Cancer cachexia: the elephant in the room?

The furo [2,3-b] indoline ring system is one of the most important structural units in various natural products. It has been known to have inherent biological activities and is utilized as a synthetic target for a number of natural compounds; therefore, this has contributed to a great demand for the growth of synthetic methods for this ring system. Most important compounds with furoindoline ring system are physovenine, madindoline A and B and makomotindoline etc. These compounds are well known to exhibit biological activity against different diseases such as glaucoma, cancer, cachexia, Castleman’s disease, rheumatoid arthritis, etc. The current article focuses on various synthetic approaches for furoindoline containing compounds and essential furoindoline moiety, such as oxindole-5-O-tetrahydropyranyl ether route etc., and various other diastereoand enantio- controlled approach in a very concise way.

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Racial and ethnic disparities in a state‐wide registry of patients with pancreatic cancer and an exploratory investigation of cancer cachexia as a contributor to observed inequities

Cancer Medicine ◽

10.1002/cam4.2180 ◽

2019 ◽

Vol 8 (6) ◽

pp. 3314-3324 ◽

Cited By ~ 4

Author(s):

Jennifer B. Permuth ◽

Ashley Clark Daly ◽

Daniel Jeong ◽

Jung W. Choi ◽

Miles E. Cameron ◽

...

Keyword(s):

Pancreatic Cancer ◽

Cancer Cachexia ◽

Ethnic Disparities ◽

Racial And Ethnic Disparities ◽

Exploratory Investigation

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Inhibition of HSP90 reverses STAT3‐mediated muscle wasting in cancer cachexia mice

British Journal of Pharmacology ◽

10.1111/bph.15625 ◽

2021 ◽

Author(s):

Mengyuan Niu ◽

Shiyu Song ◽

Zhonglan Su ◽

Lulu Wei ◽

Li Li ◽

...

Keyword(s):

Cancer Cachexia ◽

Muscle Wasting

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Malnutrition and cancer, diagnosis and treatment

memo - Magazine of European Medical Oncology ◽

10.1007/s12254-020-00672-3 ◽

2021 ◽

Author(s):

Angelika Beirer

Keyword(s):

Weight Loss ◽

Cancer Patients ◽

Cancer Cachexia ◽

Screening Tool ◽

Psychological Treatment ◽

Early Stage ◽

Nutritional Therapy ◽

German Society ◽

Fat Free Mass ◽

Nutritional Risk

Summary Background The prevalence of malnutrition in cancer patients ranges from about 20% to more than 70%. However, 10–20% of cancer patients’ deaths are related to malnutrition, not the malignancy itself. To reverse the pattern of weight loss, improve the patients’ quality of life, reduce the treatment toxicity, the psychological stress and the risk of mortality, the diagnosis of malnutrition should be made as early as possible to facilitate the best possible treatment. Methods A systematic literature search was conducted following guidelines of ESPEN (European Society for Clinical Nutrition), DGEM (German Society for Nutritional Medicine) and ASPEN (American Society for Parenteral and Enteral Nutrition). Results and conclusion To assess the risk of malnutrition, all cancer patients should be screened regularly with a valid screening tool (e.g., MUST [Malnutrition Universal Screening Tool], NRS [Nutritional Risk Screening] or PG-SGA [Scored Patient-Generated Subjective Global Assessment]). If risk of malnutrition is present, adequate nutritional therapy is recommended to stop involuntary weight loss. Patients should engage in exercise to maintain and improve muscle mass, strength and function. They should be offered regular dietetic counselling, and their muscle depletion should be monitored by determining fat-free mass. As cachectic patients in particular are at risk, the presence of cachexia should also be recognized at an early stage. Three consensus-based definitions are widely accepted: Fearon et al. and the EPCRC (European Palliative Care Research Collaborative) propose definitions specifically for cancer cachexia, while Evans et al. put forward a definition for cachexia associated with all types of underlying chronic diseases. However, if there is a cancer cachexia diagnosis, additional pharmacological and psychological treatment should be considered.

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