High efficiency bioethanol production from OPEFB using pilot pretreatment reactor

2011 ◽  
Vol 86 (12) ◽  
pp. 1527-1534 ◽  
Author(s):  
Minhee Han ◽  
Yule Kim ◽  
Seung Wook Kim ◽  
Gi-Wook Choi
Keyword(s):  
High Efficiency ◽  
Bioethanol Production ◽  
Pretreatment Reactor

High efficiency bioethanol production from barley straw using a continuous pretreatment reactor

2013 ◽  
Vol 48 (3) ◽  
pp. 488-495 ◽  
Author(s):  
Minhee Han ◽  
Kyeong Eop Kang ◽  
Yule Kim ◽  
Gi-Wook Choi
Keyword(s):  
High Efficiency ◽  
Barley Straw ◽  
Bioethanol Production ◽  
Pretreatment Reactor

scholarly journals Ultimate pretreatment of lignocellulose in bioethanol production by combining both acidic and alkaline pretreatment

2019 ◽  
Vol 268 ◽  
pp. 03002 ◽  
Author(s):  
Dinh Quan Nguyen ◽  
Le Nhat Minh Nguyen ◽  
Thi Tuong An Tran ◽  
Hoai Nhan Cao ◽  
Thi Kim Phung Le ◽  
...  
Keyword(s):  
Waste Water ◽  
High Efficiency ◽  
Acidic Solution ◽  
Alkaline Pretreatment ◽  
Lignocellulosic Materials ◽  
Bioethanol Production ◽  
Saw Dust ◽  
Lignin Removal ◽  
High Basicity ◽  
Very High

Alkaline pretreatment has been known as the most popular method to process lignocellulosic materials for bioethanol production due to its simplicity and high efficiency. However, the waste water of the process has a very high basicity, which requires neutralization with acids upon further disposal. In this study, rubber wood saw dust (Hevea brasiliensis) was employed as lignocellulosic material and its pretreatment was inspected with both diluted H2SO4 and NaOH in different combination ways. Hereby, acid was used not only for waste water neutralization but also to contribute to lignin removal. Analysis results showed that an aqueous solution of 2.0 - 2.5 wt.% H2SO4 can be used to treat the biomass followed by alkaline pretreatment. By this so-called combo-pretreatment technique, cellulose was well preserved without significant hydrolysis while the final pretreatment efficiency was up to 63.0%, compared to 48.2% of using only the alkaline solution and 13.7% of using only the acidic solution. Finally, alkaline waste water can be mixed to be neutralized with acidic waste water from the two previous steps. This innovated technique improved the pretreatment efficiency almost without increasing in chemical cost.

scholarly journals Fermentation of Sweet Sorghum Syrup Under Reduced Pressure for Bioethanol Production

2020 ◽  
Vol 14 (1) ◽  
pp. 235-245
Author(s):  
Oleksii I. Volodko ◽  
Tetiana S. Ivanova ◽  
Ganna I. Kulichkova ◽  
Kostyantyn M. Lukashevych ◽  
Yaroslav B. Blume ◽  
...  
Keyword(s):  
Atmospheric Pressure ◽  
Sweet Sorghum ◽  
Production Efficiency ◽  
High Efficiency ◽  
Green Energy ◽  
Yeast Cells ◽  
Vacuum Extraction ◽  
Bioethanol Production ◽  
Nitrogen And Phosphorus ◽  
Reduced Pressure

Background: Production of bioethanol from sweet sorghum (Sorghum saccharatum) is a promising “green” energy source that can help to reduce energy dependence on petroleum products, to decrease greenhouse gas emissions, and fight environmental pollution. As an additional benefit, it can promote the exploitation of new uncultivated agricultural lands and favor establishing integrated agro-industrial energy independent enterprises. The alcoholic fermentation under reduced pressure may prevent the accumulation of high ethanol concentrations in the cultured broth and thus may create favorable conditions for the highest productivity of yeast Saccharomyces cerevisiae. Objective: Elaboration of optimal conditions for sweet sorghum syrup fermentation under reduced pressure. Aim: To determine the parameters of sweet sorghum syrup fermentation by S. cerevisiae under the conditions of constant and periodic reduced pressure for the highest bioethanol production efficiency. Methods: The sweet sorghum was grown in a temperate continental climate region of Northern Ukraine. The parameters of diluted stem syrup and S. cerevisiae fermentation under reduced and atmospheric pressure were established and controlled by chemical, biochemical and physicochemical methods. The yeast cells were dyed with methylene blue and counted using a microscope and a Neubauer counting chamber. The obtained data have been statistically analyzed. Results: It has been established that a periodic vacuum extraction with short-term heating of the medium to the boiling point is the most promising procedure for bioethanol production. Periodically reduced pressure fermentation of sweet sorghum diluted syrup resulted in 55% higher bioethanol productivity compared to atmospheric pressure fermentation. Such treatment enables to maintain the concentration of ethanol in the medium below 5.5% vol., which does not significantly inhibit the productivity of industrial yeast strains and allows adding a nutrient with the subsequent continuation of the cultivation process. The resulting distillate requires less energy for further dehydration. Conclusion: The sweet sorghum syrup does not contain substances that inhibit yeast cells although nitrogen and phosphorus supplements are required to support efficient S. cerevisiae growth. The optimal technology, elaborated in this research, consists of repeated cycles of fermentation under reduced pressure (to the level of vacuum) for boiling the cultured broth. This technology provides the highest bioethanol output, high efficiency, and productivity of the overall process.

Microcalorimeters for X-Ray Spectroscopy

1988 ◽  
Vol 102 ◽  
pp. 41
Author(s):  
E. Silver ◽  
C. Hailey ◽  
S. Labov ◽  
N. Madden ◽  
D. Landis ◽  
...  
Keyword(s):  
High Resolution ◽  
High Efficiency ◽  
Thermal Response ◽  
Low Noise ◽  
High Resolution Spectroscopy ◽  
Superconducting Transition ◽  
Sapphire Substrates ◽  
Laboratory Plasmas ◽  
Adiabatic Demagnetization ◽  
Theoretical Predictions

The merits of microcalorimetry below 1°K for high resolution spectroscopy has become widely recognized on theoretical grounds. By combining the high efficiency, broadband spectral sensitivity of traditional photoelectric detectors with the high resolution capabilities characteristic of dispersive spectrometers, the microcalorimeter could potentially revolutionize spectroscopic measurements of astrophysical and laboratory plasmas. In actuality, however, the performance of prototype instruments has fallen short of theoretical predictions and practical detectors are still unavailable for use as laboratory and space-based instruments. These issues are currently being addressed by the new collaborative initiative between LLNL, LBL, U.C.I., U.C.B., and U.C.D.. Microcalorimeters of various types are being developed and tested at temperatures of 1.4, 0.3, and 0.1°K. These include monolithic devices made from NTD Germanium and composite configurations using sapphire substrates with temperature sensors fabricated from NTD Germanium, evaporative films of Germanium-Gold alloy, or material with superconducting transition edges. A new approache to low noise pulse counting electronics has been developed that allows the ultimate speed of the device to be determined solely by the detector thermal response and geometry. Our laboratory studies of the thermal and resistive properties of these and other candidate materials should enable us to characterize the pulse shape and subsequently predict the ultimate performance. We are building a compact adiabatic demagnetization refrigerator for conveniently reaching 0.1°K in the laboratory and for use in future satellite-borne missions. A description of this instrument together with results from our most recent experiments will be presented.

Imaging and diffraction modes in Scanning Transmission Electron Microscopy

1986 ◽  
Vol 44 ◽  
pp. 684-687
Author(s):  
J. M. Cowley ◽  
R. Glaisher ◽  
J. A. Lin ◽  
H.-J. Ou
Keyword(s):  
Scanning Transmission Electron Microscopy ◽  
High Efficiency ◽  
Fiber Optic ◽  
Image Intensifier ◽  
Detector System ◽  
Detector Plane ◽  
Secondary Electrons ◽  
Transmission Electron ◽  
Scanning Transmission ◽  
Special Detector

Some of the most important applications of STEM depend on the variety of imaging and diffraction made possible by the versatility of the detector system and the serial nature, of the image acquisition. A special detector system, previously described, has been added to our STEM instrument to allow us to take full advantage of this versatility. In this, the diffraction pattern in the detector plane may be formed on either of two phosphor screens, one with P47 (very fast) phosphor and the other with P20 (high efficiency) phosphor. The light from the phosphor is conveyed through a fiber-optic rod to an image intensifier and TV system and may be photographed, recorded on videotape, or stored digitally on a frame store. The P47 screen has a hole through it to allow electrons to enter a Gatan EELS spectrometer. Recently a modified SEM detector has been added so that high resolution (10Å) imaging with secondary electrons may be used in conjunction with other modes.

Influence of MBE Growth Conditions on Dislocation Densities of GaAs/Ge Epilayers Grown on Silicon Substrates

1985 ◽  
Vol 43 ◽  
pp. 364-365
Author(s):  
K.M. Hones ◽  
P. Sheldon ◽  
B.G. Yacobi ◽  
A. Mason
Keyword(s):  
High Efficiency ◽  
Lattice Mismatch ◽  
Low Cost ◽  
Growth Conditions ◽  
Nonradiative Recombination ◽  
Device Structure ◽  
Si Substrates ◽  
Transmission Electron ◽  
Dislocation Densities ◽  
Dislocation Type

There is increasing interest in growing epitaxial GaAs on Si substrates. Such a device structure would allow low-cost substrates to be used for high-efficiency cascade- junction solar cells. However, high-defect densities may result from the large lattice mismatch (∼4%) between the GaAs epilayer and the silicon substrate. These defects can act as nonradiative recombination centers that can degrade the optical and electrical properties of the epitaxially grown GaAs. For this reason, it is important to optimize epilayer growth conditions in order to minimize resulting dislocation densities. The purpose of this paper is to provide an indication of the quality of the epitaxially grown GaAs layers by using transmission electron microscopy (TEM) to examine dislocation type and density as a function of various growth conditions. In this study an intermediate Ge layer was used to avoid nucleation difficulties observed for GaAs growth directly on Si substrates. GaAs/Ge epilayers were grown by molecular beam epitaxy (MBE) on Si substrates in a manner similar to that described previously.

The use of high-resolution FESEM to study solid-state phase transformations and reactions

1994 ◽  
Vol 52 ◽  
pp. 1028-1029
Author(s):  
P. G. Kotula ◽  
D. D. Erickson ◽  
C. B. Carter
Keyword(s):  
Solid State ◽  
High Resolution ◽  
Phase Transformations ◽  
High Efficiency ◽  
Sol Gel ◽  
Quantitative Information ◽  
Solid State Reactions ◽  
Critical Dimensions ◽  
Backscattered Electrons ◽  
Backscattered Electron

High-resolution field-emission-gun scanning electron microscopy (FESEM) has recently emerged as an extremely powerful method for characterizing the micro- or nanostructure of materials. The development of high efficiency backscattered-electron detectors has increased the resolution attainable with backscattered-electrons to almost that attainable with secondary-electrons. This increased resolution allows backscattered-electron imaging to be utilized to study materials once possible only by TEM. In addition to providing quantitative information, such as critical dimensions, SEM is more statistically representative. That is, the amount of material that can be sampled with SEM for a given measurement is many orders of magnitude greater than that with TEM.In the present work, a Hitachi S-900 FESEM (operating at 5kV) equipped with a high-resolution backscattered electron detector, has been used to study the α-Fe2O3 enhanced or seeded solid-state phase transformations of sol-gel alumina and solid-state reactions in the NiO/α-Al2O3 system. In both cases, a thin-film cross-section approach has been developed to facilitate the investigation. Specifically, the FESEM allows transformed- or reaction-layer thicknesses along interfaces that are millimeters in length to be measured with a resolution of better than 10nm.

Interlayer confinement synthesis of Ir nanodots/dual carbon as an electrocatalyst for overall water splitting

2020 ◽  
Author(s):  
Yaru Li ◽  
Yu-Quan Zhu ◽  
Weili Xin ◽  
Song Hong ◽  
Xiaoying Zhao ◽  
...  
Keyword(s):  
Water Splitting ◽  
Noble Metal ◽  
High Efficiency ◽  
Overall Water Splitting ◽  
Highly Dispersed

Rationally designing low-content and high-efficiency noble metal nanodots offers opportunities to enhance electrocatalytic performances for water splitting. However, the preparation of highly dispersed nanodots electrocatalysts remains a challenge. Herein, we...

Prime Mover of High Efficiency—I

1919 ◽  
Vol 88 (2282supp) ◽  
pp. 204-205
Author(s):  
Frank E. D. Acland
Keyword(s):  
High Efficiency ◽  
Prime Mover

A High Efficiency Induction Coil

1915 ◽  
Vol 80 (2086supp) ◽  
pp. 412-414
Author(s):  
Louis B. Laruncet
Keyword(s):  
High Efficiency ◽  
Induction Coil
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