scholarly journals Intergenerational transmission of parental neuroticism to emotional problems in 8‐year‐old children: Genetic and environmental influences

JCPP Advances ◽  
2021 ◽  
Author(s):  
Helga Ask ◽  
Espen M. Eilertsen ◽  
Line C. Gjerde ◽  
Laurie J. Hannigan ◽  
Kristin Gustavson ◽  
...  
Keyword(s):  
Intergenerational Transmission ◽  
Environmental Influences ◽  
Emotional Problems

Intergenerational transmission of trauma: Holocaust survivors, their children and their children’s children

2019 ◽  
Vol 12 (1) ◽  
pp. 145-155
Author(s):  
C. Fred Alford
Keyword(s):  
Attachment Theory ◽  
Intergenerational Transmission ◽  
Second Generation ◽  
Holocaust Survivors ◽  
Emotional Problems ◽  
Intergenerational Transmission Of Trauma ◽  
Transmission Of Trauma

Drawing on my own research, as well as the research of others, the question considered is how trauma may be transmitted down the generations. Some argue that the second-generation of Holocaust survivors is traumatized. I disagree, concluding that many faced emotional problems separating from while remaining connected to their parents. Attachment theory seems the best way of explaining both the problem and how it is best dealt with. The answer to these questions comes from second-generation survivors themselves, not just the author’s theory.

Intergenerational Transmission of Parental Neuroticism to Emotional Problems in 8-Year Old Children: Genetic and Environmental Mechanisms

2020 ◽  
Author(s):  
Helga Ask ◽  
Espen Moen Eilertsen ◽  
Line Cecilie Gjerde ◽  
Laurie J. Hannigan ◽  
Kristin Gustavson ◽  
...  
Keyword(s):  
Intergenerational Transmission ◽  
Emotional Problems

scholarly journals Proposing a Pedigree Risk Measurement Strategy: Capturing the Intergenerational Transmission of Antisocial Behavior in a Nationally Representative Sample of Adults

2015 ◽  
Vol 18 (6) ◽  
pp. 772-784 ◽  
Author(s):  
Joseph A. Schwartz ◽  
Eric J. Connolly ◽  
Kevin M. Beaver ◽  
Joseph L. Nedelec ◽  
Michael G. Vaughn
Keyword(s):  
Antisocial Behavior ◽  
Intergenerational Transmission ◽  
Representative Sample ◽  
Risk Measure ◽  
Environmental Influences ◽  
Parameter Estimates ◽  
Measurement Strategy ◽  
Research Designs ◽  
Risk Approach ◽  
Nationally Representative

An impressive literature has revealed that variation in virtually every measurable phenotype is the result of a combination of genetic and environmental influences. Based on these findings, studies that fail to use genetically informed modeling strategies risk model misspecification and biased parameter estimates. Twin- and adoption-based research designs have frequently been used to overcome this limitation. Despite the many advantages of such approaches, many available datasets do not contain samples of twins, siblings or adoptees, making it impossible to utilize these modeling strategies. The current study proposes a measurement strategy for estimating the intergenerational transmission of antisocial behavior (ASB) within a nationally representative sample of singletons using an extended pedigree risk approach that relies on information from first- and second-degree relatives. An evaluation of this approach revealed a pattern of findings that directly aligned with studies examining ASB using more traditional twin- and adoption-based research designs. While the proposed pedigree risk approach is not capable of effectively isolating genetic and environmental influences, this overall alignment in results provides tentative evidence suggesting that the proposed pedigree risk measure effectively captures genetic influences. Future replication studies are necessary as this observation remains preliminary. Whenever possible, more traditional quantitative genetic methodologies should be favored, but the presented strategy remains a viable alternative for more limited samples.

scholarly journals Familial transmission of depression and antisocial behavior symptoms: disentangling the contribution of inherited and environmental factors and testing the mediating role of parenting

2010 ◽  
Vol 41 (6) ◽  
pp. 1175-1185 ◽  
Author(s):  
G. T. Harold ◽  
F. Rice ◽  
D. F. Hay ◽  
J. Boivin ◽  
M. van den Bree ◽  
...  
Keyword(s):  
Intergenerational Transmission ◽  
Child Psychopathology ◽  
Environmental Influences ◽  
Child Aggression ◽  
Mediating Role ◽  
Parents And Children ◽  
Direct Association ◽  
Families With Children

BackgroundGenetic and environmental influences on child psychopathology have been studied extensively through twin and adoption designs. We offer a novel methodology to examine genetic and environmental influences on the intergenerational transmission of psychopathology using a sample of parents and children conceived through in vitro fertilization (IVF).MethodThe sample included families with children born through IVF methods, who varied as to whether the child was genetically related or unrelated to the rearing mother and father (mother genetically related, n=434; mother genetically unrelated, n=127; father genetically related, n=403; father genetically unrelated, n=156). Using standardized questionnaires, mothers and fathers respectively reported on their own psychopathology (depression, aggression), their parenting behavior toward their child (warmth, hostility) and their child's psychopathology (depression, aggression). A cross-rater approach was used, where opposite parents reported on child symptoms (i.e. fathers reported on symptoms for the mother–child dyad, and vice versa).ResultsFor mother–child dyads, a direct association between mother depression and child depression was observed among genetically unrelated dyads, whereas a fully mediated path was observed among genetically related dyads through mother-to-child hostility and warmth. For father–child dyads, direct and mediated pathways were observed for genetically related father–child dyads. For aggression, the direct association between parent aggression and child aggression was fully mediated by parent-to-child hostility for both groups, indicating the role of parent-to-child hostility as a risk mechanism for transmission.ConclusionsA differential pattern of genetic and environmental mediation underlying the intergenerational transmission of psychopathology was observed among genetically related and genetically unrelated father–child and mother–child dyads.

Cognitive Load Mediates the Effect of Emotion on Analytical Thinking

2016 ◽  
Vol 63 (6) ◽  
pp. 343-350 ◽  
Author(s):  
Bastien Trémolière ◽  
Marie-Ève Gagnon ◽  
Isabelle Blanchette
Keyword(s):  
Cognitive Load ◽  
Secondary Task ◽  
Deleterious Effect ◽  
Detrimental Effect ◽  
Emotional Problems ◽  
Syllogistic Reasoning ◽  
Cognitive Resources ◽  
Potential Explanation ◽  
Cognitive Mechanism ◽  
Analytical Thinking

Abstract. Although the detrimental effect of emotion on reasoning has been evidenced many times, the cognitive mechanism underlying this effect remains unclear. In the present paper, we explore the cognitive load hypothesis as a potential explanation. In an experiment, participants solved syllogistic reasoning problems with either neutral or emotional contents. Participants were also presented with a secondary task, for which the difficult version requires the mobilization of cognitive resources to be correctly solved. Participants performed overall worse and took longer on emotional problems than on neutral problems. Performance on the secondary task, in the difficult version, was poorer when participants were reasoning about emotional, compared to neutral contents, consistent with the idea that processing emotion requires more cognitive resources. Taken together, the findings afford evidence that the deleterious effect of emotion on reasoning is mediated by cognitive load.

Behavioral Testing of Mice Concerning Anxiety and Depression

2015 ◽  
Vol 223 (3) ◽  
pp. 151-156 ◽  
Author(s):  
Nina Schweinfurth ◽  
Undine E. Lang
Keyword(s):  
Environmental Influences ◽  
Sickness Behavior ◽  
Laboratory Research ◽  
Anxiety And Depression ◽  
Housing Conditions ◽  
Human Beings ◽  
Behavioral Testing ◽  
New Developments ◽  
Animal Trials ◽  
Resilience Factors

Abstract. In the development of new psychiatric drugs and the exploration of their efficacy, behavioral testing in mice has always shown to be an inevitable procedure. By studying the behavior of mice, diverse pathophysiological processes leading to depression, anxiety, and sickness behavior have been revealed. Moreover, laboratory research in animals increased at least the knowledge about the involvement of a multitude of genes in anxiety and depression. However, multiple new possibilities to study human behavior have been developed recently and improved and enable a direct acquisition of human epigenetic, imaging, and neurotransmission data on psychiatric pathologies. In human beings, the high influence of environmental and resilience factors gained scientific importance during the last years as the search for key genes in the development of affective and anxiety disorders has not been successful. However, environmental influences in human beings themselves might be better understood and controllable than in mice, where environmental influences might be as complex and subtle. The increasing possibilities in clinical research and the knowledge about the complexity of environmental influences and interferences in animal trials, which had been underestimated yet, question more and more to what extent findings from laboratory animal research translate to human conditions. However, new developments in behavioral testing of mice involve the animals’ welfare and show that housing conditions of laboratory mice can be markedly improved without affecting the standardization of results.

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