scholarly journals The concept that focuses on oral motor and feeding function in cancer patients with muscle wasting

2016 ◽  
Vol 7 (2) ◽  
pp. 233-234 ◽  
Author(s):  
Masakazu Saitoh ◽  
Junichi Ishida ◽  
Masaaki Konishi ◽  
Jochen Springer
Keyword(s):  
Cancer Patients ◽  
Muscle Wasting ◽  
Oral Motor ◽  
Feeding Function

scholarly journals Muscle alterations in the development and progression of cancer-induced muscle atrophy: a review

2020 ◽  
Vol 128 (1) ◽  
pp. 25-41 ◽  
Author(s):  
Megan E. Rosa-Caldwell ◽  
Dennis K. Fix ◽  
Tyrone A. Washington ◽  
Nicholas P. Greene
Keyword(s):  
Cancer Patients ◽  
Protein Turnover ◽  
Cancer Cachexia ◽  
Muscle Wasting ◽  
Cell Function ◽  
Developmental Stages ◽  
Muscle Loss ◽  
Inflammatory Signaling ◽  
Mortality And Morbidity ◽  
Cancer Types

Cancer cachexia—cancer-associated body weight and muscle loss—is a significant predictor of mortality and morbidity in cancer patients across a variety of cancer types. However, despite the negative prognosis associated with cachexia onset, there are no clinical therapies approved to treat or prevent cachexia. This lack of treatment may be partially due to the relative dearth of literature on mechanisms occurring within the muscle before the onset of muscle wasting. Therefore, the purpose of this review is to compile the current scientific literature on mechanisms contributing to the development and progression of cancer cachexia, including protein turnover, inflammatory signaling, and mitochondrial dysfunction. We define “development” as changes in cell function occurring before the onset of cachexia and “progression” as alterations to cell function that coincide with the exacerbation of muscle wasting. Overall, the current literature suggests that multiple aspects of cellular function, such as protein turnover, inflammatory signaling, and mitochondrial quality, are altered before the onset of muscle loss during cancer cachexia and clearly highlights the need to study more thoroughly the developmental stages of cachexia. The studying of these early aberrations will allow for the development of effective therapeutics to prevent the onset of cachexia and improve health outcomes in cancer patients.

Prevalence and impact of hypogonadism in cancer patients with severe muscle wasting in phase IIb enobosarm trial.

2012 ◽  
Vol 30 (15_suppl) ◽  
pp. e19582-e19582
Author(s):  
Mitchell S. Steiner ◽  
Adrian Dobs ◽  
Mary Ann Johnston ◽  
Michael L. Hancock ◽  
Ronald A. Morton ◽  
...  
Keyword(s):  
Weight Loss ◽  
Physical Function ◽  
Cancer Patients ◽  
Muscle Wasting ◽  
Controlled Trial ◽  
Performance Status ◽  
Lymphocytic Leukemia ◽  
Double Blind ◽  
Poor Outcomes ◽  
Multi Center Study

e19582 Background: Hypogonadism has been associated with weight loss and poor outcomes in cancer patients. Up to 50% of males with advanced cancer are hypogonadal at presentation or during the course of treatment. Wasting in cancer patients has also been associated with a decline in physical function and performance status and has major public health significance. We conducted a Phase IIb randomized, double blind, placebo controlled, multi-center study to evaluate the effect of enobosarm on muscle wasting and physical function in cancer patients. Methods: Patients (n=159) were randomized to oral enobosarm (1 or 3 mg) or placebo daily for 16 wks. Patients were males >45 y and postmenopausal females, had ≥2% weight loss in the 6 mths prior to randomization, BMI <35 and either NSCLC, colorectal cancer, non-Hodgkins lymphoma, chronic lymphocytic leukemia or breast cancer. We report on the incidence and impact of hypogonadism (T<300 ng/dL) in this population. Results: Baseline testosterone levels were available for 93 of 103 men. 60% of male patients were hypogonadal at randomization. Distribution of hypogonadism was similar across cancers; however hypogonadal men were less likely to complete the study. Baseline T levels were positively correlated with weight loss (r=0.32, p=0.002,) with hypogonadal men demonstrating greater weight loss in the previous six months (median, -9.5%). Baseline physical function as measured by stair climb power was higher among eugonadal males compared to hypogonadal males (84.5 watts vs 70.6 watts; p=0.016). Enobosarm significantly improved physical function in this population regardless of baseline gonadal status (hypogonadal: 18.7%, p=0.0061; eugonadal: 13.2%, p=0.0032). The magnitude of improvement was greater in hypogonadal men. Conclusions: Hypogonadism is common in male cancer patients and is correlated with weight loss and diminished physical function. In this randomized, placebo controlled trial, enobosarm improved physical function in both hypogonadal and eugonadal men despite poorer baseline physical function in hypogonadal patients. These data provide evidence that enobosarm may play an important role in the management of cancer related muscle wasting.

Weight loss and muscle wasting in pediatric cancer patients undergoing radiotherapy

2021 ◽  
Vol 46 ◽  
pp. S706
Author(s):  
K.J.T. Guedes ◽  
R.L. Ferretti ◽  
T.L. Almeida ◽  
C.F. Marçon ◽  
M.Y.R.S. Moretti ◽  
...  
Keyword(s):  
Weight Loss ◽  
Cancer Patients ◽  
Pediatric Cancer ◽  
Muscle Wasting ◽  
Pediatric Cancer Patients

scholarly journals Modulating Metabolism to Improve Cancer-Induced Muscle Wasting

2018 ◽  
Vol 2018 ◽  
pp. 1-11 ◽  
Author(s):  
Fabio Penna ◽  
Riccardo Ballarò ◽  
Marc Beltrá ◽  
Serena De Lucia ◽  
Paola Costelli
Keyword(s):  
Clinical Trials ◽  
Clinical Practice ◽  
Cancer Patients ◽  
Clinical Studies ◽  
Cancer Cachexia ◽  
Muscle Wasting ◽  
Muscle Metabolism ◽  
Preclinical Models ◽  
Oncologic Patients ◽  
Clinical Conditions

Muscle wasting is one of the main features of cancer cachexia, a multifactorial syndrome frequently occurring in oncologic patients. The onset of cachexia is associated with reduced tolerance and response to antineoplastic treatments, eventually leading to clinical conditions that are not compatible with survival. Among the mechanisms underlying cachexia, protein and energy dysmetabolism play a major role. In this regard, several potential treatments have been proposed, mainly on the basis of promising results obtained in preclinical models. However, at present, no treatment yet reached validation to be used in the clinical practice, although several drugs are currently tested in clinical trials for their ability to improve muscle metabolism in cancer patients. Along this line, the results obtained in both experimental and clinical studies clearly show that cachexia can be effectively approached by a multidirectional strategy targeting nutrition, inflammation, catabolism, and inactivity at the same time. In the present study, approaches aimed to modulate muscle metabolism in cachexia will be reviewed.

scholarly journals Moderate Exercise Improves Experimental Cancer Cachexia by Modulating the Redox Homeostasis

Cancers ◽  
2019 ◽  
Vol 11 (3) ◽  
pp. 285 ◽  
Author(s):  
Riccardo Ballarò ◽  
Fabio Penna ◽  
Fabrizio Pin ◽  
Mari Gómez-Cabrera ◽  
José Viña ◽  
...  
Keyword(s):  
Oxidative Stress ◽  
Cancer Patients ◽  
Muscle Wasting ◽  
Muscle Protein ◽  
Redox Homeostasis ◽  
Antioxidant Response ◽  
Moderate Exercise ◽  
Mitochondrial Mass ◽  
Experimental Cancer ◽  
Dependent Protein

Cachexia is a debilitating syndrome that complicates the management of cancer patients. Muscle wasting, one of the main features of cachexia, is associated with hyper-activation of protein degradative pathways and altered mitochondrial function that could both result from impaired redox homeostasis. This study aimed to investigate the contribution of oxidative stress to cancer-induced cachexia in the presence or in the absence of moderate exercise training. Mice bearing the colon C26 carcinoma, either sedentary or exercised, were used. The former showed muscle wasting and redox imbalance, with the activation of an antioxidant response and with upregulation of markers of proteasome-dependent protein degradation and autophagy. Moderate exercise was able to relieve muscle wasting and prevented the loss of muscle strength; such a pattern was associated with reduced levels of Reactive Oxygen Species (ROS), carbonylated proteins and markers of autophagy and with improved antioxidant capacity. The muscle of sedentary tumor hosts also showed increased levels of molecular markers of mitophagy and reduced mitochondrial mass. Conversely, exercise in the C26 hosts led to increased mitochondrial mass. In conclusion, moderate exercise could be an effective non-pharmacological approach to prevent muscle wasting in cancer patients, decreasing muscle protein catabolism and oxidative stress and preserving mitochondria.

scholarly journals Weight Loss in Cancer Patients Correlates With p38β MAPK Activation in Skeletal Muscle

2021 ◽  
Vol 9 ◽  
Author(s):  
Guohua Zhang ◽  
Lindsey J. Anderson ◽  
Song Gao ◽  
Thomas K. Sin ◽  
Zicheng Zhang ◽  
...  
Keyword(s):  
Skeletal Muscle ◽  
Weight Loss ◽  
Cancer Patients ◽  
Clinical Sign ◽  
Muscle Wasting ◽  
Cancer Survival ◽  
Protein Catabolism ◽  
Plasma Analysis ◽  
Mapk Activation ◽  
Major Threat

Unintentional weight loss, a first clinical sign of muscle wasting, is a major threat to cancer survival without a defined etiology. We previously identified in mice that p38β MAPK mediates cancer-induced muscle wasting by stimulating protein catabolism. However, whether this mechanism is relevant to humans is unknown. In this study, we recruited men with cancer and weight loss (CWL) or weight stable (CWS), and non-cancer controls (NCC), who were consented to rectus abdominis (RA) biopsy and blood sampling (n = 20/group). In the RA of both CWS and CWL, levels of activated p38β MAPK and its effectors in the catabolic pathways were higher than in NCC, with progressively higher active p38β MAPK detected in CWL. Remarkably, levels of active p38β MAPK correlated with weight loss. Plasma analysis for factors that activate p38β MAPK revealed higher levels in some cytokines as well as Hsp70 and Hsp90 in CWS and/or CWL. Thus, p38β MAPK appears a biomarker of weight loss in cancer patients.

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