scholarly journals Muscle and bone mass in middle‐aged women: role of menopausal status and physical activity

2020 ◽  
Vol 11 (3) ◽  
pp. 698-709 ◽  
Author(s):  
Sarianna Sipilä ◽  
Timo Törmäkangas ◽  
Elina Sillanpää ◽  
Pauliina Aukee ◽  
Urho M. Kujala ◽  
...  
Keyword(s):  
Physical Activity ◽  
Bone Mass ◽  
Menopausal Status ◽  
Middle Aged

scholarly journals The role of physical activity in the link between menopausal status and mental well-being

Menopause ◽  
2020 ◽  
Vol 27 (4) ◽  
pp. 398-409 ◽  
Author(s):  
Dmitriy Bondarev ◽  
Sarianna Sipilä ◽  
Taija Finni ◽  
Urho M. Kujala ◽  
Pauliina Aukee ◽  
...  
Keyword(s):  
Physical Activity ◽  
Menopausal Status ◽  
Well Being ◽  
Mental Well Being

scholarly journals GENDER SPECIFIC ROLE OF HABITUAL PHYSICAL ACTIVITY ON VENTRICULAR REPOLARIZATION AMONG MIDDLE AGED AND ELDERLY INDIVIDUALS. THE IKARIA STUDY

2011 ◽  
Vol 57 (14) ◽  
pp. E516
Author(s):  
Evangelos Oikonomou ◽  
Christina Chrysohoou ◽  
Dimitris Tsiachris ◽  
Gerasimos Siasos ◽  
Georgia Vogiatzi ◽  
...  
Keyword(s):  
Physical Activity ◽  
Ventricular Repolarization ◽  
Habitual Physical Activity ◽  
Specific Role ◽  
Middle Aged ◽  
Elderly Individuals ◽  
Gender Specific

scholarly journals Endocrine Disorders in Adolescent and Young Female Athletes: Impact on Growth, Menstrual Cycles, and Bone Mass Acquisition

2014 ◽  
Vol 99 (11) ◽  
pp. 4037-4050 ◽  
Author(s):  
Laurent Maïmoun ◽  
Neoklis A. Georgopoulos ◽  
Charles Sultan
Keyword(s):  
Physical Activity ◽  
Adipose Tissue ◽  
Bone Mass ◽  
Peak Bone Mass ◽  
Female Athletes ◽  
Reproductive Function ◽  
Young Female ◽  
Menstrual Cycles ◽  
Intense Training

Context: Puberty is a crucial period of dramatic hormonal changes, accelerated growth, attainment of reproductive capacity, and acquisition of peak bone mass. Participation in recreational physical activity is widely acknowledged to provide significant health benefits in this period. Conversely, intense training imposes several constraints, such as training stress and maintenance of very low body fat to maximize performance. Adolescent female athletes are therefore at risk of overtraining and/or poor dietary intake, which may have several consequences for endocrine function. The “adaptive” changes in the hypothalamic-pituitary-gonadal, -adrenal, and somatotropic axes and the secretory role of the adipose tissue are reviewed, as are their effects on growth, menstrual cycles, and bone mass acquisition. Design: A systematic search on Medline between 1990 and 2013 was conducted using the following terms: “intense training,” “physical activity,” or “exercise” combined with “hormone,” “endocrine,” and “girls,” “women,” or “elite female athletes.” All articles reporting on the endocrine changes related to intense training and their potential implications for growth, menstrual cycles, and bone mass acquisition were considered. Results and Conclusion: Young female athletes present a high prevalence of menstrual disorders, including delayed menarche, oligomenorrhea, and amenorrhea, characterized by a high degree of variability according to the type of sport. Exercise-related reproductive dysfunction may have consequences for growth velocity and peak bone mass acquisition. Recent findings highlight the endocrine role of adipose tissue and energy balance in the regulation of homeostasis and reproductive function. A better understanding of the mechanisms whereby intense training affects the endocrine system may orient research to develop innovative strategies (ie, based on nutritional or pharmacological approaches and individualized modalities of training and competition) to improve the medical care of these adolescents and protect their reproductive function.

Time to First Cigarette, Physical Activity, and Pulmonary Function in Middle-aged to Older Adult Smokers

2017 ◽  
Vol 14 (8) ◽  
pp. 612-616 ◽  
Author(s):  
Russell T. Nye ◽  
Melissa Mercincavage ◽  
Steven A. Branstetter
Keyword(s):  
Physical Activity ◽  
Lung Function ◽  
Protective Role ◽  
Nicotine Addiction ◽  
Middle Aged ◽  
Cross Sectional ◽  
Addiction Severity ◽  
Health And Nutrition ◽  
And Gender

Background:How addiction severity relates to physical activity (PA), and if PA moderates the relation between PA and lung function among smokers, is unknown. This study explored the independent and interactive associations of nicotine addiction severity and PA with lung function.Methods:The study used cross-sectional data from 343 adult smokers aged 40 to 79 participating in the 2009–10 and 2011–12 National Health and Nutrition Examination Survey. Assessed were the independent relations of nicotine addiction severity, as measured by the time to first cigarette (TTFC), and average daily minutes of moderate and vigorous PA with lung function ratio (FEV1/FVC). Additional analysis examined whether PA moderated the relationship between addiction severity and lung function.Results:Greater lung function was independently associated with moderate PA and later TTFC, but not vigorous PA, when controlling for cigarettes per day (CPD), past month smoking, ethnicity, years smoked, and gender (P-values < .05). PA did not moderate the association between addiction severity (TTFC) and lung function (P = .441).Conclusion:Among middle-aged to older smokers, increased PA and lower addiction severity were associated with greater lung function, independent of CPD. This may inform research into the protective role of PA and identification of risk factors for interventions.

scholarly journals Physical Performance During the Menopausal Transition and the Role of Physical Activity

2020 ◽  
Author(s):  
Dmitriy Bondarev ◽  
Taija Finni ◽  
Katja Kokko ◽  
Urho M Kujala ◽  
Pauliina Aukee ◽  
...  
Keyword(s):  
Physical Activity ◽  
Physical Performance ◽  
Handgrip Strength ◽  
Menopausal Status ◽  
Total Sample ◽  
Knee Extension ◽  
Menopausal Transition ◽  
Walking Distance ◽  
Vertical Jumping

Abstract Background To examine longitudinal changes in physical performance during the menopausal transition and the role of physical activity (PA) in these changes. Methods Based on follicle-stimulating hormone levels and bleeding diaries, women (47–55 years) were classified as early (n = 89) and late perimenopausal (n = 143) and followed prospectively until postmenopausal status, with mean duration of 17.5 and 13.8 months, respectively. Physical performance was measured by handgrip force, knee extension torque, vertical jumping height, maximal walking speed, and 6-minute walking distance. Physical activity was self-reported and categorized as inactive, low, medium, and high. Longitudinal associations of menopausal status, physical performance, and related changes with PA level were analyzed using generalized estimation equations adjusted for duration of hormonal therapy. Results A significant decline over the menopausal transition in handgrip force (−2.1%, 95% CI −3.8 to −0.4), knee extension torque (−2.6%, 95% CI −4.5 to −0.8), and vertical jumping height (−2.6%, 95% CI −4.2 to −1.1) and a significant increase in 6-minute walking distance (2.1%, 95% CI 1.4 to 2.7) were observed in the total sample. A significant interaction of PA by time was observed in handgrip force and in vertical jumping height. High PA women had greater increase in handgrip strength but greater decline in vertical jumping height than medium, low, and inactive women (all p ≤ .001). Conclusions Both early and late perimenopausal women show decline in muscle strength and power during the transition to postmenopause. Physical activity seems to influence physical performance during the menopausal transition but understanding the benefits of PA requires interventional studies.

The Role of Integrins in Osteocyte Response to Mechanical Stimulus

2012 ◽  
Author(s):  
Matthew G. Haugh ◽  
Laoise M. McNamara
Keyword(s):  
Physical Activity ◽  
Bone Mass ◽  
Mechanical Strength ◽  
Mechanical Loading ◽  
Integrin Αvβ3 ◽  
Mechanical Stimulus ◽  
Mechanical Environment ◽  
Physiological Processes ◽  
Cell Processes

Bone is an exceptional material that is efficiently lightweight, possesses excellent mechanical strength and can also adapt itself in response to changes in physical activity by means of coordinated physiological processes known as modelling and remodelling. The response of bone to mechanical loading is thought to be regulated by mechanosensitive osteocyte cells that can direct the alteration of bone mass, by osteoblasts and osteoclasts, and thereby play an important role in optimizing bone strength. The mechanisms by which osteocytes sense their mechanical environment are not well understood. It has been proposed that integrin-based (αVβ3) attachments to ECM on osteocyte cell processes may facilitate mechanosensation in osteocytes [1,2]. While previous studies have shown that integrin beta;1 plays an important role in response to mechanical stimulus, the role of integrin αVβ3 in osteocyte mechanotransduction has yet to be investigated [3,4].

scholarly journals Effects of Zumba® and Aquagym on Bone Mass in Inactive Middle-Aged Women

Medicina ◽  
2019 ◽  
Vol 55 (1) ◽  
pp. 23
Author(s):  
Esther Ubago-Guisado ◽  
Javier Sánchez−Sánchez ◽  
Sara Vila−Maldonado ◽  
Leonor Gallardo
Keyword(s):  
Physical Activity ◽  
Femoral Neck ◽  
Bone Mass ◽  
Bone Mineral ◽  
Intervention Program ◽  
High Impact ◽  
Areal Bone Mineral Density ◽  
Control Group ◽  
Middle Aged ◽  
Mineral Density

Background and objectives: Regular exercise may stimulate bone formation and reduce the loss of bone mass in premenopausal women. This study aims to evaluate the effect of high-impact physical activity (Zumba®) and low-impact physical activity (Aquagym) on bone mass in inactive middle-aged women. Materials and methods: Fifty-five healthy inactive women (30–50 years old) were recruited in Spain in 2016 and were randomly allocated into one of three groups: High impact group (HIG: n = 15), low impact group (LIG: n = 12) and control group (CG: n = 28). HIG and LIG were recruited from Madrid and the CG from Toledo. HIG and LIG completed a 12-week intervention program with three 40′ sessions per week of Zumba® or Aquagym; respectively. Dual energy X-ray absorptiometry (DXA) measured bone mineral content (BMC) and areal bone mineral density (aBMD) at total body less head (TBLH), lumbar spine and right hip. Results: Post-intervention adjusted data showed no significant differences in BMC between any of the groups nor in aBMD between HIG and LIG. Interestingly; significant differences for the HIG vs. CG were found in the change in total hip aBMD (1.76% vs. −0.44%), femoral neck aBMD (1.80% vs. −2.71%), and intertrochanter aBMD (2.03% vs. −0.50%). Moreover, significant differences for the LIG vs. CG were also found in the change in femoral neck aBMD (−0.54% vs. −2.71%). Conclusions: The regular practice of Zumba® and Aquagym might reduce the progressive deterioration of bone mass in inactive middle-aged women

scholarly journals Associations between physical activity and bone mass in black and white South African children at age 9 yr

2004 ◽  
Vol 97 (3) ◽  
pp. 1006-1012 ◽  
Author(s):  
J. A. McVeigh ◽  
S. A. Norris ◽  
N. Cameron ◽  
J. M. Pettifor
Keyword(s):  
Physical Activity ◽  
Bone Mass ◽  
South African ◽  
Black Children ◽  
Whole Body ◽  
Protective Mechanism ◽  
White Children ◽  
Black And White ◽  
Reaction Forces

We investigated differences in physical activity (PA) levels between black and white South African 9-yr-old children and their association with bone mineral content (BMC) and density (BMD) by using dual-energy X-ray absorptiometry. PA was analyzed in terms of a metabolic (METPA; weighted metabolic score of intensity, frequency, and duration) and a mechanical (MECHPA; sum of all ground reaction forces multiplied by duration) component. There were significant ethnic differences in patterns of activity. White children expended a significantly greater energy score (METPA of 21.7 ± 2.9) than black children (METPA of 9.5 ± 0.5) ( P < 0.001). When children were divided into quartiles according to the amount and intensity of sport played, the most active white children (using METPA scores) had significantly higher whole body BMD and higher hip and spine BMC and BMD than less active children. White children in the highest MECHPA quartile also showed significantly higher whole body, hip, and spine BMC and BMD than those children in the lowest quartile. No association between exercise and bone mass of black children was found. In this population, PA has an osteogenic association with white children, but not black children, which may be explained by the lower levels of PA in the black children. Despite this, black children had significantly greater bone mass at the hip and spine (girls only) ( P < 0.001) even after adjustment for body size. The role of exercise in increasing bone mass may become increasingly critical as a protective mechanism against osteoporosis in both ethnic groups, especially because the genetic benefit exhibited by black children to higher bone mass may be weakened with time, as environmental influences become stronger.

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