scholarly journals Expression of P2 Purinergic Receptors in Mesenchymal Stem Cells and Their Roles in Extracellular Nucleotide Regulation of Cell Functions

2016 ◽  
Vol 232 (2) ◽  
pp. 287-297 ◽  
Author(s):  
Lin-Hua Jiang ◽  
Yunjie Hao ◽  
Fatema Mousawi ◽  
Hongsen Peng ◽  
Xuebin Yang
Keyword(s):  
Stem Cells ◽  
Mesenchymal Stem Cells ◽  
Purinergic Receptors ◽  
Extracellular Nucleotide ◽  
Cell Functions ◽  
P2 Purinergic Receptors ◽  
Nucleotide Regulation

scholarly journals Ca(2+) Oscillations and Its Transporters in Mesenchymal Stem Cells

2010 ◽  
pp. 323-329 ◽  
Author(s):  
B Ye
Keyword(s):  
Tissue Engineering ◽  
Stem Cells ◽  
Mesenchymal Stem Cells ◽  
Replacement Therapy ◽  
Cell Types ◽  
Cell Replacement Therapy ◽  
Cell Replacement ◽  
Cell Functions ◽  
The Past ◽  
Intracellular Ca

Intracellular free Ca(2+) is one of important biological signals regulating a number of cell functions. It has been discussed widely and extensively in several cell types during the past two decades. Attention has been paid to the Ca2+ transportation in mesenchymal stem cells in recent years as mesenchymal stem cells have gained considerable interest due to their potential for cell replacement therapy and tissue engineering. In this paper, roles of intracellular Ca(2+) oscillations and its transporters in mesenchymal stem cells have been reviewed.

scholarly journals Dependence of Spreading and Differentiation of Mesenchymal Stem Cells on Micropatterned Surface Area

2011 ◽  
Vol 2011 ◽  
pp. 1-9 ◽  
Author(s):  
Wei Song ◽  
Naoki Kawazoe ◽  
Guoping Chen
Keyword(s):  
Stem Cells ◽  
Mesenchymal Stem Cells ◽  
Stem Cell ◽  
Single Cell ◽  
Adipogenic Differentiation ◽  
Cell Spreading ◽  
Poly Vinyl Alcohol ◽  
Cell Array ◽  
Cell Functions

Micropatterning technology is a highly advantageous approach for directly assessing and comparing the effects of different factors on stem cell functions. In this study, poly(vinyl alcohol)- (PVA-) micropatterned polystyrene surfaces were prepared using photoreactive PVA and ultraviolet photolithography with a photomask. The micropatterned surface was suitable for single-cell array formation and long-term cell culture due to the nanometer thickness of nonadhesive PVA layer. Different degrees of cell spreading with the same cell shape were established by adjusting the sizes of circular, cell-adhesive polystyrene micropatterns. Cell spreading and differentiation of mesenchymal stem cells (MSCs) on the micropatterns were investigated at the single-cell level. The assembly and organization of the cytoskeleton were regulated by the degree of cell spreading. Individual MSCs on large circular micropatterns exhibited a more highly ordered arrangement of actin filaments than did those on the small circular micropatterns. Furthermore, the differentiation of MSCs was dependent on the degree of cell spreading. Increased cell spreading facilitated the osteogenic differentiation but suppressed the adipogenic differentiation of MSCs. This micropatterning method is valuable for stem cell research in tissue engineering and regenerative medicine.

Human mesenchymal stem cells modulate B-cell functions

Blood ◽  
2006 ◽  
Vol 107 (1) ◽  
pp. 367-372 ◽  
Author(s):  
Anna Corcione ◽  
Federica Benvenuto ◽  
Elisa Ferretti ◽  
Debora Giunti ◽  
Valentina Cappiello ◽  
...  
Keyword(s):  
Stem Cells ◽  
Mesenchymal Stem Cells ◽  
B Cells ◽  
B Cell ◽  
Cell Function ◽  
Costimulatory Molecule ◽  
Human Mesenchymal Stem Cells ◽  
B Cell Differentiation ◽  
Major Mechanism ◽  
Cell Functions

Abstract Human mesenchymal stem cells (hMSCs) suppress T-cell and dendritic-cell function and represent a promising strategy for cell therapy of autoimmune diseases. Nevertheless, no information is currently available on the effects of hMSCs on B cells, which may have a large impact on the clinical use of these cells. hMSCs isolated from the bone marrow and B cells purified from the peripheral blood of healthy donors were cocultured with different B-cell tropic stimuli. B-cell proliferation was inhibited by hMSCs through an arrest in the G0/G1 phase of the cell cycle and not through the induction of apoptosis. A major mechanism of B-cell suppression was hMSC production of soluble factors, as indicated by transwell experiments. hMSCs inhibited B-cell differentiation because IgM, IgG, and IgA production was significantly impaired. CXCR4, CXCR5, and CCR7 B-cell expression, as well as chemotaxis to CXCL12, the CXCR4 ligand, and CXCL13, the CXCR5 ligand, were significantly down-regulated by hMSCs, suggesting that these cells affect chemotactic properties of B cells. B-cell costimulatory molecule expression and cytokine production were unaffected by hMSCs. These results further support the potential therapeutic use of hMSCs in immune-mediated disorders, including those in which B cells play a major role.

Purinergic Receptors Influence the Differentiation of Human Mesenchymal Stem Cells

2012 ◽  
Vol 21 (6) ◽  
pp. 884-900 ◽  
Author(s):  
Nina Zippel ◽  
Christian Andreas Limbach ◽  
Nadine Ratajski ◽  
Christian Urban ◽  
Claudio Luparello ◽  
...  
Keyword(s):  
Stem Cells ◽  
Mesenchymal Stem Cells ◽  
Purinergic Receptors ◽  
Human Mesenchymal Stem Cells

Human Mesenchymal Stem Cells Elicit Complement Activation in Human Blood.

Blood ◽  
2009 ◽  
Vol 114 (22) ◽  
pp. 4580-4580
Author(s):  
Katarina Le Blanc ◽  
Guido Moll ◽  
Ida Rasmusson ◽  
Kristina Nilsson Ekdahl ◽  
Graciela Elgue ◽  
...  
Keyword(s):  
Stem Cells ◽  
Mesenchymal Stem Cells ◽  
Human Blood ◽  
Complement System ◽  
Complement Activation ◽  
Immune Modulation ◽  
Effector Cell ◽  
Conflicts Of Interest ◽  
Cell Functions ◽  
The Complement System

Abstract Abstract 4580 Infusion of third-party mesenchymal stem cells (MSCs) appears to be a promising therapy for steroid-refractory acute graft-versus-host disease (GvHD). Little is known about how MSCs interact with the innate immune system after clinical infusion. In this study, we show that exposure of MSCs to ABO-compatible human blood activates the complement system, which triggers complement-mediated effector cell functions, and correlates with the immunosuppressive properties of MSCs. We found deposition of the complement component 3 (C3) derived opsonins iC3b and C3dg on MSCs, and fluid-phase generation of the chemotactic anaphylatoxins C3a and C5a. These events triggered complement receptor 3 (CD11b/CD18)-mediated effector cell activation; but could be prevented by culturing MSCs in human ABserum or by blocking complement function. Our study demonstrates the important role of the complement system as a possible mediator of immune modulation in clinical applications using MSCs, and implies that complement activation may substantially affect the treatment efficiency. Disclosures: No relevant conflicts of interest to declare.

Nanoparticle Shaped Titanium Promotes Osteogenic Differentiation of Bone Mesenchymal Stem Cells Through Integrin/Integrin Linked Kinase/Glycogen Synthase Kinase-3β Axis

2020 ◽  
Vol 16 (8) ◽  
pp. 1267-1275
Author(s):  
Xiaolin Lu ◽  
Yani Chen ◽  
Peng Mao ◽  
Liling Chen ◽  
Xiaodong Han ◽  
...  
Keyword(s):  
Stem Cells ◽  
Mesenchymal Stem Cells ◽  
Osteogenic Differentiation ◽  
Glycogen Synthase ◽  
Pure Titanium ◽  
Bone Mesenchymal Stem Cells ◽  
Cell Functions ◽  
Dental Implantation ◽  
Integrin Linked Kinase ◽  
Implant Prosthesis

Dental implantation is an important method in treating missing teeth, widely used in oral treatment. As regards to physical and mechanical properties, pure titanium (Ti) material has become the most common dental implant material for its high stability and biocompatibility, clinically. Cell-substrate interactions have vital contribution in regulating pertinent cell functions like adhesion, proliferation, and differentiation. Initiation of the signal cascades to modulate cells behavior can also relate to surface topography. Bone mesenchymal stem cells (BMSCs) primarily migrate and adhere to the surface of implant prosthesis in the process of cells adhesion. Moreover, it was verified that adhesion and differentiation ability of BMSCs is mainly determined by surface morphology of implant prosthesis. In this study, we employed nanoparticle cluster beam technique to establish a kind of nanoparticle surface modified Ti material to examine BMSCs' osteogenic differentiation. By examining osteospecific genes (osteocalcin, osteopontin and runx2) altered expressions, we found that nanoparticle modified Ti material can contribute to a higher up regulation of BMSCs osteogenic differentiation. During the process, ILK (integrin linked kinase) and Wnt/β-catenin signaling were expressed differentially. Mechanistically, we demonstrated that nanoparticle shaped Ti material induced osteogenic differentiation of BMSCs can be impaired by inhibiting ILK or Wnt/β-catenin signaling. Analyzation of the obtained results concludes that ILK-mediated activation of Wnt/β-catenin signaling is principal for osteogenic differentiation of BMSCs, because of improved physical properties, nanoparticle modified Ti material are superior for cell attachment and osseointegration.

Contribution of bone marrow mesenchymal stem cells to porcine hepatocyte culture in vitro

2009 ◽  
Vol 87 (4) ◽  
pp. 595-604 ◽  
Author(s):  
Jinyang Gu ◽  
Xiaolei Shi ◽  
Xuehui Chu ◽  
Yue Zhang ◽  
Yitao Ding
Keyword(s):  
Stem Cells ◽  
Bone Marrow ◽  
Mesenchymal Stem Cells ◽  
Bioartificial Liver ◽  
Urea Synthesis ◽  
Soluble Factors ◽  
Cell Functions ◽  
Marrow Mesenchymal Stem Cells ◽  
Porcine Hepatocyte

One of the greatest challenges in the attempt to create functional bioartificial liver designs is the maintenance of porcine hepatocyte differentiated functions in vitro. Co-cultivation of hepatocytes with nonparenchymal cells may be beneficial for optimizing cell functions via mimicry of physiological microenvironment. However, the underlying mechanisms remain to be elucidated. An equal number of freshly isolated porcine hepatocytes and purified bone marrow mesenchymal stem cells (MSCS) was randomly co-cultured and the morphological and functional changes of heterotypic interactions were characterized. Furthermore, contributions of soluble factors involved in the separated co-culture system were evaluated. The purity of the third-passage MSCS and primary hepatocytes was more than 90% and 99%, respectively. Hepatocyte viability was greater than 95%. A rapid attachment and self-organization of three-dimensional hepatocyte spheroids were encouraged, which was due to the supporting MSCS of high motility. The elevated induction of both albumin production and urea synthesis was achieved in co-culture (P < 0.05). Data from semipermeable membrane cultures suggested that interleukin-6 is one of the key stimulators in hepatic functional enhancement. These results demonstrate for the first time that soluble factors have beneficial effects on the preservation of hepatic morphology and functionality in the co-culture of hepatocytes with MSCS in vitro, which could represent a promising tool for tissue engineering, cell biology, and bioartificial liver devices.

scholarly journals Effects of Human Umbilical Cord Mesenchymal Stem Cells on Human Trophoblast Cell Functions In Vitro

2016 ◽  
Vol 2016 ◽  
pp. 1-12 ◽  
Author(s):  
Yajing Huang ◽  
Yanming Wu ◽  
Xinwen Chang ◽  
Yan Li ◽  
Kai Wang ◽  
...  
Keyword(s):  
Stem Cells ◽  
Mesenchymal Stem Cells ◽  
Umbilical Cord ◽  
Cell Function ◽  
Trophoblast Cell ◽  
Migration And Invasion ◽  
Human Umbilical Cord ◽  
Trophoblast Cells ◽  
Human Trophoblast ◽  
Cell Functions

Trophoblast cell dysfunction is involved in many disorders during pregnancy such as preeclampsia and intrauterine growth restriction. Few treatments exist, however, that target improving trophoblast cell function. Human umbilical cord mesenchymal stem cells (hUCMSCs) are capable of self-renewing, can undergo multilineage differentiation, and have homing abilities; in addition, they have immunomodulatory effects and paracrine properties and thus are a prospective source for cell therapy. To identify whether hUCMSCs can regulate trophoblast cell functions, we treated trophoblast cells with hUCMSC supernatant or cocultured them with hUCMSCs. Both treatments remarkably enhanced the migration and invasion abilities of trophoblast cells and upregulated their proliferation ability. At a certain concentration, hUCMSCs also modulated hCG, PIGF, and sEndoglin levels in the trophoblast culture medium. Thus, hUCMSCs have a positive effect on trophoblast cellular functions, which may provide a new avenue for treatment of placenta-related diseases during pregnancy.

scholarly journals Phenotypic Change of Mesenchymal Stem Cells Into Smooth Muscle Cells Regulated By Dynamic Cell-Surface Interactions On Patterned Arrays of Ultrathin Graphene Oxide Substrates

2021 ◽  
Author(s):  
Rowoon Park ◽  
Jung Won Yoon ◽  
Jin-Ho Lee ◽  
Suck Won Hong ◽  
Jae Ho Kim
Keyword(s):  
Stem Cells ◽  
Cell Culture ◽  
Mesenchymal Stem Cells ◽  
Smooth Muscle ◽  
Graphene Oxide ◽  
Smooth Muscle Cells ◽  
Self Assembly ◽  
Muscle Cells ◽  
Phenotypic Change ◽  
Cell Functions

Abstract The topographical interface of the extracellular environment has been appreciated as a principal biophysical regulator for modulating cell functions, such as adhesion, migration, proliferation, and differentiation. Despite the existed approaches that use two-dimensional nanomaterials to provide beneficial effects, opportunities evaluating their impact on stem cells remain open to elicit unprecedented cellular responses. Herein, we report an ultrathin cell-culture platform with potential-responsive nanoscale biointerfaces for monitoring mesenchymal stem cells (MSCs). We designed an intriguing nanostructured array through self-assembly of graphene oxide sheets and subsequent lithographical patterning method to produce chemophysically defined regions. MSCs cultured on anisotropic micro/nanoscale patterned substrate were spontaneously organized in a highly ordered configuration mainly due to the cell-repellent interactions. Moreover, the spatially aligned MSCs were spontaneously differentiated into smooth muscle cells upon the specific crosstalk between cells. This work provides a robust strategy for directing stem cells and differentiation, which can be utilized as a potential cell culture platform to understand cell-substrate or cell-cell interactions, further developing tissue repair and stem cell-based therapies.

scholarly journals Nuclear activation in dual-durotaxing cells on a matrix with cell-scale stiffness-heterogeneity

2021 ◽  
Author(s):  
Satoru Kidoaki ◽  
Hiroyuki Ebata ◽  
Kosuke Moriyama ◽  
Thasaneeya Kuboki ◽  
Yukie Tsuji ◽  
...  
Keyword(s):  
Stem Cells ◽  
Mesenchymal Stem Cells ◽  
Spatial Distribution ◽  
Mechanical Stimuli ◽  
Extracellular Milieu ◽  
Cell Functions ◽  
Nuclear Activation ◽  
Proliferation And Differentiation ◽  
Living Organisms

Living organisms are typically composed of various tissues with microscopic cell-scale stiffness-heterogeneity, in which some cells receive dynamically fluctuating mechanical stimuli from the heterogeneous extracellular milieu during long-term movement. Although intracellular stress dynamics (ISD), which are closely related to the regulation of cell functions such as proliferation and differentiation, can be characteristically modulated in cells migrating on a matrix with stiffness-heterogeneity, it has been unclear how the mode of fluctuation of ISD affects cell functions. In the present study, we demonstrate that mesenchymal stem cells (MSCs) dual-durotaxing (i.e., both forward and reverse durotaxis) on microelastically-patterned gels with stiff triangular domains markedly amplify the fluctuation of ISD, nuclear shape, and the spatial distribution of chromatins, which makes the cells remain far from tensional equilibrium. We provide evidence that amplified chromatin fluctuation in the dual-durotaxing MSCs can cause activation of cellular vigor and maintenance of the stemness.

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