scholarly journals Effects of carnitine palmitoyltransferases on cancer cellular senescence

2018 ◽  
Vol 234 (2) ◽  
pp. 1707-1719 ◽  
Author(s):  
Lihuan Guan ◽  
Yixin Chen ◽  
Yongtao Wang ◽  
Huizhen Zhang ◽  
Shicheng Fan ◽  
...  
Keyword(s):  
Cellular Senescence ◽  
Carnitine Palmitoyltransferases

Lamin B receptor: role on chromatin structure, cellular senescence and possibly aging

2020 ◽  
Vol 477 (14) ◽  
pp. 2715-2720
Author(s):  
Susana Castro-Obregón
Keyword(s):  
Cellular Senescence ◽  
Nuclear Membrane ◽  
Chromatin Structure ◽  
Cholesterol Synthesis ◽  
Reductase Activity ◽  
Chimeric Protein ◽  
Nuclear Lamina ◽  
Lamin B ◽  
Inner Nuclear Membrane ◽  
Lamin B Receptor

The nuclear envelope is composed by an outer nuclear membrane and an inner nuclear membrane, which is underlain by the nuclear lamina that provides the nucleus with mechanical strength for maintaining structure and regulates chromatin organization for modulating gene expression and silencing. A layer of heterochromatin is beneath the nuclear lamina, attached by inner nuclear membrane integral proteins such as Lamin B receptor (LBR). LBR is a chimeric protein, having also a sterol reductase activity with which it contributes to cholesterol synthesis. Lukasova et al. showed that when DNA is damaged by ɣ-radiation in cancer cells, LBR is lost causing chromatin structure changes and promoting cellular senescence. Cellular senescence is characterized by terminal cell cycle arrest and the expression and secretion of various growth factors, cytokines, metalloproteinases, etc., collectively known as senescence-associated secretory phenotype (SASP) that cause chronic inflammation and tumor progression when they persist in the tissue. Therefore, it is fundamental to understand the molecular basis for senescence establishment, maintenance and the regulation of SASP. The work of Lukasova et al. contributed to our understanding of cellular senescence establishment and provided the basis that lead to the further discovery that chromatin changes caused by LBR reduction induce an up-regulated expression of SASP factors. LBR dysfunction has relevance in several diseases and possibly in physiological aging. The potential bifunctional role of LBR on cellular senescence establishment, namely its role in chromatin structure together with its enzymatic activity contributing to cholesterol synthesis, provide a new target to develop potential anti-aging therapies.

­A Transient Wave of Cellular Senescence is Required for Myofiber Growth and Myonuclear Accretion Following Injury

2020 ◽  
Author(s):  
Laura V. Young ◽  
Alasdair WR Cameron ◽  
Stevan SA Springer ◽  
Joel Ross ◽  
Grant Wolters ◽  
...  
Keyword(s):  
Cellular Senescence ◽  
Transient Wave

Metallothioneins, Ageing and Cellular Senescence: A Future Therapeutic Target

2013 ◽  
Vol 19 (9) ◽  
pp. 1753-1764 ◽  
Author(s):  
Eugenio Mocchegiani ◽  
Laura Costarelli ◽  
Andrea Basso ◽  
Robertina Giacconi ◽  
Francesco Piacenza ◽  
...  
Keyword(s):  
Cellular Senescence ◽  
Therapeutic Target
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