Plasma and cerebrospinal fluid concentrations of ibuprofen in pediatric patients and antipyretic effect: Pharmacokinetic-pharmacodynamic modeling analysis

2014 ◽  
Vol 54 (9) ◽  
pp. 1023-1030 ◽  
Author(s):  
Ronly Har-Even ◽  
David Stepensky ◽  
Malka Britzi ◽  
Stefan Soback ◽  
Adina Bar Chaim ◽  
...  
Keyword(s):  
Cerebrospinal Fluid ◽  
Pediatric Patients ◽  
Pharmacodynamic Modeling ◽  
Antipyretic Effect ◽  
Modeling Analysis

Flow cytometrical analysis of cerebrospinal fluid leukocytes in pediatric patients

2004 ◽  
Vol 35 (01) ◽  
Author(s):  
M Häusler ◽  
B Sellhaus ◽  
K Schweizer ◽  
VT Ramaekers ◽  
T Opladen ◽  
...  
Keyword(s):  
Cerebrospinal Fluid ◽  
Pediatric Patients

scholarly journals Local IgG synthesis in three pediatric patients with cuban epidemic neuropathy

1996 ◽  
Vol 54 (1) ◽  
pp. 98-101 ◽  
Author(s):  
Alberto Dorta-Contreras ◽  
Eric Martínez Torres ◽  
Carlos Dotres-Martínez
Keyword(s):  
Cerebrospinal Fluid ◽  
Optic Neuritis ◽  
Pediatric Patients ◽  
Local Synthesis ◽  
Igg Synthesis

Three pediatric patients with Cuban epidemic neuropathy were studied. Cerebrospinal fluid and sera were simultaneously obtained. Albumin and IgG were quantified by immunodifusion. Albumin quotient and local synthesis of IgG were calculated by Reiber/Felgenhauer formula. A patient with optic neuritis had a dysfunction of the blood-cerebrospinal fluid barrier. All the group had local synthesis of IgG.

scholarly journals Cerebrospinal fluid neopterin as a biomarker of neuroinflammatory diseases

2020 ◽  
Vol 10 (1) ◽  
Author(s):  
Marta Molero-Luis ◽  
Didac Casas-Alba ◽  
Gabriela Orellana ◽  
Aida Ormazabal ◽  
Cristina Sierra ◽  
...  
Keyword(s):  
Cerebrospinal Fluid ◽  
Discriminant Analysis ◽  
Bacterial Infections ◽  
Pediatric Patients ◽  
Canonical Discriminant Analysis ◽  
Control Group ◽  
Csf Biomarkers ◽  
Molecular Testing ◽  
Respiratory Pathogens

Abstract The elevation of neopterin in cerebrospinal fluid (CSF) has been reported in several neuroinflammatory disorders. However, it is not expected that neopterin alone can discriminate among different neuroinflammatory etiologies. We conducted an observational retrospective and case–control study to analyze the CSF biomarkers neopterin, total proteins, and leukocytes in a large cohort of pediatric patients with neuroinflammatory disorders. CSF samples from 277 subjects were included and classified into four groups: Viral meningoencephalitis, bacterial meningitis, acquired immune-mediated disorders, and patients with no-immune diseases (control group). CSF neopterin was analyzed with high-performance liquid chromatography. Microbiological diagnosis included bacterial CSF cultures and several specific real-time polymerase chain reactions. Molecular testing for multiple respiratory pathogens was also included. Antibodies against neuronal and glial proteins were tested. Canonical discriminant analysis of the three biomarkers was conducted to establish the best discriminant functions for the classification of the different clinical groups. Model validation was done by biomarker analyses in a new cohort of 95 pediatric patients. CSF neopterin displayed the highest values in the viral and bacterial infection groups. By applying canonical discriminant analysis, it was possible to classify the patients into the different groups. Validation analyses displayed good results for neuropediatric patients with no-immune diseases and for viral meningitis patients, followed by the other groups. This study provides initial evidence of a more efficient approach to promote the timely classification of patients with viral and bacterial infections and acquired autoimmune disorders. Through canonical equations, we have validated a new tool that aids in the early and differential diagnosis of these neuroinflammatory conditions.

scholarly journals Population Pharmacokinetics and Dosing Optimization of Azithromycin in Children with Community-Acquired Pneumonia

2018 ◽  
Vol 62 (9) ◽  
Author(s):  
Yi Zheng ◽  
Shu-Ping Liu ◽  
Bao-Ping Xu ◽  
Zhong-Ren Shi ◽  
Kai Wang ◽  
...  
Keyword(s):  
Body Weight ◽  
Population Pharmacokinetics ◽  
Pediatric Patients ◽  
Community Acquired Pneumonia ◽  
Pharmacodynamic Modeling ◽  
Pharmacokinetic Data ◽  
Loading Dose ◽  
Dosing Regimen ◽  
Time Curve ◽  
Dose Strategy

ABSTRACT Azithromycin is extensively used in children with community-acquired pneumonia (CAP). Currently, the intravenous azithromycin is used off-label in children partly due to lacking of pharmacokinetic data. Our objective was to evaluate the population pharmacokinetics (PPK) and optimize dose strategy in order to improve treatment in this distinctive population. This was a prospective, multicenter, open-labeled pharmacokinetic study. Blood samples were collected from hospitalized pediatric patients and concentrations were determined by liquid chromatography-tandem mass spectrometry (LC-MS/MS). PPK analysis was conducted using NONMEM software. The pharmacokinetic data from 95 pediatric patients (age range, 2.1 to 11.7 years) were available for analysis. The PPK was best fitted by a two-compartment model with linear elimination. Covariate analysis verified that body weight and alanine aminotransferase (ALT) had significant effects on azithromycin pharmacokinetics, yielding a 24% decrease of clearance in patients with ALT of >40. Monte Carlo simulation showed that for children with normal liver function, a loading-dose strategy (a loading dose of 15 mg/kg of body weight followed by maintenance doses of 10 mg/kg) would achieve the ratio of the area under free drug plasma concentration-time curve over 24 h (fAUC) to MIC90 (fAUC/MIC) target of 3 h in 53.2% of hypothetical patients, using a normative MIC susceptibility breakpoint of 2 mg/liter. For children with ALT of >40, the proposed dose needed to decrease by 15% to achieve comparable exposure. The corresponding risk of overdose for the recommended dosing regimen was less than 5.8%. In conclusion, the PPK of azithromycin was evaluated in children with CAP and an optimal dosing regimen was constructed based on developmental pharmacokinetic-pharmacodynamic modeling and simulation.

Value of Cerebrospinal Fluid Lactate Levels in Diagnosing Shunt Infections in Pediatric Patients

2019 ◽  
Vol 129 ◽  
pp. e207-e215
Author(s):  
Jonathan Roth ◽  
Jehuda Soleman ◽  
Danil A. Kozyrev ◽  
John N. Jabang ◽  
Maya Stein ◽  
...  
Keyword(s):  
Cerebrospinal Fluid ◽  
Pediatric Patients ◽  
Lactate Levels ◽  
Shunt Infections

scholarly journals (1→3)-β-d-Glucan in Cerebrospinal Fluid as a Biomarker forCandidaandAspergillusInfections of the Central Nervous System in Pediatric Patients

2015 ◽  
Vol 5 (3) ◽  
pp. 277-286 ◽  
Author(s):  
Christine M. Salvatore ◽  
Tempe K. Chen ◽  
Sima S. Toussi ◽  
Patricia DeLaMora ◽  
Ruta Petraitiene ◽  
...  
Keyword(s):  
Central Nervous System ◽  
Cerebrospinal Fluid ◽  
Nervous System ◽  
Pediatric Patients ◽  
The Central Nervous System

Pharmacokinetics and Cerebrospinal Fluid (CSF) Concentrations of Vancomycin in Pediatric Patients Undergoing CSF Shunt Placement

Chemotherapy ◽  
1990 ◽  
Vol 36 (2) ◽  
pp. 103-108 ◽  
Author(s):  
Patty Fan-Havard ◽  
Milap C. Nahata ◽  
Henry Bartkowski ◽  
William J. Barson ◽  
Edward J. Kosnik
Keyword(s):  
Cerebrospinal Fluid ◽  
Pediatric Patients ◽  
Csf Shunt ◽  
Shunt Placement

An Increase of Cerebrospinal Fluid B-cell Activating Factor Level in Pediatric Patients With Acute Viral Encephalitis

2017 ◽  
Vol 70 ◽  
pp. e3-e4
Author(s):  
Mitsuo Motobayashi ◽  
Tetsuhiro Fukuyama ◽  
Jiu Okuno-Yuguchi ◽  
Takahiro Shioiri ◽  
Sachiko Nagaharu ◽  
...  
Keyword(s):  
Cerebrospinal Fluid ◽  
B Cell ◽  
Pediatric Patients ◽  
Viral Encephalitis ◽  
Factor Level ◽  
B Cell Activating Factor

scholarly journals Comparison of enterovirus detection in cerebrospinal fluid with Bacterial Meningitis Score in children

2017 ◽  
Vol 15 (2) ◽  
pp. 167-172 ◽  
Author(s):  
Frederico Ribeiro Pires ◽  
Andréia Christine Bonotto Farias Franco ◽  
Alfredo Elias Gilio ◽  
Eduardo Juan Troster
Keyword(s):  
Cerebrospinal Fluid ◽  
Bacterial Meningitis ◽  
Aseptic Meningitis ◽  
Medical Records ◽  
Pediatric Patients ◽  
Tertiary Hospital ◽  
Viral Meningitis ◽  
Parenteral Antibiotic ◽  
Score Analysis

ABSTRACT Objective To measure the role of enterovirus detection in cerebrospinal fluid compared with the Bacterial Meningitis Score in children with meningitis. Methods A retrospective cohort based on analysis of medical records of pediatric patients diagnosed as meningitis, seen at a private and tertiary hospital in São Paulo, Brazil, between 2011 and 2014. Excluded were patients with critical illness, purpura, ventricular shunt or recent neurosurgery, immunosuppression, concomitant bacterial infection requiring parenteral antibiotic therapy, and those who received antibiotics 72 hours before lumbar puncture. Results The study included 503 patients. Sixty-four patients were excluded and 94 were not submitted to all tests for analysis. Of the remaining 345 patients, 7 were in the Bacterial Meningitis Group and 338 in the Aseptic Meningitis Group. There was no statistical difference between the groups. In the Bacterial Meningitis Score analysis, of the 338 patients with possible aseptic meningitis (negative cultures), 121 of them had one or more points in the Bacterial Meningitis Score, with sensitivity of 100%, specificity of 64.2%, and negative predictive value of 100%. Of the 121 patients with positive Bacterial Meningitis Score, 71% (86 patients) had a positive enterovirus detection in cerebrospinal fluid. Conclusion Enterovirus detection in cerebrospinal fluid was effective to differentiate bacterial from viral meningitis. When the test was analyzed together with the Bacterial Meningitis Score, specificity was higher when compared to Bacterial Meningitis Score alone.

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