scholarly journals Syntax for calculation of discounting indices from the monetary choice questionnaire and probability discounting questionnaire

2016 ◽  
Vol 106 (2) ◽  
pp. 156-163 ◽  
Author(s):  
Joshua C. Gray ◽  
Michael T. Amlung ◽  
Abraham A. Palmer ◽  
James MacKillop
Keyword(s):  
Probability Discounting ◽  
Monetary Choice Questionnaire

scholarly journals Using crowdsourcing to examine relations between delay and probability discounting

2012 ◽  
Vol 91 (3) ◽  
pp. 308-312 ◽  
Author(s):  
David P. Jarmolowicz ◽  
Warren K. Bickel ◽  
Anne E. Carter ◽  
Christopher T. Franck ◽  
E. Terry Mueller
Keyword(s):  
Probability Discounting

scholarly journals Cuing both positive and negative episodic foresight reduces delay discounting but does not affect risk-taking

2019 ◽  
Vol 72 (8) ◽  
pp. 1998-2017 ◽  
Author(s):  
Adam Bulley ◽  
Beyon Miloyan ◽  
Gillian V Pepper ◽  
Matthew J Gullo ◽  
Julie D Henry ◽  
...  
Keyword(s):  
Decision Making ◽  
Delay Discounting ◽  
Risk Taking ◽  
Future Scenarios ◽  
Balloon Analogue Risk Task ◽  
Episodic Simulation ◽  
The Future ◽  
Future Events ◽  
Monetary Choice Questionnaire

Humans frequently create mental models of the future, allowing outcomes to be inferred in advance of their occurrence. Recent evidence suggests that imagining positive future events reduces delay discounting (the devaluation of reward with time until its receipt), while imagining negative future events may increase it. Here, using a sample of 297 participants, we experimentally assess the effects of cued episodic simulation of positive and negative future scenarios on decision-making in the context of both delay discounting (monetary choice questionnaire) and risk-taking (balloon-analogue risk task). Participants discounted the future less when cued to imagine positive and negative future scenarios than they did when cued to engage in control neutral imagery. There were no effects of experimental condition on risk-taking. Thus, although these results replicate previous findings suggesting episodic future simulation can reduce delay discounting, they indicate that this effect is not dependent on the valence of the thoughts, and does not generalise to all other forms of “impulsive” decision-making. We discuss various interpretations of these results, and suggest avenues for further research on the role of prospection in decision-making.

scholarly journals Does Ventromedial Prefrontal Cortex Damage Really Increase Impulsiveness? Delay and Probability Discounting in Patients with Focal Lesions

2021 ◽  
pp. 1-19
Author(s):  
Jenkin N. Y. Mok ◽  
Leonard Green ◽  
Joel Myerson ◽  
Donna Kwan ◽  
Jake Kurczek ◽  
...  
Keyword(s):  
Prefrontal Cortex ◽  
Medial Temporal Lobe ◽  
Intertemporal Choice ◽  
Significant Negative Correlation ◽  
Risky Choice ◽  
Probability Discounting ◽  
Ventromedial Prefrontal Cortex ◽  
General Level ◽  
Focal Lesions ◽  
Reward Amount

Abstract If the tendency to discount rewards reflects individuals' general level of impulsiveness, then the discounting of delayed and probabilistic rewards should be negatively correlated: The less a person is able to wait for delayed rewards, the more they should take chances on receiving probabilistic rewards. It has been suggested that damage to the ventromedial prefrontal cortex (vMPFC) increases individuals' impulsiveness, but both intertemporal choice and risky choice have only recently been assayed in the same patients with vMPFC damage. Here, we assess both delay and probability discounting in individuals with vMPFC damage (n = 8) or with medial temporal lobe (MTL) damage (n = 10), and in age- and education-matched controls (n = 30). On average, MTL-lesioned individuals discounted delayed rewards at normal rates but discounted probabilistic rewards more shallowly than controls. In contrast, vMPFC-lesioned individuals discounted delayed rewards more steeply but probabilistic rewards more shallowly than controls. These results suggest that vMPFC lesions affect the weighting of reward amount relative to delay and certainty in opposite ways. Moreover, whereas MTL-lesioned individuals and controls showed typical, nonsignificant correlations between the discounting of delayed and probabilistic rewards, vMPFC-lesioned individuals showed a significant negative correlation, as would be expected if vMPFC damage increases impulsiveness more in some patients than in others. Although these results are consistent with the hypothesis that vMPFC plays a role in impulsiveness, it is unclear how they could be explained by a single mechanism governing valuation of both delayed and probabilistic rewards.

scholarly journals Sexual Probability Discounting: A Mechanism for Sexually Transmitted Infection Among Undergraduate Students

2018 ◽  
Vol 48 (2) ◽  
pp. 495-505 ◽  
Author(s):  
Meredith S. Berry ◽  
Patrick S. Johnson ◽  
Anahí Collado ◽  
Jennifer M. Loya ◽  
Richard Yi ◽  
...  
Keyword(s):  
Undergraduate Students ◽  
Sexually Transmitted Infection ◽  
Probability Discounting ◽  
Transmitted Infection ◽  
Sexually Transmitted

Three-month stability of delay and probability discounting measures.

2006 ◽  
Vol 14 (3) ◽  
pp. 318-328 ◽  
Author(s):  
Yu Ohmura ◽  
Taiki Takahashi ◽  
Nozomi Kitamura ◽  
Paul Wehr
Keyword(s):  
Probability Discounting

scholarly journals Cocaine administration dose-dependently increases sexual desire and decreases condom use likelihood: The role of delay and probability discounting in connecting cocaine with HIV

2016 ◽  
Vol 234 (4) ◽  
pp. 599-612 ◽  
Author(s):  
Matthew W. Johnson ◽  
Evan S. Herrmann ◽  
Mary M. Sweeney ◽  
Robert S. LeComte ◽  
Patrick S. Johnson
Keyword(s):  
Condom Use ◽  
Sexual Desire ◽  
Probability Discounting ◽  
Cocaine Administration

Extended Monetary Choice Questionnaire

2015 ◽  
Author(s):  
Sheri L. Towe ◽  
Andréa L. Hobkirk ◽  
Daniel G. Ye ◽  
Christina S. Meade
Keyword(s):  
Monetary Choice Questionnaire

scholarly journals Altered brain functional networks in Internet gaming disorder: independent component and graph theoretical analysis under a probability discounting task

CNS Spectrums ◽  
2019 ◽  
Vol 24 (5) ◽  
pp. 544-556 ◽  
Author(s):  
Ziliang Wang ◽  
Xiaoyue Liu ◽  
Yanbo Hu ◽  
Hui Zheng ◽  
Xiaoxia Du ◽  
...  
Keyword(s):  
Theoretical Analysis ◽  
Internet Gaming Disorder ◽  
Neural Mechanism ◽  
Probability Discounting ◽  
Independent Component ◽  
Gaming Disorder ◽  
Negative Consequences ◽  
Graph Theoretical Analysis ◽  
Internet Gaming ◽  
Imaging Results

ObjectivesInternet gaming disorder (IGD) is becoming a matter of concern around the world. However, the neural mechanism underlying IGD remains unclear. The purpose of this paper is to explore the differences between the neuronal network of IGD participants and that of recreational Internet game users (RGU).MethodsImaging and behavioral data were collected from 18 IGD participants and 20 RGU under a probability discounting task. The independent component analysis (ICA) and graph theoretical analysis (GTA) were used to analyze the data.ResultsBehavioral results showed the IGD participants, compared to RGU, prefer risky options to the fixed ones and spent less time in making risky decisions. In imaging results, the ICA analysis revealed that the IGD participants showed stronger functional connectivity (FC) in reward circuits and executive control network, as well as lower FC in anterior salience network (ASN) than RGU; for the GTA results, the IGD participants showed impaired FC in reward circuits and ASN when compared with RGU.ConclusionsThese results suggest that IGD participants were more sensitive to rewards, and they were more impulsive in decision-making as they could not control their impulsivity effectively. This might explain why IGD participants cannot stop their gaming behaviors even when facing severe negative consequences.

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