scholarly journals Exploring a Training IRAP as a single participant context for analyzing reversed derived relations and persistent rule‐following

2021 ◽  
Author(s):  
Colin Harte ◽  
Dermot Barnes‐Holmes ◽  
Murilo Moreira ◽  
Joao H. Almeida ◽  
Denise Passarelli ◽  
...  
Keyword(s):  
Rule Following ◽  
Derived Relations

scholarly journals Persistent Rule-Following in the Face of Reversed Reinforcement Contingencies: The Differential Impact of Direct Versus Derived Rules

2017 ◽  
Vol 41 (6) ◽  
pp. 743-763 ◽  
Author(s):  
Colin Harte ◽  
Yvonne Barnes-Holmes ◽  
Dermot Barnes-Holmes ◽  
Ciara McEnteggart
Keyword(s):  
Maladaptive Behaviors ◽  
Rule Following ◽  
Differential Impact ◽  
Derived Relations ◽  
Relational Responding ◽  
Psychological Suffering ◽  
Rule Compliance ◽  
The Face ◽  
Post Hoc ◽  
Integrate Research

Rule-governed behavior and its role in generating insensitivity to direct contingencies of reinforcement have been implicated in human psychological suffering. In addition, the human capacity to engage in derived relational responding has also been used to explain specific human maladaptive behaviors, such as irrational fears. To date, however, very little research has attempted to integrate research on contingency insensitivity and derived relations. The current work sought to fill this gap. Across two experiments, participants received either a direct rule (Direct Rule Condition) or a rule that involved a novel derived relational response (Derived Rule Condition). Provision of a direct rule resulted in more persistent rule-following in the face of competing contingencies, but only when the opportunity to follow the reinforced rule beforehand was relatively protracted. Furthermore, only in the Direct Rule Condition were there significant correlations between rule-compliance and stress. A post hoc interpretation of the findings is provided.

Analysis of the precipitation reactor-separation equipment system. Continuous reactor and the rotary vacuum filter operating at the selected negative pressure drop

1981 ◽  
Vol 46 (10) ◽  
pp. 2364-2370 ◽  
Author(s):  
Otakar Söhnel
Keyword(s):  
Pressure Drop ◽  
Negative Pressure ◽  
Continuous Reactor ◽  
Vacuum Filter ◽  
Continuous Precipitation ◽  
Derived Relations ◽  
Filtration Area ◽  
Separation Equipment ◽  
Unit Output ◽  
Rotary Vacuum

An analysis has been performed of the continuous precipitation reactor - rotary vacuum filter system (operating at the selected negative pressure drop) on the basis of the unit output. Filtration area necessary for separation of the product from the precipitation reactor is a function of the mean residence time of suspension in the reactor, concentration of the precipitating solutions, porosity of the filtration cake and the filtration negative pressure drop. Application of the derived relations is demonstrated on the continuous precipitation of Mg(OH)2.

Supersaturation of solutions in crystallisers with the well stirred suspension

1980 ◽  
Vol 45 (7) ◽  
pp. 1920-1927 ◽  
Author(s):  
Jaroslav Nývlt
Keyword(s):  
High Accuracy ◽  
Nucleation And Growth ◽  
Kinetic Constants ◽  
Derived Relations ◽  
Metastable Region ◽  
The Given

Relations were derived comparing the steady supersaturation in the continuous MSMPR and/or bath crystallisers with the stirred suspension having the maximum supersaturation corresponding to the boundary of metastable region at the given conditions. The derived relations include only the quantities used for the system constant BN from the corresponding crystallisation experiments. By use of supersaturation in the crystalliser obtained by the described method it is possible to evaluate the kinetic constants of nucleation and growth. However, it is not possible to expect a high accuracy of the data so obtained.

On Rule-Following

2018 ◽  
Author(s):  
Marie McGinn
Keyword(s):  
The Other ◽  
Rule Following ◽  
Philosophical Investigations ◽  
Normative Constraint

In Philosophical Investigations, Wittgenstein raises difficulties for the idea that what comes before my mind when I hear, or suddenly understand, a word can impose any normative constraint on what I go on to do. The conclusion his reflections seem to force on us gives rise to a paradox: there is no such thing as going on to apply an expression in a way that accords with what is meant by it. The paradox can be seen as one horn of a dilemma, the other horn of which is Platonism about meaning. It is generally agreed that resolving the paradox means finding a middle course between the two horns of the dilemma. This chapter looks at three attempts to find the middle course: communitarianism, naturalized Platonism, and quietism. It then considers whether Charles Travis offers a way out of the dilemma which avoids the problems of the other views discussed.

scholarly journals Rule-governed Practices in the Natural World

2020 ◽  
Vol 1 (1) ◽  
pp. 161-181
Author(s):  
Wolfgang Huemer
Keyword(s):  
Human Nature ◽  
Natural World ◽  
Prima Facie ◽  
Social Dimension ◽  
Rule Following ◽  
Contemporary Debate ◽  
Person Plural ◽  
The Social ◽  
First Person Plural ◽  
Community Rule

AbstractI address the question of whether naturalism can provide adequate means for the scientific study of rules and rule-following behavior. As the term “naturalism” is used in many different ways in the contemporary debate, I will first spell out which version of naturalism I am targeting. Then I will recall a classical argument against naturalism in a version presented by Husserl. In the main part of the paper, I will sketch a conception of rule-following behavior that is influenced by Sellars and Haugeland. I will argue that rule-following is an essential part of human nature and insist in the social dimension of rules. Moreover, I will focus on the often overlooked fact that genuine rule-following behavior requires resilience and presupposes an inclination to calibrate one’s own behavior to that of the other members of the community. Rule-following, I will argue, is possible only for social creatures who follow shared rules, which in turn presupposes a shared (first-person plural) perspective. This implies, however, that our scientific understanding of human nature has to remain incomplete as long as it does not take this perspective, which prima facie seems alien to it, into account.

Economic and Sociological Accounts of Social Norms

2020 ◽  
Vol 42 (1) ◽  
pp. 41-96
Author(s):  
Hartmut Kliemt
Keyword(s):  
Social Norms ◽  
Social Order ◽  
Individual Behavior ◽  
Rule Following ◽  
Sociological Approach ◽  
Economic Methods ◽  
Experimental Economic ◽  
Seeking Behavior

AbstractClassifying accounts of institutionalized social norms that rely on individual rule-following as ‘sociological’ and accounts based on individual opportunity-seeking behavior as ‘economic’, the paper rejects purely economic accounts on theoretical grounds. Explaining the realworkings of institutionalized social norms and social order exclusively in terms of self-regarding opportunityseeking individual behavior is impossible. An integrated sociological approach to the so-called Hobbesian problem of social order that incorporates opportunityseeking along with rule-following behavior is necessary. Such an approach emerges on the horizon if economic methods are put to good sociological use on the basis of recent experimental economic findings on rule-following behavior.

scholarly journals The rule of rules

Public Choice ◽  
2021 ◽  
Author(s):  
Alan Hamlin
Keyword(s):  
Political Economy ◽  
Social Order ◽  
Political Order ◽  
Constitutional Political Economy ◽  
Rule Following ◽  
Rule Based

AbstractRules are central to the constitutional political economy (CPE) approach. On this approach, rules, of a variety of types and forms, are necessary for the emergence of a political and social order, so that all genuine political order is rule-based. The central role of rules within the CPE approach is examined starting from an explicit definitional discussion of the concept of a rule and including discussion of the nature of rule-following behavior, the supply of rules, and rule enforcement.

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