Prediction of aqueous phase pH for enzymatic synthesis of peptides in aqueous-organic biphasic systems

2001 ◽  
Vol 76 (8) ◽  
pp. 851-856 ◽  
Author(s):  
Ke-Ke Fan ◽  
Pingkai Ouyang ◽  
Xijun Wu ◽  
Zuhong Lu
Keyword(s):  
Aqueous Phase ◽  
Enzymatic Synthesis ◽  
Biphasic Systems

Monitoring technical lignin partition in aqueous/alcohol biphasic systems according to pH: influences of the molecular structure and solvent characteristics

2020 ◽  
Vol 22 (20) ◽  
pp. 7031-7046
Author(s):  
Quentin Schmetz ◽  
Claire Muzyka ◽  
Thomas Berchem ◽  
Aurore Richel
Keyword(s):  
Molecular Structure ◽  
Aqueous Phase ◽  
Aqueous Alcohol ◽  
Technical Lignin ◽  
Biphasic Systems

This study deals with the comprehension of lignin partition in biphasic systems constituted of an alkaline aqueous phase containing dissolved lignin and a non-miscible alcohol phase.

Biphasic Reaction Engineering

2001 ◽  
Author(s):  
L. K. Doraiswamy
Keyword(s):  
Organic Solvent ◽  
Aqueous Phase ◽  
Homogeneous Catalysis ◽  
Enzymatic Catalysis ◽  
Immobilized Enzymes ◽  
Organic Reactions ◽  
Biphasic Reaction ◽  
Catalyzed Reactions ◽  
Biphasic Systems ◽  
Enzyme Catalyzed Reactions

The chemical equilibria of many industrially important organic reactions in aqueous solutions are often displaced in the direction of the reactants, leading to very low conversions. Therefore, there is a need for an environmentally friendly strategy that will shift the equilibria toward the products, resulting in enhanced conversions. A particularly effective technique is to add a second phase, appropriately termed biphasing. In general, biphasing is the intentional addition of an immiscible phase to a reaction mixture to increase the yield of the desired product or to facilitate separation of product from (say) catalyst. Much of the effort till recently has been on adding a water-immiscible organic solvent in enzyme-catalyzed organic reactions in the aqueous phase. Although strictly the term biphasing should apply only to soluble catalysts, thus preserving the purity of its definition, in practice it also includes insoluble catalysts such as immobilized enzymes (which would constitute a third phase). Biphasing received an exciting stimulus around 1984 when it was used to overcome the inherent and perhaps the most telling deficiency of homogeneous catalysis. By biphasing with an aqueous phase (unlike in enzymatic catalysis where the biphasing liquid is an organic solvent), the catalyst was fully retained in that phase, whereas the product (and unused reactant) remained in the organic phase. The consequent easy separation of catalyst from product added a new dimension to homogeneous catalysis that gives it a decided edge over its heterogeneous counterpart for many reactions. Yet another dimension to biphasing was added in the last decade when it was found that both phases could be aqueous. This variant of traditional biphasing has many obvious advantages. Although still in its infancy, its enormous potential is not difficult to visualize. The chief advantages and disadvantages of biphasing are listed in Table 18.1. We begin our treatment of biphasing by developing the theoretical foundation for predicting an apparent or effective equilibrium constant for a biphasic reaction. This will be done specifically for enzyme-catalyzed reactions, but it can be extended to straight organic synthesis. Several important aspects of these biphasic systems, such as solvent selection and the role of mass transfer, will be discussed.

Enzymatic synthesis of supported CdS quantum dot/reduced graphene oxide photocatalysts

2019 ◽  
Vol 21 (15) ◽  
pp. 4046-4054 ◽  
Author(s):  
Leah C. Spangler ◽  
Joseph P. Cline ◽  
John D. Sakizadeh ◽  
Christopher J. Kiely ◽  
Steven McIntosh
Keyword(s):  
Graphene Oxide ◽  
Hydrogen Production ◽  
Quantum Dot ◽  
Reduced Graphene Oxide ◽  
Aqueous Phase ◽  
Enzymatic Synthesis ◽  
Phase Synthesis ◽  
Reduced Graphene ◽  
Cds Quantum Dot

Biomineralization provides a route towards scalable, aqueous phase synthesis of heterostructured photocatalysts for solar driven hydrogen production.

Enzymatic synthesis of a novel glycolipid biosurfactant, mannosylerythritol lipid-D and its aqueous phase behavior

2011 ◽  
Vol 346 (2) ◽  
pp. 266-271 ◽  
Author(s):  
Tokuma Fukuoka ◽  
Takashi Yanagihara ◽  
Tomohiro Imura ◽  
Tomotake Morita ◽  
Hideki Sakai ◽  
...  
Keyword(s):  
Phase Behavior ◽  
Aqueous Phase ◽  
Enzymatic Synthesis ◽  
Mannosylerythritol Lipid ◽  
Glycolipid Biosurfactant
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