scholarly journals Ajulemic acid, a nonpsychoactive cannabinoid acid, suppresses osteoclastogenesis in mononuclear precursor cells and induces apoptosis in mature osteoclast-like cells

2007 ◽  
Vol 214 (3) ◽  
pp. 714-720 ◽  
Author(s):  
Kerri L. George ◽  
Laura H. Saltman ◽  
Gary S. Stein ◽  
Jane B. Lian ◽  
Robert B. Zurier
Keyword(s):  
Precursor Cells ◽  
Mature Osteoclast ◽  
Ajulemic Acid

IL-4 suppresses osteoclast development and mature osteoclast function by a STAT6-dependent mechanism: irreversible inhibition of the differentiation program activated by RANKL

Blood ◽  
2003 ◽  
Vol 102 (3) ◽  
pp. 1078-1086 ◽  
Author(s):  
Jose L. Moreno ◽  
Michele Kaczmarek ◽  
Achsah D. Keegan ◽  
Mehrdad Tondravi
Keyword(s):  
Gene Expression ◽  
Alternative Pathway ◽  
Osteoclast Differentiation ◽  
Precursor Cells ◽  
Interleukin 4 ◽  
Tartrate Resistant Acid Phosphatase ◽  
Mature Osteoclast ◽  
Raw264.7 Macrophages ◽  
Osteoclast Function ◽  
Dependent Mechanism

Abstract Numerous reports have described the effects of interleukin-4 (IL-4) on bone biology. Previous studies, performed using complex coculture systems, demonstrated the effects of IL-4 on osteoblasts and osteoclasts. To directly test the effect of IL-4 on osteoclasts, we took advantage of a simplified system using recombinant receptor activator of nuclear factor κB ligand (RANKL) as the osteoclast differentiation factor. We analyzed the ability of IL-4 to directly regulate osteoclast differentiation and mature osteoclast function. We found that IL-4 inhibited the differentiation of osteoclasts from bone marrow precursors in an irreversible manner and also inhibited the resorptive capacity of mature osteoclasts. In the presence of IL-4, we detected the appearance of tartrate-resistant acid phosphatase (TRAP)–negative multinucleated giant (MNG) cells. Both IL-4 effects were dependent on signal transducer and activator of transcription 6 (STAT6). We found that IL-4 suppresses RANK mRNA expression in the developing precursor cells. When RANK was ectopically expressed under the cytomegalovirus (CMV) promoter in RAW264.7 macrophages, IL-4 treatment did not inhibit osteoclast development. Furthermore, when osteoclastogenesis was induced independently of RANKL by using tumor necrosis factor-α (TNF-α), IL-4 inhibited osteoclast differentiation through a STAT6-dependent mechanism. These results suggest that IL-4 regulates osteoclast development by regulating gene expression, including RANK. We propose that IL-4 irreversibly regulates the lineage commitment of precursor cells by regulating gene expression, resulting in the suppression of osteoclast development and the generation of MNG cells as an alternative pathway of differentiation.

The influence of T-lymphocyte precursor cells and thymus grafts on the cellular immunodeficiencies of the BB rat

Diabetes ◽  
1985 ◽  
Vol 34 (11) ◽  
pp. 1134-1138 ◽  
Author(s):  
J. W. Francfort ◽  
A. Naji ◽  
W. K. Silvers ◽  
C. F. Barker
Keyword(s):  
T Lymphocyte ◽  
Precursor Cells ◽  
Bb Rat
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