Hydrogenation of methyl levulinate to γ-valerolactone over Cu─Mg oxide using MeOH as in situ hydrogen source

2018 ◽  
Vol 94 (1) ◽  
pp. 167-177 ◽  
Author(s):  
Xuejuan Cao ◽  
Junnan Wei ◽  
Huai Liu ◽  
Xinyue Lv ◽  
Xing Tang ◽  
...  
Keyword(s):  
Methyl Levulinate

In Situ Catalytic Hydrogenation of Biomass-Derived Methyl Levulinate to γ-Valerolactone in Methanol

ChemSusChem ◽  
2015 ◽  
Vol 8 (9) ◽  
pp. 1601-1607 ◽  
Author(s):  
Xing Tang ◽  
Zheng Li ◽  
Xianhai Zeng ◽  
Yetao Jiang ◽  
Shijie Liu ◽  
...  
Keyword(s):  
Catalytic Hydrogenation ◽  
Methyl Levulinate

Atom-economical synthesis of γ-valerolactone with self-supplied hydrogen from methanol

2015 ◽  
Vol 51 (91) ◽  
pp. 16320-16323 ◽  
Author(s):  
Zheng Li ◽  
Xing Tang ◽  
Yetao Jiang ◽  
Yanjun Wang ◽  
Miao Zuo ◽  
...  
Keyword(s):  
Initial Amount ◽  
Methyl Levulinate

An atom-economical Cu–Cr catalyzed synthesis of gamma-valerolactone (GVL) from biomass derived methyl levulinate (ML) is reported. Methanol is occupied as H2 source with an initial amount of only 29 mol% of substrate and, can be in situ supplied along with the generation of GVL.

One‐Pot Transfer Hydrogenation of methyl levulinate into valerolactone and 1,4‐pentanediol over in situ Reduced Cu/ZrOCO3 in 2‐PrOH

2020 ◽  
Vol 5 (2) ◽  
pp. 924-930 ◽  
Author(s):  
Mingwei Ma ◽  
Xinyu Yan ◽  
Pan Hou ◽  
Jingjie Cao ◽  
Hui Liu ◽  
...  
Keyword(s):  
Transfer Hydrogenation ◽  
One Pot ◽  
Methyl Levulinate

Rendez vous with Saturn's rings

1984 ◽  
Vol 75 ◽  
pp. 743-759 ◽  
Author(s):  
Kerry T. Nock
Keyword(s):  
Solar Energy ◽  
Electric Propulsion ◽  
Power Source ◽  
Propulsion System ◽  
Low Thrust ◽  
Ring Plane ◽  
The Earth ◽  
Total Impulse ◽  
Saturn's Rings

ABSTRACTA mission to rendezvous with the rings of Saturn is studied with regard to science rationale and instrumentation and engineering feasibility and design. Future detailedin situexploration of the rings of Saturn will require spacecraft systems with enormous propulsive capability. NASA is currently studying the critical technologies for just such a system, called Nuclear Electric Propulsion (NEP). Electric propulsion is the only technology which can effectively provide the required total impulse for this demanding mission. Furthermore, the power source must be nuclear because the solar energy reaching Saturn is only 1% of that at the Earth. An important aspect of this mission is the ability of the low thrust propulsion system to continuously boost the spacecraft above the ring plane as it spirals in toward Saturn, thus enabling scientific measurements of ring particles from only a few kilometers.

The Use of Advanced Analytical Techniques for Characterization of the Chemical, Physical, and Crystallographic Nature of a Surface

1973 ◽  
Vol 31 ◽  
pp. 132-133 ◽  
Author(s):  
R. E. Herfert
Keyword(s):  
Surface Characterization ◽  
Analytical Techniques ◽  
X Ray Diffraction ◽  
Depth Of Penetration ◽  
X Ray ◽  
The Past ◽  
Transmission Electron ◽  
Scanning Electron

Studies of the nature of a surface, either metallic or nonmetallic, in the past, have been limited to the instrumentation available for these measurements. In the past, optical microscopy, replica transmission electron microscopy, electron or X-ray diffraction and optical or X-ray spectroscopy have provided the means of surface characterization. Actually, some of these techniques are not purely surface; the depth of penetration may be a few thousands of an inch. Within the last five years, instrumentation has been made available which now makes it practical for use to study the outer few 100A of layers and characterize it completely from a chemical, physical, and crystallographic standpoint. The scanning electron microscope (SEM) provides a means of viewing the surface of a material in situ to magnifications as high as 250,000X.

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