hypocotyls (mm) and radicles (mm), and the number of hair roots. Tomato, Italian ryegrass, and redroot pigweed followed similar negative trends in their responses to the extract source (kenaf bark, core, and leaves) and the impact of extract concentration, whereas, cucumber had a mixed response and green bean reacted positively to the kenaf extracts. Tomato was the most sensitive species tested across all kenaf extracts and concentrations, resulting in decreased hypocotyl, radicle, and root growth. Green bean exhibited no negative effects due to the kenaf extracts, but actually produced increased hypocotyl growth as a result of the kenaf bark, core, and leaf extracts. The kenaf extracts resulted in a mixed response for cucumber. The kenaf leaf and bark extract decreased cucumber radicle growth, whereas, the bark and core extracts increased hypocotyl growth. Italian ryegrass hypocotyl growth decreased across all extract sources (bark, core, and leaf), while the leaf extract also reduced root growth. All kenaf extracts reduced redroot pigweed radicle growth, while the core and leaf extracts reduced hypocotyl growth. The research demonstrated that kenaf leaf extracts were the most allelopathic and the hypocotyls were the most sensitive. Future research should isolate the chemicals responsible for both the negative and positive allelopathic impact on the various plant species, determine if the extracts will influence more mature plants, and pursue cultural practices to utilize these natural allelopathic materials to benefit crop production and limit weed competition.</p>

Response contingent illumination change as a reinforcer in the rat

1972 ◽  
Vol 20 (2) ◽  
pp. 259-262 ◽  
Author(s):  
D.I. Williams ◽  
G. Lowe
Keyword(s):  
Illumination Change ◽  
Response Contingent
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